نشریه پژوهش در توانبخشی ورزشی
پیاپی 9 (بهار و تابستان 1396)

Cardiovascular disease is leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the world, there is lack of scientific evidence in high risk cardiac patients. The aim of present study was to investigate the effects of CR program on high risk cardiac patients in Iran.
40 high risk cardiac patients (mean age 61.40± 6.09) who had coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) participated in phase III exercise cardiac rehabilitation. Participants were randomly divided in two groups which one group completed 4 weeks CR while other group participated in 8 weeks CR program. All patients underwent exercise testing before and after CR program. Completed Quality of Life (QLMI) questionnaire, Anxiety and Depression scale (HADs) at baseline and end of CR program.
Statistical analysis indicated that the exercise capacity, quality of life, anxiety and depression in both groups significantly improved after 4 and 8 weeks CR program. there were significant differences between two groups in exercise capacity (pBased on findings of presents study as patients who completed 8 weeks program get more benefits than other group it is recommend that the 8 weeks CR program is more beneficial for high risk cardiac patients. Therefore, it is suggested to refer all high risk patients to 8 CR program.

Invasive treatment of breast cancer can lead to negative changes in women’s posture. The aim of this study was to record and assess the impact of a home based resistance - mobility training protocol on the shoulder girdle posture variations among women after breast cancer treatment.
This study is a randomized clinical trial including 40 women 45-65 years old with breast cancer who had completed treatment with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Finally, twenty seven women were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group participated in the home based mobility and theraband resistance exercise program, during four weeks (four times a week). During the intervention, the control group had no change in their daily activity. The shoulder girdle posture was assessed using digital photogrammetry, before and after intervention. Data analysis was performed using ANCOVA.
Following completion of the training intervention, significant improvement in thoracic kyphosis angle and scapula alignment was observed. The scapula distance to the spine didn’t change after exercise and the shoulder girdle inclination showed insignificant improvement.
Due to limited access to therapeutic and corrective facilities, for patients with breast cancer, significant improvement in kyphosis and scapula alignment variables can be considerable, after short-term home based exercise program. Due to progressive changes in body posture following breast cancer treatment and insignificant changes in certain variables after intervention, corrective exercise intervention must be used for longer periods and during or immediately after breast cancer treatment.

Chronic low back pain (LBP) is a growing problem in many communities, but there is no consensus regarding the most appropriate therapeutic intervention. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of yoga exercises on intensity of pain and functional disability in female subjects with non-specific chronic LBP.
Thirty female with nonspecific chronic LBP (mean age ± SD; 36.6±4.7 years old) were chosen voluntarily and purposefully randomly and divided into two groups, the experimental (EXP=14) and controls (CON=16) groups. Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) for the assessment of pain intensity and Oswestry disability index questionnaire, abdominal and back muscle endurance, Back Performance Scale of functional disability were used for assessment of function. The EXP group performed yoga exercises for 8 weeks, three sessions per week. The control group remained sedentary. Data were determined with analysis of covariance, independent t test and paired t-tests at a significance level of α≥0.05.
Results of study showed that a period of 8-weeks yoga exercises caused a significantly decreased in pain, functional disability, Back Performance Scale and significant increase in abdominal muscle endurance, back muscles endurance in EXP group (P≤0.05). Also, there were significant differences between groups (P≤0.05).
Yoga exercises have significant effects in decreasing the pain and increasing function in women with non-specific chronic LBP.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of hot mineral water with that of pool water on kinesophobia, depression, and disability of middle-aged women with chronic low back pain.
In this semi-experimental and practical study, two groups of middle-aged female ranging from 45 to 60 years old were selected among whom treating in health centers and hospitals. Each group of 10 patients randomly divided into two experimental groups: In group I, patients were treated in the pool full of Spa water, in group II, the same protocol was used in pool water. Data was gathered using the Tampa scale for kinesophobia, Stanford Depression Scale, and Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire.
The independent t-test results showed no differences between two groups of hot mineral water and pool water in three variables of kinesophobia, depression and the disability (P≥0.05). But, paired t-test results showed significant differences between pre-test and post-test in two groups (P≤0.05).
Overall, the both types of water training have the effect on the variables but, no preference was observed in the type of intervention.

