فصلنامه سلامت اجتماعی و اعتیاد
پیاپی 18 (تابستان 1397)

Many people do not know why and how other people depend on substances. They may mistakenly think that those who use substance lack ethics and will, and they can easily cut off substance use by their choice. Substance-dependence is a complex disease whose process of withdrawal usually requires more than intention and will, and like any other disease, it needs care and treatment. Similar to any other illness, the patient needs to have a strong support network during treatment, in order to achieve improvement and success in the treatment. Social capital is one of the supporting factors in this regard. Social capital is a network of relationships and connections based on interpersonal and intergroup social trust and the interactions of individuals with groups, organizations, and social institutions that provide the required energy to facilitate actions for individual and collective ends. The presence of supporting factors such as social capital to prevent and combat addiction and recovery from it is necessary. In fact, it can be said that the success of the socialization of combat narcotics depends on social capital. Research evidence also highlights the role and importance of social capital in preventing addiction and combatting narcotics. Therefore, the comprehensive and true recognition of the phenomenon of addiction and planning in order to increase social capital and supporting factors can lead to more and more planning and success in the socialization of combatting narcotics

The current research was performed aiming to train spirituality based on Islamic teachings on resilience and social adjustment in substance-dependent individuals. This study was an experimental research conducted in the form of pretest-posttest with control group. The population under study consisted of substance-dependent individuals in the Methadone Addiction Treatment Center of the city of Ghorve (Nikoosalamat) in 2013. At first, the sample size included 90 substance-dependent individuals referred to the addiction treatment clinic who were selected based on simple random sampling. Then, the number of 30 individuals who had received the lowest scores in the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and the Social Adjustment Scale (SAS) were selected and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 9 two-hour spirituality sessions, but the control group received no training. The CD-RISC and the SAS were applied to collect data, and covariance analysis was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that the mean of social adjustment scores in the posttest of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of posttest scores in the control group and, in other words, adjustment was increased. Also, the mean of resiliency scores in the posttest of the experimental group was significantly higher than the mean of posttest scores in the control group. It can be concluded that the training of spirituality with emphasis on the teachings of the Islamic religion can be used to significantly increase the level of resilience and social adjustment in substance-dependent individuals

The prevention of substance abuse requires serious participation of people and governmental and non-governmental sectors. Addiction is the cause of many social problems and issues. With regard to the transformation of drugs and addiction into the tools of soft war and threats to national security on one hand, and the country's significant resources especially in cultural areas on the other hand, if the community approach is adopted to prevent addiction opposed, there will be no choice but to support NGOs. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate a community approach to addiction prevention with emphasis on the facilitating role of Andisheh Mehr local mental health center in the city of Mahmoud Abad, near to the city of Shahin Dej. The documentary-library method has been used in this research. Also, the present research addresses some interventional patterns and procedures in the area of addiction prevention carried out by the center. People can help prevent addiction by emphasizing the positive role of their community or neighborhood in the fight against drugs through different ways such as enhancing their sensitivity to drugs and their harms, increasing the level of knowledge and awareness about the various types of substances and risks of consumption, and establishing spontaneous groups of combating addictive substances. The success rate of addiction prevention institutions depends on the extent to which these institutions provide necessary backgrounds and bases for the participation and attendance of people and NGOs and present essential trainings on how to participate in the implementation of prevention plans and programs. It seems that the use of a community approach in combating drugs can be an effective step in preventing addiction

Addictive approaches and models introduce various factors as effective factors in tendency to addiction. The methodology of this research was library and documentary. Addictive approaches and models were assessed by reviewing scientific findings and analytical and theoretical approaches. Each model emphasizes the perception of addiction or specific addictive behaviors through tendency to addiction and different factors in its continuation. The socio-environmental model mostly knows addiction as the reflection of environmental factors such as poverty, low socioeconomic status, social pressures, association with crooked people, etc. The psychological model considers addiction as the result of failure in the will of the substance-dependent individual, and the genetic and hereditary model looks for the response from a biological point of view. Since each of these models has presented one-dimensional and imperfect views, some experts have moved towards integrating these explanations and have proposed a bio-psycho-social model. Of course, in recent years, spirituality dimension has also been added to this model. Based on this model, addiction is the result of the intersection of biological, psychological, social and spiritual factors. Addiction as a social harm shapes along with problems such as unemployment, poverty, divorce, etc under the influence of psychological reasons of a person established in the context of family, association with peers, and society, requires serious attention and volition to reduce its harms due to its superabundant consequences in the country’s economic-politic system. Therefore, it is better to plan for the prevention and treatment of addiction considering biological, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions. The most important feature of this model is its comprehensive and holistic look at human

Social health is considered as one of the dimensions of health and plays an important role in reducing social harms. The present study aimed to compare social health in substance-dependent and normal individuals. The research was a causal-comparative study. The sample consisted of 100 (50 normal, 50 substance-dependent) individuals who were selected based on the inclusion criteria of the research and by using convenient sampling method. The research tool was Keyes Social Health Questionnaire (2004). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance. The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that there is a significant difference between the components of social health in substance-dependent and normal individuals, so that substance-dependent individuals had lower levels of social health (social prosperity, social solidarity, social cohesion, social acceptance and social participation). Overall, the results indicate that substance-dependent individuals have problems with social health and promotion of social health in cooperation with different sectors of society should always be considered by authorities, specialists and the entire community

Addiction has always been influenced by several factors, one of which is the emotional problems. According to recent studies, addiction is known as the dark side of emotions. The main purpose of the present research was to examine the relationship between emotion and addiction. This overall goal is divided into three investigating the role of emotion regulation processes and their impacts on the types of addiction, assessing the role of expressing, processing, and suppressing emotions in addiction, and evaluating the association of types of emotions with the substance used in substance-dependent individuals. To accomplish these goals, validated articles were used in which the relationship of emotion and addiction has been assessed. In addition to dealing with the role of emotion regulation and expression, the present review study also examined the representation of various types of emotion in addiction by reviewing numerous articles. The effectiveness of emotion-based therapies has also been assessed. Finally, this research proposed an effective treatment modality to reduce the harm caused by addiction by presenting a model of the emotional trend of the onset of an addiction disorder. A model of preventive and therapeutic interventions in substance use disorder has been presented considering the role of emotion. Based on this model, emotion regulation, taking into account the biological, psychological and social dimensions, plays an important role in the prevention of addiction. Therefore, by teaching emotion regulation since childhood and adolescence, it can be prevented from turning them into substance abuse

The present research aimed to investigate the impact of documentary films (with the content of abusing substance and psychotropic drugs) on the youth attitudes toward addiction. The statistical population included all adolescents in Bandar Abbas, of whom 20 were selected by convenient sampling method. First, all participants were taken pretests by using the Opium Attitude Questionnaire (OAQ), then six documentary clips regarding narcotics and psychotropic drugs were shown for participants in six sessions along with questions and answers. At the end of six sessions, participants again responded to the OAQ. The results of t-test showed that there is a significant difference between the mean of posttest pretest and posttest scores of participants. In other words, after showing documentary clips, the participants’ attitudes were changed and their attitudes toward addiction became largely negative. Overall, it seems that showing documentary films affects the attitude of adolescents toward substance abuse and the broadcasting organization can make the adolescent attitudes negative toward addiction, and also can reinforce their negative attitudes toward addiction