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Analytical & Bioanalytical Electrochemistry - Volume:8 Issue: 1, Feb 2016

Analytical & Bioanalytical Electrochemistry
Volume:8 Issue: 1, Feb 2016

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1394/12/22
  • تعداد عناوین: 10
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  • Volodymyr V. Tkachs., Iacute, Lvio C. De Oliveira*, Fauze J. Anaissi, Reza Ojani, Ulises Paramo, Garcia, Olga Yelenich, Petro I. Yagodynets Pages 1-11
    The mechanism for the electroanalytical function of the cobalt oxy-hydroxycompound in the electrochemical oxidation of oxalic acid was suggested. The mathematical model, describing this process, has been developed and analyzed by means of steady-state stability theory and bifurcation analysis. The behavior of the system was compared with the behavior of analogous systems. The steady-state stability requirements and oscillatory and monotonic instability conditions have been obtained. These instabilities may be caused by surface and electrochemical factor. The oscillation frequency and amplitude are pH-dependent, and the first parameter grows with pH. The pH-range of electroanalytical sensing efficiency was also derived and it is corresponding to moderate alkaline solutions.
    Keywords: Cobalt oxide, hydroxide, Electrocatalytic oxidation, Mechanistic analysis, Oscillatory behavior, Stable steady, state, Bifurcation analysis
  • Selvaraj Mohana Roopan*, Rajesh Sompalle Pages 12-28
    Lithium ion battery said to be a disposable batteries which contains lithium metal/ compound as anode. When compared to the other batteries, it has high charge density and cost effective. Based on the coating materials and design the lithium cell can produce voltages from 1.5 to 3.7 V. In this review, we would like to give an outlook on cathode and anode coating materials such as LiCoO2, Al2O3, LiMn2O4, LiFePO4, LMNO, Orthosilicate, Carbon anode, and transition metal oxide.
    Keywords: Lithium ion batteries, Cathode, Anode, Coating materials, Transition metal oxide
  • Hadi Beitollahi*, Roghayeh Yoonesfar Pages 29-37
    A novel carbon paste electrode modified with NiO/CNTs nanocomposite and an ionic liquid (n-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluoro phosphate) was fabricated. The electrochemical study of the modified electrode, as well as its efficiency for voltammetric oxidation of naproxen, is described. The electrode was also employed to study the electrochemical oxidation of naproxen, using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and square wave voltammetry as diagnostic techniques. Square wave voltammetry exhibits a linear dynamic range from 7.5×10−7 to 8.0×10−4 M and a detection limit of 1.2×10−7 M for naproxen.
    Keywords: Naproxen, NiO, CNTs nanocomposite, Drug analysis, Ionic liquids, Carbon paste electrode
  • Deepti S. Nayak, Nagaraj P. Shetti* Pages 38-50
    The electrochemical oxidation of a food dye, fast green FCF has been investigated at a glassy carbon electrode using voltammetric techniques. The dependence of current on pH, concentration, scan rate and excipients was investigated to optimize the experimental conditions. According to the linear relation between peak current and the fast green concentration, differential pulse voltammetric method for the quantitative determination in spiked urine was developed. The linear response was obtained in the range of 30 μM to 0.2 mM with a detection limit of 0.8 μM. The proposed method was applied for the detection of fast green in food and urine as a real sample.
    Keywords: Fast green FCF, Voltammetry, Electrochemical studies, Glassy carbon electrode
  • Marianne Nebsen, Christine M. El, Maraghy*, Hesham Salem, Sawsan M. Amer Pages 51-63
    Two sensitive and selective polyvinyl chloride (PVC) matrix membrane sensors were developed and investigated for determination of the cationic drug Quetiapine Fumarate (QTF) in pure form, in plasma and in presence of its two related compounds namely Quetiapine N-oxide and Des-ethanol Quetiapine. The two sensors (Ι and ΙΙ) were developed using sodium tetraphenyl borate as a cation exchanger with dioctyl phthalate (DOP) as a plasticizer. Selective molecular recognition component, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), was used as ionophore to improve the selectivity of sensor II. The proposed sensors had a linear dynamic range of 1×10-6-1×10-2 mol L-1 for sensor Ι and 1×10-7-1×10-2 mol L-1 for sensor ΙΙ with Nernstian slopes of 27.50±0.45 and 39.85±0.3 mV/decade for sensors I and II, respectively over the pH ranges of 2.5-7. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines. Statistical comparison between the results from the proposed method and the results from the reference HPLC method showed no significant difference regarding the accuracy and precision.
