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Food Quality and Hazards Control - Volume:3 Issue: 4, Dec 2016

Journal of Food Quality and Hazards Control
Volume:3 Issue: 4, Dec 2016

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/10/19
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Editorial board
    Pages 118-121
  • H. Hasanvand, H. Moshtaghi *, A. Heshmati, M. Boniadian, M. Abbasvali Pages 122-127
    Background
    In order to avoid potential harm of synthetic additives food, development of novel functional foods containing natural ingredients is considered in current years. In this study, inhibitory effect of Echinophora platyloba Essential Oil (EO) on growth of Aspergillus flavus was evaluated in culture media and cheese.
    Methods
    E. platyloba EO was extracted by hydrodistillation method using a Clevenger-type system. Growth of A. flavus on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) culture media was assayed using an agar dilution method. The lowest concentration which inhibited the growth of A. flavus was considered as Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the lowest concentration of EO which eliminated the mold was taken as Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC). Mold spore suspension was inoculated on Iranian ultra-filtered white cheese and the means of two perpendicular diameters of the fungal colony was calculated. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS, Inc, Chicago, IL software (v.16.0).
    Results
    All concentrations of EO exhibited significant inhibition (p
    Conclusion
    This study suggested that the E. platyloba as a natural inhibitor was able to control the growth of molds in foods such as cheese.
    Keywords: Oils Volatile, Aspergillus flavus, Culture Media, Cheese, Food Safety
  • G. Eslami, L. Manafi, S. Peletto * Pages 128-133
    Background
    DNA extraction is one the most important steps for molecular analysis of food-borne pathogens. In this research, three methods of DNA extractions from beef harboring Sarcocystis spp. were compared for the quality, quantity, safety, as well as cost-effectiveness.
    Methods
    About 100 mg intersostal and diaphragm were collected from 10 slaughtered cattle. After ensuring their contamination with Sarcocyst using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with the specific primer pair, three methods of salting out, Phenol-Chloroform-Isoamylalcohol (PCI), and commercial kit were performed. Quantification, qualification, and amplification analysis of the extracted DNA was done using spectrophotometer, agarose gel electrophoresis, and PCR, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA test, by SPSS, Inc, Chicago, IL software (v.16.0).
    Results
    Qualification in all methods was appropriate but the ones related to salting out and PCI methods were the best in comparison with the ones from commercial kit. Quantification analysis indicated the mean concentration of 249.3±3.94, 67.8±5.1, and 31±2.7 ng/μl for PCI, salting out, and commercial kit, respectively. The purification analysis represented the mean ratios of A (260)/(280), 1.7±0.3, 1.63±0.2, and 1.81±0.6 for PCI, salting out, and commercial kit, respectively. No significant difference (p>0.05) was found between the yielded concentration and purification among three methods.
    Conclusion
    The commercial kit is expensive, but salting out and PCI methods are cost effectiveness, however the last is considered as a toxic method. Because, amplification in all methods was appropriate, we introduced salting out for molecular detection of Sarcocystis in beef.
    Keywords: Sarcocystis, Meat, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques
  • M. Hashemi, A. Ehsani, M. Aminzare *, H. Hassanzadazar Pages 134-140
    Background
    Herbal Essential Oils (EOs) are natural, volatile, and complex compounds that are defined by a strong odor. This study was conducted to investigate and compare antioxidant and antifungal properties of EO extracted from flowers and leaves of Origanum vulgare ssp. gracile from Iran.
    Methods
    EOs of leaves and flowers of O. vulgare ssp. gracile were extracted using a modified Clevenger apparatus and hydro-distillation method. In vitro antioxidant properties of the EOs were evaluated by 2,2- diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethyl benzo thiazoline-6-sulphonic acid, ABTS) assays and their antifungal properties were assessed against Aspergillus flavus and A. niger by agar disk diffusion and micro well dilution methods. The EOs exhibited both fungistatic and fungicidal activity against tested fungal species. Statistical analysis of data was performed using SPSS, Inc, Chicago, IL software (v.16.0).
    Results
    Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) values for A. niger and A. flavus were 200 and 100 µg/ml, respectively; however, the MFC values for the mentioned fungi were 400 and 200, respectively. The flower EOs had significantly (p
    Conclusion
    Although, antioxidant as well as antifungal efficacy of flowers EO was significantly higher than the leaves EO, both leaves and flowers EOs could be recommended as an antifungal preservative in food industries for their application in hurdle systems.
