Journal of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics
Volume:3 Issue: 2, Spring 2017

Hypocholesterolaemia is a major risk factor associated with coronary heart diseases, so consumption of low-fat and low-cholesterol foods has been recommended by the medical society. The current study aims to explore the effect of different diets with cream and yogurt butter on the triglyceride and cholesterol level of rats.

Yogurt butter and Sweet cream butter were produced and fatty acid profile measured using gas chromatography then atherogenic index was calculated. The rats were divided into three groups with one group being fed with pellets as the control group and the other two with pellets mixed with 10% cream and yogurt butter respectively (as the experimental groups) for 4 weeks. Total plasma cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) concentration was analysed using the CHOD/PAP and GPO/PAP methods. LDL-C and HDL-C were measured with colorimetric method.

The results of the study showed insignificant difference in the triglyceride of the treated rats. The yogurt butter diet resulted in lower total cholesterol than the other diets. The rats fed with the yogurt diet had high density lipoprotein. Atherogenic index and conjugated linoleic acid showed a significant difference between treatments, and yogurt butter was the best recommended diet. Thus, low cholesterol butter production along with high conjugated acid content is feasible by optimizing the process method and application of lactic acid bacteria.

This study showed that the traditional butter because of mild effects on health in comparison with the industrial ones is recommended, although consumption must be advised in moderation.

Propolis is one of the hive products which has a wide clinical usage due to variety of bioactive components. This clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of propolis supplementation on glucose metabolism and inflammation.

In the 8-week randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial, registered patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to propolis group (n = 30) and placebo group (n = 30). The first group received a propolis capsule (500 mg) 3 times a day. The second group received the same therapy but a placebo capsule. Fasting blood samples were obtained .The liver enzymes, inflammatory indices and glucose-related indicators were measured at the beginning and end of the study.

Compared with the control group, the propolis group showed remarkable changes in fasting plasma glucose (propolis -19.8±29.16; placebo 0.7±27.8; P = 0.01), two-hour postprandial glucose (propolis -27.42±44.5; placebo -0.95±42.7; P = 0.001), Hemoglobin A1c (propolis -1.07±1.6; placebo 0.03±1.5; P= 0.041), insulin (propolis -1.65±4.3; placebo 0.04±4.02; P 0.03), HOMA-IR (propolis -1.08±0.7,placebo 0.03±0.42, p=0.044), TNF-α(propolis -2.67±4.1,placebo 0.12±4,p=0.025) and C-reactive protein (propolis -2.5±3.01,placebo -0.67±2.84,p=0.031), . Furthermore propolis reduced the mean of AST (propolis -1.62±10.4, placebo 0.13±11.07, p=0.12) and ALT level (propolis -0.61±6.47, placebo 0.12±7.01, p= 0.54), but it was not significant.

Propolis treatment in type II diabetic patients has a beneficial effect on improving the glycemic profile and inflammatory status. However, there was no significant change in the level of AST and ALT enzymes that more studies need to be done on this.

The study was done to evaluate the relationship between dietary intake of some macronutrients, carotenoids, vitamins C, E, A, selenium and risk of cataract.

In this case-control study, dietary intake of 97 cataract patients and 198 controls was assessed using a valid semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Cataract was diagnosed using a slit-lamp examination and defined as any lens opacity in either eye. The associations between risk of cataract and quartiles of macro and micro nutrient intake were investigated using logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).

After modifying the effects of confounding variables, the risk of cataract was significantly lower in the highest nutrient intake quartile category relative to the lowest quartile category for fruits ( OR= 0.15; 95% CI= 0.05-0.30) and vegetables ( OR= 0.20; 95% CI= 0.08-0.40). We found significant inverse associations of cataract with higher dietary intake of vitamin C (OR= 0.22; 95% CI= 0.09-0.54), alpha-caroten (OR=0.24; 95%CI=0.10-0.58), beta-caroten (OR=0.15; 95%CI=0.05-0.39), lutein/zeaxanthin (OR=0.19; 95%CI=0.08-0.45) and beta-cryptoxanthin (OR=0.05; 95% CI=0.01-0.15).

High daily intakes of fruit and vegetables and some dietary antioxidants might be associated with a decrease of cataract risk in Tehran, Iran.

Prinzmetal angina is a kind of angina that recognize with elevating the S-T in electrocardiogram in rest status. Diet diversity has been recommended to achieve the adequate nutrient intake.

Until now little studies investigate diet diversity and nutrients intake in prinzmetal angina patients. This case–control study was aimed to assess the association between diet diversity and prinzmetal angina incidence in Emam Khomeini hospital of Ardebil in Iran.

