نشریه مرتعداری
سال دوم شماره 2 (1394)

The purpose of this study is to preparation soil properties map using geostatistical methods in Taleghan Miany rangeland. In order to, the units sampling was prepared by the combining of slope, aspect, elevation and geological maps of the area. In each unit, sampling was done by the systematic –random method and was stationed 3 transects 150 meters. Overall, Number of 30 soil samples were collected from a depth of 0-30 cm. Maps of the soil variables that including of sand, clay, silt, lime, pH, electrical conductivity and organic matter variables was used with point kriging, block kriging, Inverse Distance Weighting and Normal Distance Weighting methods in the GS and GIS software environment. We was used a cross-validation method using the Mean Bias Error, Mean absolute Error and Root Mean Squar Error to assess the accuracy of the methods. The results showed that, there is very little difference in values accuracy and error between two method of block kriging and point kriging of the silt, sand, lime, clay and pH variables, And are more suitable than other methods for the estimating these variables. Also, high accuracy was related to EC and OM maps which was obtained by the method IDW. Error values obtained for EC variable the least amount of MAE (0.028), MBE (-0.006), RMSE (0.038) and for OM variable the least amount of error MAE (0. 59), MBE (-0.13) and RMSE (0.71). NDW method has the highest estimation error for all variables.

Vegetation maps are considered as fundamental tool of managing vegetation. Several methods of vegetation mapping are suggested, each of one has founded on some basic information and so has different accuracy. One of this method called geomorphological method that the aim of this research is to investigate its accuracy. In this research, three maps of geomorphological facies, land-forms and lithology were considered as independent and vegetation map (physiognomic-floristic) was used as independent in a model of multi-layer perceptron neural-network to predict the pattern of vegetation distribution. the results showed that the model can explain 39.1% of the variation of vegetation map and land forms of the study area. This was not the case for all vegetation types and land forms so that Sparse forest (sparse oak forest) and Astragalus morinus -Acantholimon festucaceum - Acanthophyllum bracteatum with 64.4 and 61.5% had the highest whereas, agricultural lands and gardens, which only cover 0.3% of the study area, with 1.2% had the lowest prediction power discernibility respectively. Generally, it can be concluded that the method had relatively acceptable results in predicting vegetation distribution. However, moderate prediction accuracy of the model could be related to other affective factors (not considered in this study) such as soil and climate, accuracy of input variables, incompliance of the current situation with potential due to anthropological affects,low resolution because of overlapping of ecological niche of vegetation types and land cover. Therefore, we recommend that this method should be used for discrimination of relatively natural and intact vegetation type.

One of the main problems of rangelands is that they are not used based on their potential and suitability, this has led to the rangeland degradation. Range suitability is the state that a grazing pasture can be used over many years without vegetation and soil resources damage The most important work in rangeland management is rangeland suitability assessment. In this study, the suitability of Furg Darmiyan rangeland for sheep grazing was assessed using three factors including forage production, water resources and sensitivity to erosion. Thus, interested maps were prepared and ranked using a hierarchical-fuzzy approach. The final rangeland suitability map was plotted using a weighted linear combination. The findings showed that low forage shortage resulted from consecutive droughts, topography, steep slopes, shallow soils and erosion can be mentioned as the most important limiting factors of sheep grazing in the study area. Overall, the results indicated the ability of multi-criteria decision-making approach in producing suitability maps which are more reliable and agreed with the ground truth.

Rangeland ecosystems stability comes from a proper management of resources which would be themselves possible just by being familiar with different management and utilization methods. As far as grazing duration is one of important factors in rangeland management, effect of grazing duration along growing season in simmer and rural rangelands of a steppe area in Yazd province , named Shavaz, has been studied in this investigation.Therefore a systematic random sampling due to the dominant life form and homogenity of vegetation with taking 30 plots of 2 quadrat metre area along 10 transects in both sites of rural and summer rangelands in three time intervals of beginning , in the middle and at the end of growing season has been done and measured.In each plot , list of species, canopy cover and number and production of plants were measured and there were analyzed data by two-way variance and Duncan test in the SPSS software. Results indicate significant decrease (p

This study was carried out to evaluate 10 Stipa hohenackeriana populations based on forage and seed yield. Population seeds were collected from natural habitat of Esfahan province and were examined in a field condition using a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Yield and yield components of seed and forage were studied. Populations showed significant differences for all traits. Rahmat abad Khansar had the highest forage and seed yield (1140 and 160 kg/ha, respectively). The first sixth components determined 97% of the total variation. Number of seeds in spike, spike seed weight, Plant height in spiking and spike length in spiking were the most important traits in the first component, seed weight of shrub, seed length and seed yield the second component, leaf length, stem height in maturing and canopy the third component, Shrub dry weight and forage yield in the fourth component, spike length in seed maturity 1000 seeds weight in the fifth component and dry weight/wet weight in the sixth component were important. Populations were classified into 3 groups and Rahmat abad Khansar, Soh, Ghalee Shahrokh and Gardane mola ahmad populations introduced as superior for forage and seed yield. The distribution of the populations based on (PCA) analysis was in agreement with cluster analysis results. Based on the results there is enough genetically variation between populations for seed and forage yield. Therefore it can use in restoring grasslands by selection indices and improvement programs.

Each species during the grazing season and in different years has specified production.livestock in any point of grazing season and in different years had Consumes a certain amount of forage That according of conditions and varies races are different.In order to investigate the growth characteristics and production and forage consumption in different stages of vegetative by livestock This project was carried out in Rangeland Changouleh at five-year.Therefore, in early growing season the production of forage species inside enclosed components and residual forage in fields grazed by livestock, harvested at intervals of one month.And the difference between them, the amount of consump for each species was determined.This action continued until the livestock departure from rangeland. Finally, in order to study the effect of year and month of harvest on production and consumption of species under consideration in the study area, the data were obtained and analyzed.growth of species Hammada salicornica was in most years in April and production of it between 14 to 51 kg per hectare, which consume between 6 and 12 kg.finally these species has 9.7 percent relative production and 5.1 percent relative consumption in rangeland.Analysis of variance showed that year has a significant effect on the production and consumption.

Pasture-based livestock systems are managed based on traditionally systems and value added of this part of natural resources has been taken serously. According that rangelands by supplying some part of forage need for livestock, has an important role in livelihoods and household economies of pastoralists in response to their livlihood need in Hejar-Jarib Behshar. The necessary data collected from 56 beneficiary households and 3 villagers and flocks. Financial analysis of livestock husbandry activities, finatial balance livestock contains gross revenue, livestock costs, net income, livestock production and operation time of using rangeland forage has been studied and then total economic value of livestock production evaluated. Average daily net income in Sorkhgrive, Kolya and Paband etimated respectively 423300, 423170 and 476800 rial. Also forage production of the rangelands estimated 2756.5 per hectare. By considering necessary forage, it was found that there was lack of 142 kg forage per hactare that needs to import forage. So, the results showed that traditional animal husbandary income wich are only dependent to rangelands forage were not sufficient to the economic needs of range managers. Finally the effective factors on animal production has been analysed in the view of beneficiaries.