مجله تعامل انسان و اطلاعات
سال یکم شماره 2 (تابستان 1393)

Interaction in a digital library help users locating and accessing information and also assist them in creating knowledge، better perception، problem solving and recognition of dimension of resources. This paper tries to identify and introduce the components and elements that are used in interaction between user and system in search and retrieval of information in digital library. This paper investigate the different studies in the field of interactive search of digital library by the library approach and also identifies capabilities that can be used in digital library by the use of heuristic methods. The components of identified، interactive search including: 1. Interaction before search including using directories، applying ontology، and filtering. 2. Interaction in the time of search including annotation، suggesting the interactive terms by the use of subjective thesaurus. Syndicate list، colon searching، filtering. Interaction after search: motion، fragment، copying، collecting، cutting، segmentation، probing، rearrangement، re illustration، searching، visualization based on graph، personalization and recommendation systems. With perception of interaction and interactive search، the efficient design and evaluation of digital library can be done. The designers of digital libraries can use different interaction according their resources. Librarian also can familiar with different interaction and would be able to give their users necessary education until they can search and retrieval efficiently.

Collaborative information behavior (CIB) is strongly affected by contextual factors and in different contexts we can see various aspects of collaborative information behavior. In this study، we investigate the triggers and barriers of collaborative information behavior in an educational-medical context in Iran. This qualitative research uses grounded theory as research method. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty physicians (in Fellowship and Residency stages) in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science. the findings indicated that five main factors trigger collaborative information behavior، including lack of domain expertise، lack of time، information scatter، complexity of information needs and lack of immediately accessible information. The barriers that hinder collaborative information behavior in this context fell under five categories، technological، individual، team، educational structure and cultural barriers. Some of these triggers and barriers have identified in previous researches in different contexts. the results of this study showed that Lack of time was strongest trigger of CIB in physicians (in fellowship and residency stages). Then complexity of information needs، lack of domain expertise، information scatter and lack of immediately accessible information were the triggers that identified in this study. Also barriers that identified in this context are so important. In order to promoting CIB in this context the barriers should be analysed and resolved.

The present investigation was carried out in order to study the self-archiving behavior displayed by Knowledge and Information Sciences (KIS) faculty members in Iran. It intended to discover the incentives and barriers impacting on this behavior as well as arriving at a baseline for predicting the extent of self-archiving. A descriptive survey method was deployed. The population investigated، included all KIS faculty members affiliated with universities and research centers supervised by the Ministry of Science، Research and Technology in Iran. Based on self-reporting by the population studied، the extent of self-archiving is above average. Self-archiving in personal and corporate websites were more prevalent than institutional and subject repositories. Recognition component was the most important incentive and copyright consideration was the most important barrier to self-archiving by KIS faculty members. Among the 10 factors studied، only the professional recognition component was capable of predicting self-archiving of scientific output in open access websites. KIS faculty members in Iran welcome open access of their scientific works; but there is some obstacles such as copyright that removing it could help to improve current conditions.

Collaborative information seeking is an interaction among members of a group who purposefully try to access and share joint information. Although collaboration is a key component of information seeking behavior، but most of the studies in this area are focused on individual information seeking behavior and collaborative aspects are considered much less. As a result، there is a need for understanding conceptual features as well as supportive technical methods of information behavior in collaborative activities. The present review article has studied concepts and theories of collaborative information behavior using library method. In this research، firstly، the concept of collaboration is explained and differences with other concepts like communication، coordination and cooperation are explained. Moreover، the concept of collaborative information behavior and collaborative information seeking behavior are discussed from different viewpoints and suggestions are offered for future research. collaborative information behavior is one of the most important concepts in human information interaction studies and it can be known as dynamic activities in a group including searching، combining، publishing and producing information.

People refer to virtual information resources for answering their medical questions. One of these resources includes question and answering (Q&A) sites in medicine. This study aims to analyze health questions posted on the Yahoo Answers to identify health information needs، the motivations for asking questions، evaluation of information user satisfaction resulted from received answer، the reason of using answers، the using aspects of given information and the types of selection criteria people employ when they select best answers in Yahoo! Answers. A survey was conducted using an online questionnaire. Email invitations were sent to 1015 users of Yahoo! Answers and 100 users filled the questionnaire. Moreover، 500 questions، 50 from each health subject category، were subject to content analysis using MAXQDA. Having no cost، having fun and social connection in Yahoo! Answers constitute the most important motivations for using the health group of Yahoo! Answers. The findings show that “concise answers” is considered as users’ satisfaction factor. The findings showed that the concern about themselves، family، people who they care about، the lack of information and the knowledge gap، validating information from other people، the lack of social support، particularly insurance and income are among the main reasons for users to ask questions. Prevention and health promotion، turning the guesses to certainty، consultation before treatment، surgery، or taking certain medications constitute most of the cases users use from the received answers of the questions. The Socio- emotional value was particularly a prominent criteria from User-Perspective in this study for selecting the best answer. According to this research، it was found that natural cure and remedies، orthodontics، losing weight methods، loosing fats، skin diseases and how to treat them، foot pain and the related problems، male genitalia، the use of eye lenses، menstruation and the problems related to the sleeping constitutes the most categories of subjects in the health part of Yahoo! Answers. The results show that most of the questions are related to a particular disorder or disease like general information، the symptoms، causes، diagnoses، treatments، prognoses of the disease.

There seems to be a conceptual link between some theories of human information behavior. These links exist because some of these theories have been derived from same theories in similar fields or have a same approach in theorizing. In this paper 3 theories of information behavior (information poverty، information overload and social capital) have been discussed and compared. Chatman’s information poverty theory pays attention to the cultural/behavioural aspect of the phenomenon and clarifies that membership within a social group contributes to information poverty. Information overload describes the situation in which one feels anxious and stressed due to encountering to too much information. Social capital is rooted in social network analysis and explains how the social resources inside one’s network influence the success of achieving desired information. Both information poverty and information overload point out information avoidance، where there exists information but access to it is restricted. Social capital and information poverty both focus on the role of social structure in information seeking and the importance of trust in society. Libraries can generate social capital by presenting some social programs to help users overcome their information overload and poverty.

Image، as a kind of information vehicle which can convey a large volume of information، is important especially in medicine field. Existence of different attributes of image features and various search algorithms in medical image retrieval systems and lack of an authority to evaluate the quality of retrieval systems، make a systematic review in medical image retrieval systems field necessary. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of papers on medical image retrieval systems appeared between 2000 and 2011.

The major scientific databases (Medline، Scopus، Webof Knowledge (ISI)، and Google Scholar) were searched، using standard keywords in English between 2000 and 2011. All papers reviewed using standard critical assessment and grading and papers with more than half of the quality scores were considered as qualified to enter to the next stage. Then، the data in selected studies were extracted and classified.

Eighty sixreviewed papers were classified into 3 categories. The first category introduced new medical image retrieval systems (40%) and the second category presented a new framework for the major medical image retrieval systems (45%) and the last category was about medical image retrieval systems evaluation (15%). However، the growth rate was increasing during the period and the most papers published in 2009. The CBIR systems were used more (66%) and then hybrid systems (20%) respectively.

Applying medical image retrieval systems with Decision Support Systems (DSS) and other information and computer technologies can help clinicians to present a better service and can help them in diagnosis as well. Meanwhile، these systems can be very useful in education and research، the medical image retrieval systems can be more successful if they are designed for a specific field and based on new and modern image features.