نشریه مطالعات دین، معنویت و مدیریت
پیاپی 10 (پاییز و زمستان 1395)

The study at hand has been done with the goal of examining the effect of managers’ amiability on the promotion of positive organizational behaviors of office workers. The research method is descriptive and correlational. Through stratified sampling, 172 office workers of Bu-Ali Sina University were selected randomly for the study. To collect data for the research, two standard questionnaires of managers’ amiability and positive organizational behaviors were used. After being collected, the research data was analyzed using the statistical softwares of Lisrel and SPSS. The results showed that pledge fulfillment, sympathy, engagement and good disposition have a positive significant relationship with the positive organizational behaviors; however, observing the right and justice, and mind expansion did not have a significant relationship with the positive organizational behaviors. As a result, of the effective factors on the promotion of positive organizational behaviors of office workers is the consideration of managers’ amiability in the universities.

Research on decision-making confirms the models which are based on “limited rationality’, and through presenting rational-intuitive models it attempts to introduce intuition as a complementary and supplementary tool. The concept of intuition in the West is close to a temporary imagination and insight which has no definite mode and is different from the present knowledge. Based on image theory, attitudes, morality and individual ideals are effective in intuitive decision-making, and religion is also a reference which gives form to the above factors. Thus, for explaining the status of revelation in rational-intuitive decision-making, the collection of Islamic teachings and doctrines are derived based on Quran and Sunnah which has influenced the 9-stage process of rational decision-making and has an impact on intuitive decision-making. For this, through the diagnostic and oriented qualitative analysis, various sources are searched from which 130 related elements are derived, and are classified based on three categories of beliefs, ruling, and moral values. According to the findings of this research, if intuition only supports the ration in achieving the result and choosing the solution, one can be guided in all stages of rational decision-making through beliefs, rulings and Islamic values. The teachings of revelation accompany the ration and play the role of its guide in the process of decision-making, and influence the individuals’ judgmental experiences, and their values and ideals.

Some models have been put forward on the organizational piety so far; however, from the Islamic point of view, a specific research has not been done for presenting a proper model in the field of management and organization. This article attempts to present a model for the organizational piety from the Islamic point of view. For this, after reviewing the previous studies and also examining the present models, through referring to 4 specialist experts of management and 7 specialists of Islamic knowledge, first, 71 factors were derived and, then, it was tried to recognize the priority of the efficient factors and eliminate 15 unrelated factors. In the third stage, 56 factors were determined by the experts as the factors of Islamic piety according to the Islamic point of view. After choosing the faculty members and office workers of Arak public university who were 503 in total as the research population and selecting 174 participants through the systematic random sampling, the designed questionnaire was put to test. By the use of factor analysis, 5 factors were identified which, according to the opinion of the experts, were named as “personal traits and talents”, “good relationship, “obedience and serventhood, “knowledge and experience”, and “patience”.

The capability of managers for cooperating with people from different cultures is only possible by identifying the cultural differences of nations and ethnicities. One of the new constructs in psychology and new management is the recent concept of “cultural intelligence” which includes many required aspects of effective activity in diverse cultural situations. In addition to mentioning the theoretical basics of cultural intelligence and the dimensions and criteria for the assessment of cultural intelligence from the viewpoint of new schools of thought and Western thinkers, the study at hand attempts to examine the basics, principles, meanings, and dimensions of cultural intelligence from the viewpoint of Imam Ali (AS) to clarify how the scope, effects, and roots of this intelligence have been taken into account in the discourse of Imam Ali (AS).
This review indicates that the subject of cultural intelligence from the viewpoint of Imam Ali (AS) has a comprehensive and broad arena which is inseparable from the spiritual factors like God, the hereafter, faith, morality and certainty, and has invariable and definite basics. This view is in contrast with the new instrumental look to the subject of cultural intelligence which lacks the value-based, divine, and spiritual factors, principles and basics. Of course, these differences in definitions are rooted in the contrast of basics, and this contrast itself also, in turn, is due to the difference in sources.

To be able to find a valuable meaning in life and all its aspects, one needs a new construct of intelligence named as spiritual intelligence. From all creatures, only humans possess spiritual intelligence. Spiritual intelligence is one of the main and essential ingredients of effective leadership, particularly the transformational leadership, which influences the strategic decisions of the organization. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of the spiritual intelligence in the success of a transformational leader. The research method in the study at hand is descriptive in purpose and application, and survey in data collection. The data of the study is collected from 180 office workers and managers of Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance with stratified random sampling, and the propositions and conceptual model are put to test using Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Structural Equation Modeling, respectively. Findings of the study show that the conceptual model of the study has a good fitting, and the relationship between the role of the spiritual leadership and the transformational leadership is positive and significant. Considering the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the increase of spiritual intelligence brings about the increase of transformational leadership, and leaders, using the features of spiritual intelligence, can influence the thoughts and beliefs of the office workers and guide their followers towards transcendental goals. Leaders can change their behavior and management fundamentally and, by this, cause transformation in the organization and fundamental changes in the behavior of office workers.

In the present-day competitive atmosphere, organizations and entrepreneurs have figured out that they must shift the focus from the material source to their intangible knowledge and sources in order to be able to compete with their rivals in the present status. So for the management, proper use and utilization of these intangible sources, organizations need to use a concept named knowledge management whose application brings them a competitive advantage.
With paying little attention to the special nature of knowledge and also that today the very knowledge determines power and power is at the hand of someone or a group which possesses the knowledge, there are many ethical issues around knowledge and knowledge management. Privacy protection, intellectual property, data protection against theft and distortion, trust, fairness, justice, accuracy, accessibility, intellectual capital protection, freedom of information, national security, etc. are among the issues that can be mentioned.
From another aspect, it can be mentioned that knowledge management is a systematic concept whose successful administration needs a comprehensive and holistic look. For this, in addition to paying attention to its positive features, applications and advantages, one must also pay a special attention to another aspect of knowledge management, i.e. ethical issues. In fact, in today’s world it is information and knowledge that is the source of strength for people and organizations, and, inevitably, it involves subversive and immoral acts whenever it comes to power.
It should be mentioned that many studies have been done in different countries about the ethical issues of knowledge management; however, little research has been done on this in our country, Iran.
Regarding the aforementioned, the researcher tries in this study to examine the available texts, documents, articles and books on the ethics in the field of knowledge management in Iran and at the international level.

The first question that the researchers of different fields of study face is what to study. The researchers of the field of Islamic Public Management also encounter this question. So designing the study fields in different subjects is one of the concerns of those scholars who work in meta-theoretical fields. In the article at hand, the author attempts to design the conceptual framework for the study map of Islamic Public Management. At the end, key challenges confronting the production of knowledge in this field are explored.