    Keywords: Origanum, Oils Volatile, Food Safety
  • M. Zarei *, A. Shahriari, F. Tarazoudar, M. Paknejad Pages 141-145
    Background
    Lactoperoxidase (LPO) is one of the most heat-stable enzymes in milk and its inactivation has been proposed for monitoring thermal processes. The aim of this study was to provide information on activity and thermal inactivation behavior of LPO in Iranian cow and buffalo milk and whey.
    Methods
    Sixty cow and buffalo milk samples were collected. The LPO activity was measured using spectrophotometer at 436 nm using a multimode microplate reader. Thermal inactivation behavior of LPO in milk and whey samples was investigated at temperatures 65, 70, 75, and 80 °C, using glass capillaries for quick temperature transfer. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (Chicago, IL, v. 16.0).
    Results
    LPO activity was slightly, but not significantly, higher in buffalo milk than in cow milk, where its activity was 4.15±0.13 U/ml and 4.02±0.1 U/ml in buffalo and cow milk, respectively. LPO activities in cow and buffalo whey were 16-19% lower than the respective values in milk, on average, 3.39±0.1 U/ml in buffalo whey and 3.36±0.08 U/ml in cow whey. No significant differences (p>0.05) were observed between thermal stabilities of LPO in both milk types. In addition, at all the tested temperatures, LPO was heater labile in whey than milk, in both milk types.
    Conclusion
    There were some variations in LPO behavior against thermal processing in cow and buffalo milk and whey. So, these findings could be helpful in further studies about monitoring thermal processes in dairy industries.
    Keywords: Milk, Whey, Lactoperoxidase, Food Analysis
  • M.M. Soltan Dallal *, M. Khalilian, H. Masoumi Asl, R. Bakhtiari, A. Davoodabadi, M.K. Sharifi Yazdi, P. Torabi Bonabi Pages 146-151
    Background
    Salmonella is one of the causes of food-borne illnesses worldwide resulting in a wide range of human diseases. The aim of this research was to study molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp. isolated from resident patients in Mazandaran province, northern Iran.
    Methods
    Totally, 51 stool samples were collected from patients in 20 outbreaks recorded in Health Care Center of Mazandaran province, North of Iran, during October 2013 to September 2014. Cultivation and biochemical methods were used for differentiation of Salmonella. Identified Salmonella isolates were confirmed with 16S rRNA PCR method and sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out for each isolate.
    Results
    Four of 51 samples (7.84%) were contaminated with S. enteritidis. Molecular analysis and sequencing verified the isolates. The delineation level for each isolate discrimination in subsequent analysis was set at 94% for the primer. All of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline, nalidixic acid, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. No resistance was found to cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, and ceftazidime.
    Conclusion
    S. enteritidis was the most frequent serovar among salmonellosis outbreaks in the Mazandaran province, Iran. Also, isolated S. enteritidis showed various rates of susceptibility for different antibiotics.
    Keywords: Salmonella, Molecular Epidemiology, Iran
  • I. Flehi, Slim, S. Boughattas *, Y. BelaId, Nouira, A. Sakly, F. Neffati, M.F. Najjar, Z. Haouas, H. Ben Cheikh Pages 152-156
    Background
    Malathion (MAL) is a choice insecticide in the stored grain in different countries. The aim of the present study is to evaluate toxicological effects of 30-day intake of MAL on the male reproductive system of Wistar rats.
    Methods
    This research was ethically approved by the local authority at Faculty of Medicine, Monastir, Tunisia. Three MAL treated groups received 1 ml corn oil containing 1.3, 13.7, and 137 mg/kg body weight/day, respectively. Body and testes weights, testosterone, Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) levels were measured. Histopathological sections were prepared from testes of animals and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and also Masson trichrome. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS for windows version 10.
    Results
    A meaningful decrease (p0.05) was found between body weight of control and treatment groups. All the three MAL-treated rats had significantly (p
    Conclusion
    Our study revealed that subchronic and relatively short time exposure of male Wistar rats to MAL can induce histopathological changes in testes and disturbance in sex hormones levels in a dose-dependent manner.
    Keywords: Malathion, Testis, Rats, Toxicology
  • M. Raeisi, M. Hashemi, M. Aminzare, M. Sadeghi *, T. Jahani, H. Keshavarzi, A. Jebelli Javan, M. Mirahahidi, B. Tepe Page 157