مجله آموزش و سلامت جامعه
سال پنجم شماره 1 (بهار 1397)

Today, Health Literacy (HL) is recognized as an important indicator of healthcare outcomes and costs, and the healthcare system's requirements, having high levels of HL. HL is widely considered as a determinant of health and a priority in the on the agenda of the Public Health Policy. Low HL is associated with a low level of health, wider inequalities and higher health costs. HL empowers people to play an active role in changing environments for influence on health. These broader HL concepts reflect the view that HL is not just a personal responsibility. Health systems, services, and health care sectors should provide the necessary facilities for improving HL at a wider level of the population.

patient education plays an important role in improving their quality of life. The collaborative care model is a new method of self-care training and this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of collaborative care model on the quality of life and Metabolic Control Indexes in patient with type 2 diabetes. In this semi-empirical project 60 patients with type 2 diabetes were studied who referred to the clinic of Jiroft hospital. they were selected based on convenience sampling in 2015-2016. To implement a collaborative model that included four stages of motivation, preparation, engagement, and evaluation, patients were divided into 4 groups and participated in each group for 3 months.The information was gathered by questionnaire, The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software with Wilcoxon, Mac-Nemar and t-paired tests at a significant level of 0.05. After performing the Collaborative care model, the total mean quality of life increased from 50.7 ±5.7 to 68.3 ±5.2. The results of Wilcoxon test showed a significant difference in care and Metabolic Indexes (P The implementation of this model also improves the Quality of Life and Metabolic Indexes. Therefore, the use of Collaborative care model as an effective model for educating patients with type 2 diabetes is recommended.

The Internet can be a useful and effective, and sometimes due to inappropriate use, endangers the mental health of users, and this has been the case in recent decades as one of the addictive factors.One of the effects of this addiction is to cause depression among people. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between internet addiction and depression among secondary school students. The research method was descriptive-survey-correlational. The statistical population consisted of second grade high school students in Kordokhi city in the academic year of 2016-2017. The The participants were 288 based on Morgan sampling table which were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method.The instruments were Beck Depression Inventory and Young's Internet Addiction Questionnaire.spss version 21, software was used to analyze the data. To analyze the data using t-test, one-way ANOVA and Spearman correlation coefficient. The results of this study showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between addiction to internet and student's depression (r=0.324 At a significant level of 0.001), which is not significant between girls and boys. The largest use of virtual networks has been from Telegram (an average of 40.29), then from both (average of 39.53) and eventually Instagram(average of 37.80). Considering the significant relationship between Internet addiction and depression among students, it is recommended to design and implement educational programs for students, school parents and parents.

One of the important determinants of health in every society is health literacy. The present study conducted with the aim of determining health literacy status of employees of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences and related demographic factors. The study was a cross sectional study that performed in 2016 in 188 employees in Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Employees through stratified sampling method enrolled in the study. The data collection tool was Health Literacy for Iranian Adults (HELIA), which completed through self-report. Data were analyzed using chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient, one-way ANOVA and linear regression tests by SPSS software version 22. The mean of age of employees was 36.84 years. The most of participants )74.5%( received health-related information through the Internet. Among of the five dimensions of health literacy, the comprehension dimension of health information was more desirable. The highest correlation coefficient between health literacy dimensions was related to the relationship between comprehension and decision-making (r = 0.582, p Overall, the results of the study showed that the average health literacy of employees was border line. It seems that interventions based on demographic characteristics are required to improve the health status of employees.

Currently, the effect of oral and dental condition on patient's quality of life and daily activities is an important issue in dentistry practice. This study aimed to “evaluate the relationship between malocclusion and oral health-related quality of life among high school-pupils. In this cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study, 192 high school students in city of Ahvaz, aged 18-14 years were selected through random multi-stage cluster sampling and included in the study in 2016. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire, Oral Impact on Daily Performance (OIDP) and Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 applying descriptive and inferential statistics. The Mean of the quality life of the samples was 6.48 ± 19.47, and generally, oral situation of the 26.6% of samples affected their quality of life. Most activity affected by oral situation with 15.6% was smile, and then, with 9.9%, was emotional situations. The relationship between QOL score and the dental health component of IOTN index was not significant (p= 0.13), but, there was a significant correlation between the quality of life and the aesthetic component of IOTN index (p=0.004). Given the importance of oral health in improving the overall quality of life, and since the results of this study showed that the patients are not in good condition in terms of quality of life, considering the various aspects of social and psychological situation of oral and denta hygiene in delivery of dental services, to enhance the overall quality of people's lives, is recommended.