Using a pretested questionnaire, energy and nutrient intakes were measured using three day 24-h recall. Dietary diversity was measured by summing the number of food groups consumed over 12 weeks. Normally distributed continuous variables were reported as the mean ± SD. Independent sample t- test was used to compare differences between quantitative variables. The diet diversity scores in prinzmetal angina patients were 3 ± 0.025 and in health persons were 4.5 ± 0.053. There was a significant differences in micronutrient intakes and diet diversity score between groups (p

Increasing diet diversity in this group can be an important approaches in declining the clinical symptoms of Prinzmetal angina.

Oryzatensin (ORZ) is a digestion refractory and bioactive peptide, which is isolated from rice. In the current manuscript, we investigated the effect of ORZ on the growth of gut microbiota.

Ten apparently healthy subjects were enrolled in the current ex-vivo study. Casual stool specimens were obtained from the subjects, then Enterobacteriaceae, Bacilaceae and probiotic bacterial families were isolated using MAC, MYP and MRS selective agars, respectively. The effect of exposure with different concentrations of ORZ (10-4, 10-5, 10-6 and 10-7 M) on the growth of these bacteria was evaluated using standard curve-fitting method, instead of standard qualitative methods such as MBC and MIC, due to the absence of detectable optical differences among the wells. All of the exposures were done in 96-well plates. After exposure to ORZ, the bacterial quantity was measured by evaluation of the suspensions turbidity at 492- 630 nm. The bacteria were cultured without ORZ, as control.

The study results revealed ORZ had an antibacterial effect and negatively controlled the growth of all isolated species compared to the control group. The inhibitory effect of ORZ was most significant at the dose of 10-7 M (not significant at 10-5 and 10-6 M and significant at 10-4 M) for Bifidobacteria and 10-4 M for Enterobacteriaceae, Bacilaceae and Lactic Acid Bacteria.

The findings of current study reveals that ORZ and possibly rice reduce colonic bacterial total count. Moreover, regarding the carcinogenic effects of final metabolites of the enteral bacteria (either probiotics or other bacteria) such as free radicals on sigmoid cancer, ORZ and rice may have an anti-neoplastic effect.

Regarding the axial role of systemic inflammation in countless human pathologies including cardiovascular disease (CVD), evaluation of the possible relation between posteriori dietary patterns and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations could be particularly informative.

This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the association between a posteriori (analysis on available empirical data without a priori hypothesis) derived dietary patterns and serum CRP levels in subjects more than 18 years old.

MEDLINE, EMBASE and Google Scholar were searched for articles published up to March 2015 that examined the association of dietary patterns and CRP levels. Two independent reviewers performed study selection, quality rating and data extraction. Effect sizes of eligible studies were pooled using random-effects models (the DerSimonian-Laird estimator). We assessed the potential sources of heterogeneity using the standard χ2 test.

Overall, 16 studies that used a posteriori approach found eligible for inclusion. The highest category of Healthy/Prudent patterns compared with those in the lowest category resulted in non-significant decrease in CRP (mean difference (MD: -0.30; 95% CI: -0.63 to 0.032)(p =0.076)) while excluding one study as outlier showed significant decrease in CRP (MD: -0.18; 95% CI: -0.29 to -0.08; p =0.001). Pooled results indicated higher levels of CRP (MD: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.18; p

The results of the present meta-analysis provide evidence that a Healthy/Prudent pattern decreases CRP level while adherence to Unhealthy/Western pattern may lead to higher levels of CRP in adults.

Up today no validated short food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) exists to estimation of nutrition dietary intake of Iranian adults also previous validated Iranians FFQs belongs to specific diseases such as cancer or diabetes or consist of more than 180 questions. We aimed to assess the validity and reproducibility of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) which consists of 65 questions to study the nutrient intake and dietary pattern therewith cardiovascular disease risk factor in a pilot study.

Thirty individuals, aged 35-65 years completed a short semi-quantitative 65 item FFQ assessing diet over a six-month period, as well as 24 hour dietary recall (24 HR).

Reproducibility in food groups was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficients and Inter-class correlation (ICC). Pearson's correlation coefficient varied between 0.05 for legume up to 0.73 for dairy products with a mean 0.51 and likewise for ICC, fluctuated between 0.05 for legume up to 0.73 for grains with a mean 0.5. The mean ICC and Pearson's correlation coefficient for validity in food groups were 0.39 and 0.47. Also, the validity and reproducibility of questionnaire was assessed for nutrients. The mean Pearson correlation coefficient, ICC were assessed sequentially 0.42 and 0.36 for validity in nutrients and reproducibility in nutrients assessed by Pearson's correlation coefficients 0.59 and ICC 0.62 (P

Our results indicated that this questionnaire provides a reasonable measure of macronutrients and micronutrients. However questions which related to consume legumes and protein intake need further investigation and it is recommended that further research with larger population and more 24HR in future.