فهرست مطالب

Iranian Journal of health, Safety and environment
Volume:1 Issue: 3, Summer 2014

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1392/05/26
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
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  • Torkshavand Z., Gholami M.*, Farzadkia M., Esrafili A Pages 101-110
    The discharge of heavy metals into the aquatic ecosystem is a main concern over the last few decades. These pollutants are introduced into aquatic systems as a result of various industrial operations. This study investigates the efficiency of the modified glass beads with APTES ligand for removal of Cu2+ from the aqueous solution.Response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken was used to assess the effect of independent variables, including flow rate, solution pH, initial concentration and glass beads size on the response function and prediction of the best response value. Atomic absorption spectroscopic analysis of eluents of a column of the modified glass beads showed that Cu2+ ion was more than 90% entrapped on a column of glass beads. The isotherm evaluations indicate that the equilibrium data for Cu2+ adsorption could be fitted with the Langmuir model. Experimental data were also evaluated in terms of adsorption kinetics using the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The results also showed that the adsorption process of the Cu2+ well suited with the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. All the results demonstrated that modified glass beads successfully absorbed heavy metals from aqueous solution.
    Keywords: Heavy metals, Modified glass beads, Response Surface Modeling, Box–Behnken experimental design
  • Mohammad Javad Assari, Abbas Rezaee *, Ahmad Jonidi Jafari, Abdolrahman Bahrami Pages 111-116
    Mercury is a toxic، persistent، and bio-accumulative pollutant that has adverse effects on environmental and human health. Various studies have been conducted to monitor different forms of mercury. The objective of this study was to develop a novel setup for assessing gas phase elemental mercury vapor adsorption using colloidal gold nanoparticles solutions that display a characteristic surface plasmon resonance absorption peak in the visible spectrum. The UV-VIS-NIR spectrographs of gold nanoparticles blue shifts after exposure to mercury vapor. The surface plasmon resonances (SPR) of ∼4 and ∼30 nm gold nanoparticles were appeared with the sharp peaks at 515 and 528 nm respectively. The mercury vapor adsorbed in gold nanoparticles was related to the size. The amounts of mercury vapor adsorbed per grams of ∼4 and ∼30 nm gold nanoparticles solutions were obtained 1100 µg•g-1 and 1300 µg•g-1 respectively. A proposed novel setup based on UV-Vis spectroscopic undertaken to provide simplicity، use facilitating، potentially inexpensive، and sensitive enough is a suitable system for mercury vapor capture in many fields. It was demonstrated that the amount mercury adsorbed has been related to the sizes of gold nanoparticles. The color change was observed، when elemental mercury vapor adsorbed on the gold nanoparticles.
    Keywords: Mercury, Gold nanoparticles, Surface plasmon resonance, Adsorption, UV, Vis spectroscopy
  • Mohammad Malakootian, Hossein Jafari Mansoorian*, Ahmadreza Yari Pages 117-125
    Dyes are an important class of pollutants and disposal of them in precious water resources must be avoided. Among various methods adsorption occupies a prominent place in dye removal. The aim of this study is to evaluate adsorption of dye Reactive Red 198 and Blue 19 (RR-198 & RB-19 (on to Aloe Vera plant ash from aqueous solutions. In this research Aloe Vera ash was prepared at laboratory conditions and then after shredding، screened by ASTM standard sieve with 60 -200 mesh sizes and the effects of pH (3-12)، adsorbent dose (0. 1-1 g/L)، contact time (10-60 min)، initial dye concentration (10-160 mg/L) and temperature were investigated in the experiment. In different samples Dye concentration was measured by spectrophotometer at 592 nm and 520 nm wavelength for RR198 and RB19 respectively. Also the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were determined in order to describe the relations between the colored solutions and the adsorbent. The results of this study showed that acidic conditions were more conducive to enhance the hydrolysis rate than basic ones as the decomposition was optimum at pH 3. The adsorption rate of RR-198 and RB-19 dyes was increased by increasing of initial dye concentration، increasing of adsorbent dose in 0. 1 to 0. 4 mg/L. Dye solution was decolorized in a relatively short time (20 min). The efficiencies for RR-198 and RB- 19 reactive dyes were 82. 68% and 90. 42% respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) has been found to be 80. 152 mg/g for RR-198 reactive dye and 88. 452 mg/g for Blue 19 reactive dye. Adsorption isotherms were examined by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm that finally showed the Freundlich multilayer isotherm has better accordance with dates. The results indicate that Aloe Vera ash plant as a natural and inexpensive adsorbent is a suitable adsorbent for the adsorption of textile dyes.
