International Journal of Management, Accounting and Economics
Volume:2 Issue: 4, Apr 2015

Moving toward an open and competitive economy requires developing and supporting private sector and establishing small and medium-sized enterprises. This movement requires education, establishing job infrastructure, and knowledge transfer facilities in order to increase small and medium-sized businesses and also to develop entrepreneurship. These enterprises have affected world economy through four channels, i.e. entrepreneurship, innovation and change in technology, dynamism of industry, and eventually, creating job opportunities and increasing income. In the current study, the researcher tries to answer the question that “whether the innovation and marketing abilities, managers’ education, and work experiences have led to an improvement in small and medium-sized enterprises’ performances?” This research is performed using descriptive-survey method. The required information was collected by questionnaire, and descriptive and analytical statistical methods were employed in order to analyze the data by using SPSS. The results of the study indicated that there is a significant and positive relation between the innovation and marketing abilities, managers’ education, work experiences and the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises.

This study has been done with the aim to identify whether there is any earnings management in the financial information of the cement industry in Bangladesh. Data have been composed from the annual reports of listed cement companies in Bangladesh covering the period of five years from 2009 to 2013. A comparative time series analysis has been done along with the help of Beniesh Model. The study reveals that some companies involved with the earnings manipulation because there are signs of highly volatile revenue and operating profit. Since the scope of this study is to find out whether there any earnings management exists, an enormous scope for further researches are possible in this area to find out the factors influencing to earnings manipulation in the cement industry in Bangladesh.

Human Resource (HR) is most crucial, very important and sensitive factor used as an input for production. This factor was overlooked earlier for accounting purposes due to the availability of excess and unorganised manpower and relatively low cost. But after liberalization of Indian economy (in 1991) the importance of human resources were recognised. Although a little interest has been shown by professional accountancy bodies, like ICAI, ICSI and ICMAI on Human Resource Accounting (HRA) in Indian the importance is now given on HRA by public sector undertakings that have made pioneering attempts by disclosing Human Resource Values in their published annual reports. Similarly the other private companies are also disclosing the HR values in their financial statements. This paper seeks to present brief description of Concepts of HRA, analyse the disclosure in 5 major companies in India. The study also analyses the difference between the HRV, and to establish the relationship between Profitability and HRV with other predictor values like Net worth, Sales and EPS. By using ANOVA, Tukey post Hoc Test and multiple regression it was found that HRV and Sales are the predictor of Profitability in selected companies in India.

The objective of accounting is to provide useful information for the users of financial reporting. The information is considered useful if it possess qualitative characteristics. In this regard, it is very important to examine the relationship between qualitative characteristics and usefulness of information. However, a literature review doesn’t contribute much to judge about the relationship between qualitative characteristics and the usefulness of financial reporting. This study aims to investigate the effects of qualitative characteristics on the usefulness of financial reporting. In this study, we have used structural equations model (SEM) to analyze the data. The PLS, LISREL and SPSS software were used to test the model, research validity and research reliability, respectively. The information of the study sample consisting of 185 firms was analyzed during the period 2000 to 2013. Except for understandability, all other qualitative characteristics had an impact on usefulness. Conservatism also had negative effect on usefulness. Based on the findings, it is recommended to omit conservatism from qualitative characteristics. Besides, considering that relevance has a greater impact on the usefulness than reliability, so it can be concluded that the users of financial statements are looking for relevant information in their decision making process and information reliability is a matter of secondary importance. In this study, we have used structural equations model (SEM) to analyze the data. The PLS, LISREL and SPSS software were used to test the model, research validity and research reliability, respectively. The information of the study sample consisting of 185 firms was analyzed during the period 2000 to 2013. Except for understandability, all other qualitative characteristics had an impact on usefulness. Conservatism also had negative effect on usefulness. Based on the findings, it is recommended to omit conservatism from qualitative characteristics. Besides, considering that relevance has a greater impact on the usefulness than reliability, so it can be concluded that the users of financial statements are looking for relevant information in their decision making process and information reliability is a matter of secondary importance.

The purpose of this research paper is to examine the importance of cost control and the various cost control method used and their impact on the survival of Nigeria firms. We used primary and secondary data sources. The primary data were obtained using a structure questionnaire which was administered to 30 randomly selected staff as well as discussion with some targeted staff of Nigeria Bottling Company Plc (NBC) Jos plant, Plateau State of Nigeria. The scoring on the questionnaire was done using a five point Likert scale. The secondary data sources comprised of journal articles, books, newspaper articles, company financial reports and internet. The student t-test statistic and comparative percentage were used to test the hypothesis and the significance level was α=0.05. This research discovered that 70% of the respondents were of the view that cost control has greatly helped in boosting profitability in the company and 13.3% were undecided while 16.7% disagreed. Seventy nine percent of those discussed with, strongly agree that cost management has boost the profitability of the company while 7% disagree and 14% undecided. The study revealed that the problem of manufacturing company is the high cost of overhead incurred in the company. These costs are getting out of what the company could bear. The paper recommended that mechanisms for conducting value analysis (incorporating value engineering) should be put in place on a permanent basis; a good budgeting process should also be put in place to control cost; Just – in – Time (JIT) techniques should be employed to meet production and sales requirement in Nigeria Bottling Company Plc.

Sponsorship is a mode of communication that has led to the emergence of a growing body of literature. Most studies on sponsorship focused on the latter’s effectiveness yet were limited to the study of the influence of individual and situational variables. It was only recently that research on sponsorship had developed an interest in emotions. Some authors have addressed this issue from an empirical standpoint. The present article attempts to examine the impact of emotional reactions to a sponsored program on consumer behavior in terms of the attitude towards the brand and the purchase intention. The empirical study focused on the case of television sponsorship and specifically on sports programs in Tunisia. A survey was conducted on a sample of 200 individuals. The results show the positive effect of emotions on attitude towards the brand and the purchase intention.

A 180-point daily exchange rate series of the Uganda shilling (UGX) and the United States dollar (USD) covering from 25 August 2014 to 20 February 2015 is analyzed by seasonal Box-Jenkins methods. A time-plot of the series shows an upward trend indicating a relative depreciation of the UGX. A seven-day differencing of the series yield a series that is adjudged stationary by the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) Test. However, its correlogram contradicts a stationarity hypothesis. A non-seasonal differencing of this series produces a series adjudged as stationary and having an autocorrelation function that suggests two models, namely: a SARIMA(0,1,1)x(0,1,1)7 and a SARIMA(0,1,1)x(1,1,1)7. Diagnostic checking methods used to compare the two models reveal that the former model is the more adequate model. Hence it is proposed that the exchange rates follow a SARIMA(0,1,1)x(0,1,1)7 model. Forecasting might therefore be based on this model.