Due to the impact of health literacy on physical and mental aspects, and also the life quality of human being, this study aimed to survey the relationship between health literacy and the rate of addiction among women in fertility ages in Tehran. This cross- sectional study was carried out on all women of fertility age in first three months of 1396 visited the addiction treatment centers in Tehran and suburb, in which among these, 141 subjects were chosen in census available sampling method and randomly assigned for evaluation. To evaluate the rate of health literacy of the studied samples Health Literacy Questionnaire of Montazeri et al (2014) was applied. To measure the prevalence of drug addiction was considered participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS software using parametric statistical tests and ANOVA test. The significance level of all tests was 0.05. The average health literacy of the participants was 65.11 percent. The dimensions of evaluation with 31.5 percent and understanding with 17.82 were the highest and lowest of the dimensions of health literacy respectively. The result showed there was positive significant relationship between health literacy and the rate of addiction among women in fertility ages.

Health literacy includes a collection of skills which enables the individuals to read, hear, analyze and applying these skills in health issues. Using these skills by women improves health and happiness of the family and the community. The aim of this research was determine of health literacy level among women attending to urban health centers of Zanjan city in 2016. In this descriptive- analytical cross-sectional study, 323 women among those attend in Zanjan urban health centers were selected using stratified random sampling. Data gathering tool was a standard questioners called as short test of functional health literacy in adults (S-TOHFLA). Collected data were analyzed by software SPSS version 21. The mean age of respondents was 30.38, which 39% of them had university degrees. Studied women assessed as insufficient, 29.6%, borderline 22.3% and 50.1% sufficient in health literacy respectively. A significant relationship was found between educational level (P The results revealed that only half of the women had sufficient health literacy. Considering the critical role of women in preserving and promoting the health of their families and community, it is necessary to plan in order to improve the health literacy of this important group.

Traffic and transport, as a political and social phenomenon, play an important role in the quality and socio-economic structure of a society. This phenomenon is one of the foundations for modern urban life and the social needs of populations. The aim of this study was to identify the viewpoints of urban residents and key informants in Sanandaj on the impacts of urban traffic and transport on the social determinates of health (SDH). It was a qualitative study with conventional content analysis approach. The method of sampling was purposeful. Data collection were conducted through 4 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) (including 22 residents) and 8 In-depth Interviews. MAXQDA10 was applied for the purpose of data management. The SDHs that we found to be negatively impacted by Sanandaj urban traffic and transport included socio-cultural factors (recreation and free times, daily work trends, the safety of within-city commuting, tobacco use, and education) and environmental factors (vegetation, antiquities, soil, food and water status, noise pollution, urban aesthetic status, and total environment). Urban traffic/transport stakeholders and health policy-makers as well as health professionals in Iran should pay much more attention to the impacts of urban traffic/transport plans on health and its determinants. Comprehensive health impact assessment of the urban traffic/transport in Iran seems to be necessary.

Pregnancy is one of the most important stages of women's life, which results in significant physical, mental and social changes. Therefore, empowering pregnant women to adapt to these changes is necessary. Child birth preparation classes have been designed and conducted for this purpose. This study conducted to review the studies on the effect of child birth preparation classes on empowering Iranian pregnant women. By using keywords in 12 valid databases and the Google Scholar search engine, relevant articles published up to the beginning of April 2017 were selected and reviewed. A total number of 96 potential papers were identified. The abstracts and full-text of identified papers were screened to determine eligibility. Finally, ten studies were selected for systematic review. The results showed that there exist statistically significant difference between interventional group and control group for tiredness, daily activities, back and pelvic pain during pregnancy, postpartum depression and duration of admission. In addition, there was a significant statistical difference between the two groups in duration of active labor and the second stage of labor, Intensity of anxiety, self-efficacy, birth weight, satisfaction rate and normal vaginal delivery rate. Totally, 81.46% of women in the intervention group and 55.88% of women in the control group had normal vaginal delivery. This systematic review showed that education in child birth preparation classes were effective in empowering pregnant women. Therefore, encouraging mothers to participate actively in these educational classes and also development of these classes are recommended.