    Keywords: Quetiapine Fumarate, Ion selective electrode, Membrane sensors, Cationic exchanger, Related compounds, Plasma
  • Ramincheraghali*, Mustafa Aghazadeh Pages 64-77
    Ultrafine M(OH)n (M=La, Gd, Ni and Co) nanoparticles were electrochemically deposited from an additive–free M(NO3)n (0.005 M) low-temperature bath on a steel substrate at the constant current density of 1 mA cm−2. Heat–treatment of the prepared M(OH)n nanoparticles at 700oC led to formation of the oxide nanoparticles. The morphologies, crystal structures and compositions of the prepared products were determined by means of scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FT-IR spectroscopy. The results showed that the prepared M(OH)n samples are composed of ultrafine particles with the size of about 5 nm. After heat–treatment, the obtained products were well–crystallized phases of oxide nanoparticles with a size of around 10 nm. It was concluded that low-temperature cathodic electrodeposition offers a facile and feasible way for the preparation of ultrafine particles of metal oxides and hydroxides.
    Keywords: Metal oxide, Metal Hydroxide, Nanoparticles, Cathodic electrodeposition, Heat, treatment
  • Deepa G. Patil, Naveen M. Gokavi, Atmanand M. Bagoji, Sharanappa T. Nandibewoor Pages 78-91
    Electrochemical oxidation of tramadol at pencil graphite electrode has been investigated using cyclic, differential pulse and square wave voltammetric techniques. In pH 9.2 phosphate buffer, tramadol showed an irreversible oxidation peak at 0.77 V. The dependence of the current on pH, concentration and scan rate was investigated to optimize the experimental conditions for the determination of tramadol. Differential pulse voltammetry was further exploited as a sensitive method for the detection of tramadol. Under optimized conditions, the concentration range and detection limit were 1.0×10−7 to 1.5×10−6 M and 0.38 ×10−8 M, respectively. The proposed method was applied to determine the tramadol assay in pharmaceutical samples and human biological fluids such as urine as a real sample.
    Keywords: Voltammetry, Tramadol, Pencil, pH, Electrochemical, Tablet
  • Farnoush Faridbod* Pages 92-103
    An all-solid-state polymeric membrane electrode (ASS-PME) has been constructed for the analysis of Verapamil (VP) which is a calcium channel blocker used in the management of angina, arrhythmia and hypertension. The PME element of the ASS-PME has been based on the application of an ion-pair sensing reagent and the results revealed the best sensing behavior to occur in the case of compositions of 6%wt VP-tetraphenyl borate (the sensing element), 62%wt dioctyl phthalate as the solvent mediator, 30%wt poly(vinyl chloride) and 2%wt of an ionic liquid. The ASS element, on the other hand, is made of a composite of graphite, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and epoxy resin coated on a Cu wire. The response behavior of the ASS-PME device was found to be linear from 1.0×10-7 to 1.0×10-3 M, with a slope of 55.3±0.2 mV/decade and a detection limit of 7.0×10-8 M was reached under the optimal conditions. The device was also successfully used in the real sample analysis.
    Keywords: Verapamil, Sensor, All solid state, Potentiometry, Pharmaceutical formulation
  • Chandrabhan Verma, Mumtaz A. Quraishi* Pages 104-123
    the Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1 M HCl has been investigated using three dendrimers by means of gravimetric, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) techniques. Results showed that inhibition efficiency increases with increasing concentration of dendrimers. Among the studied inhibitors, the DENDs-G2 showed maximum efficiency of 96.95% at 25 concentrations. The potentiodynamic study revealed that investigated dendrimers act as mixed type inhibitors. EIS plots indicated that the addition of dendrimers increases the charge-transfer resistance (Rct), decreases the double-layer capacitance (Cdl) of the corrosion process, and hence increases inhibition efficiency. The adsorption of the dendrimers on the mild steel surface in acid solution obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Moreover, the thermodynamic activation parameters for the corrosion reaction were calculated and discussed in relation to the stability of the protective inhibitor layer.
    Keywords: Dendrimers_Mild steel EIS_Corrosion_1 M HCl_SEM_EDX
  • Morteza Hosseini* Pages 124-135
    An all-solid-state ion selective electrode (ASS-ISE) has been developed and used for the selective determination of Cu(II) in the presence of interfering species in complex samples. The device is composed of a conductive graphite-epoxy resin composite coated on a copper wire to act as the ASS, which is further coated with a Cu(II) selective PVC membrane, containing 30% PVC, 60% 0-nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE), 3% of sodium tetraphenyl borate, and 7% of 2-(1՛-(4՛-(1՛՛-Hydroxy-2՛՛-naphthyl)methyleneamino)butyl iminomethyl)-1-naphthol as the selective ion-carrier (L). The behavior of the device revealed that it has a Nernstian response of 29.7±0.2 mV/decade over a rather wide concentration range from 1.0×10-8 M to 1.0×10-3 M and the ASS-ISE could be used down to detection limits as low as 5.5×10-9 M. Further evaluations of the electrode proved it to have a good selectivity for Cu(II) as opposed to different commonly occurring interfering ions. The applicability of the ASS-ISE to the analysis Cu(II) concentration in copper electroplating waste water samples with complex matrices was also evaluated and found to be viable.
    Keywords: All solid state, Potentiometry, Copper, Sensor, Waste water