    Keywords: Agricultural waste, Aloe Vera leaves ash, Dye RR, 198, RB, 19, Adsorption Isotherms
  • G. Goudarzi, S. Geravandi, A. Naimabadi, M.J. Mohammadi*, Ak. Neisi, S. Sadat Taghavirad, F. Filban Pages 126-131
    Carbon monoxide is an odorless، colorless and toxic gas that emitted from combustion. Carbon monoxide can cause harmful health effects by reducing oxygen delivery to the body''s organs (like the heart and brain)، tissues، fibrinolysis effects، abortion and death at extremely high levels. The aim of this study was to assess health- effects of carbon monoxide exposure in Ahvaz city. Data were collected through Ahvaz Meteorological Organization and Department of Environment. Raw data processing by Excel software includes (instruction set correction of averaging، coding and filtering) and after the impact of meteorological parameters was converted as input file to the Air Q model. Finally، health-effects of carbon monoxide exposure were calculated. The results showed that the concentration of carbon monoxide was 7. 41 mg/m3 in Ahvaz as annual average. Sum of total numbers of deaths attributed to carbon monoxide was 16 cases within a year. Approximately 4. 3% of total Cardiovascular deaths happened when the carbon monoxide concentrations was more than 20 mg/m3. This could be due to higher fuel consumption gasoline in vehicles، Oil industry، steel and Heavy industries in Ahwaz. Mortality and Morbidity risks were detected at current ambient concentrations of air pollutants.
    Keywords: Carbon monoxide, Cardiovascular deaths, Mortality, Morbidity, Ahvaz
  • Alighardashi. A., Rashidi.A., Neshat. A. A.*, Golsefatan.H.R Pages 132-137
    In recent years the increasing use of pharmaceuticals and personal-care products (PPCPs), especially antibiotics, has become a particular concern because of their undesirable potential ecological and human health effects. This study presents an environmental risk assessment for the aquatic environment of some frequently used antibiotics in Iran in three stages including; a short literature review about antibiotic consumption in Iran, a comprehensive estimation regarding acute toxicity of selected antibiotics and finally calculation of Risk Quotient (RQ) using the predicted environmental concentration (PEC) and the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC). According to recently published data, the consumption of antibiotics in Iran is several times greater than European countries and in case of antibiotics (e.g. Penicillin) is approximately 10 times greater than Scandinavian region. The calculated PECs were ranged from 0.0071 to 0.8570 and the PNECs value based on ecotoxicity data was found for all studied antibiotics (varied from 0.0037 to 177). The RQ exceeded one for Amoxicillin, Penicillin G, Sulfamethoxazole, and Erythromycin. Amoxicillin has the highest risk to aquatic organisms based on this study. With respect to the emergence of microbial resistance, it is important to begin monitoring the most frequently used antibiotics
    Keywords: Antibiotics, Iran, Environmental risk, water pollution, Environmental toxicity
  • Albooghobeish Masoumeh, Neisi Abdolkazem*, Fattahi Mostafa Pages 138-144
    Nitrous Oxide gas can affect the patient and also cause chronic complications in operating room staff in the short term. In the current survey, we measured the Nitrous Oxide gas levels in the operating room of the educational hospitals of the Ahvaz Jundishapur Medical University.576 samples were taken from 32 operating rooms through 4 months. Sampling was done in 3 different working times (8:30-9:00, 10:30-11, 12:30-13:00) from 6 different sites in the operating room. Portable infrared spectrophotometer was used for measuring the concentration of nitrous oxide. The apparatus was calibrated by Nitrous Oxide gas capsule before each reading.Variance analysis was used to compare the means of Nitrous Oxide levels between places of sampling in the operating rooms. There was a significant difference between these amounts (p≤0.00). Then LSD analysis was used to locate the variation factor. The exhaust of the anesthesia machine was the most noted place (p≤0.0001) and the other places did not show significant differences. There was a significant difference between measurements recorded when the air-conditioning system was on or off and if there was an air-conditioning system or not. These differences were observed at all the measurement times. According to the results from the current study, levels of Nitrous Oxide in operating rooms were higher than that recommended by international organizations (25 ppm) and it appears that exposure to this amount of gas could be potentially harmful for staff. It is recommended to take special safety measures and prevent the gas to be increased in the operating room using air conditioning and proper ventilation of the room.
    Keywords: Nitrous oxide, Anesthesia gas, Operating room, measurement, Ahvaz
  • Homa Kheiri, Hosseinmoshfegh *, Hossein Hatami, M. Ranjbarian Pages 145-150
    Musculoskeletal disorders may be observed in all industries and professions and most of these disorders are related to the back, upper and lower extremities of the body organs. In Pharmaceutical industry, almost lack of standard ergonomic conditions and sometimes can cause outbreaks of diseases and musculoskeletal disorders in various parts of the body. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between musculoskeletal disorders and working on the packaging section of the pharmaceutical industry. The Nordic questionnaire and Rula method were used for collection of data and 392 workers were selected as the subjects of study. Based on the results of this study, (28.5%) of workers working in Packaging Unit complained of severe pain and discomfort in their neck, (23.7%) in their shoulder, (27.9%) in their hand and wrist and (33.2%) complained of severe pain in their back. The results indicate that workers in this industry could show musculoskeletal disorders based on age, education, gender and working conductions.
    Keywords: Musculoskeletal Disorders, Ergonomics, WMSDs (Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders), Back Pain, Shoulder Pain