The aim of this study was to investigate of effects of sensory integration therapy (SIT) on gross motor disorders in children with spastic cerebral palsy. In this semi experimental study, 18 children with spastic cerebral palsy aged 5‒10 years were selected through convenient sampling. They were then randomly divided into two groups of control and experimental. Firstly, they were pretested with gross motor function measurement test (GMFM-88). Then the Ayres Sensory Integration trainings was executed for 15 sessions, 45 minutes each session for 5 weeks. During the execution of the program, the control group performed their usual activities. After the end of the program, both groups were post-tested. Data analysis was performed using multivariate variance and ANOVA. The results of this study showed the sensory integration therapy program made significant changes in gross motor disorders in spastic cerebral palsy children in experiment group but not in control group; (p

Several studies have revealed the effect of neuromuscular training on balance improvement of athletes suffering from chronic ankle instability; however, a few of them have addressed its combined effect with massage as well as its maintenance of effect. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the effect and maintenance of neuromuscular training with and without massage on balance performance in female athletes with chronic ankle instability.
The participants of this study comprised 24 female athletes suffering from chronic ankle instability whose age ranged from 19 to 26 years. The participants were selected equally from different ball sportsbased on convenience sampling. Moreover, they were randomly divided into two experimental groups: Group 1 (n=12) and Group 2 (n=12). Biodex Balance System was used to examine their balance. Group 1 had ankle massages followed by neuromuscular training, and Group 2 took neuromuscular training for six weeks; three successive sessions per week. Subsequently, there was a four-week break in order to scrutinize the effect of short-term maintenance, thus the variables were measured again. To analyze the data, Repeated Measures and ANCOVA were employed.
The findings of this study showed that there was a statistically significant difference between neuromuscular exercises with massage and those without massage (p0.05).
According to the results of the study, neuromuscular training with and without massage can improve athletes’ balance performance for a month of maintenance.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of training on core stability and proprioceptive neuromuscular trunk women's basketball elite.
Material and 30 Khorasan Razavi elite basketball players were randomly selected and divided into two groups of 15 experimental and 15 control subjects were included. The experimental group neuromuscular warm-up exercises for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, each session lasting 20-15 minutes and the rest went to 90 minutes of basketball were common practice. But common practice basketball for 90 minutes, the control group did. McGill in the pre-test and bearing-Sorensen to assess muscle endurance and proprioception goniometer to measure the trunk was used for the spine. After 24 neuromuscular training session, the tests were all 30 again. After pretest and posttest data collection in order to evaluate and compare the subjects of statistical methods to compare repeated measures within groups of t-test was used.
The results showed that in study on core stabilization exercises and proprioceptive neuromuscular trunk significant difference was observed between the two groups (05/0 P

Background and Osteoarthritis occur as a result of the destruction of the articular cartilage, and one of the oldest and most common diseases among the elderly. This study was done to Evaluation of a period of Traband training on knee Proprioception Changes in Older men with knee Osteoarthritis.
Population includes active older men with knee osteoarthritis in West Azerbaijan. 20 active man who paid at least twice a week to exercise, into two groups of 10 patients were randomly divided. Subjects for 8 weeks, three times a week program performed. Electro-goniometer was used to measure the knee Proprioception. To analyze data, independent t-test was used for evaluating results of between groups, and a Paired t test was used to check results from within groups.
Results of this study showed that, Comparison within groups, knee Proprioception (p = 0.0001) was a significant difference in the group Traband. In comparison between groups knee Proprioception (p = 0.013) there was a significant difference.
The Traband training significantly improves knee proprioception in active older men with knee osteoarthritis.

A dynamic balance assessment tests in individuals is star excursion balance test that up to now by installing eight-meter strip with a 45-degree angle to the ground and calculations were done manually. This approach reduces the accuracy and validity in addition to being time-consuming and greatly reduces the credibility of the assessment. The aim of this study was to design and construction, validity, inter-rater reliability and internal consistency test evaluation was star excursion balance.
The population study of male students formed the faculty of physical education in University of Tehran. In this study, 15 patients with an average age of 21/86±1/84 years, in order to test the validity and reliability of the devices involved. Pearson's correlation coefficient to determine the concurrent validity devices and ultimately to determine the reliability of the device, inter-rater reliability and internal consistency evaluation of Cronbach's alpha test (interclass correlation coefficient stratified) was used.
The results of this study showed that the device is made valid (r= 0/746) and reliability (ICC =0/961) was good.
Therefore, this device can be as valid tool easy to use and with minimal time to assess the balance of payments.

Earlier studies have reported that vision plays a major role in postural control; however the role of vision on balance recovery strategies has not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of visual information on selected balance recovery strategies.
For this purpose 15 elderly men participated in the study. Balance recovery strategies were recorded by six high-speed cameras after sudden movement of the treadmill. Paired t-test was used to compare variables in open and closed eyes conditions.
The results showed that the hip and ankle sway was significantly increased in closed eyes condition in response to anterior and posterior perturbations (P0/05).
In general, although the removal of visual information increased the hip and ankle sway, since there were no significant changes in ratio of ‘hip’ to ‘ankle’ sway, it seems that vision has not an important role in balance recovery strategies.