فهرست مطالب

Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports
Volume:3 Issue: 2, Spring 2016

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/02/28
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
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  • Morteza Mirzaei, Sina Azami, Reyhaneh Sariri, Ali Mohammad Latifi Pages 387-393
    Organophosphorus Compounds are highly toxic chemicals that have application in production of warfare agents and agricultural pesticides. Detoxification of areas that have been exposed to these types of materials is of vital importance and several approaches have been used for this purpose. Biodegradation of organophosphates is one of these approaches that is in the center of attention due to its high performance and environmental friendly nature. The key component in this approach are enzymes. Like many other industrial processes that employ enzymes, biodegradation of organophosphates has its own limitations. During recent years researches have focused on addressing this limitations and devising new ways to overcome them. One possible method is improving enzymatic formulations to gain decontamination systems with better detoxification efficiency. Immobilization has also been exercised in many ways to answer some of shortcomings in biodegradation of this compounds. Here, we will review enzymatic formulations of Organophosphates degrading enzymes with specific focus on polymer based approaches and immobilization techniques.
    Keywords: Organophosphorus Compounds, Nerve Agents, Biodegradation, Enzymatic Formulation, Enzymatic Immobilization
  • Keyvan Nasirzadeh, Shahram Nazarian, Seyed Mohammad Gheibi Hayat Pages 395-402
    Recent investigations have been shown that inorganic nanomaterials including gold nanoparticles, nonporous and mesoporous silica nanoparticles, magneticnanoparticles, and quantum dots have shown great potential in bioimaging, targeted drug delivery, and cancer therapies. Biocompatibility, ease of synthesis, and ease of surface functionalization are among the significant properties of nonporous and mesoporous silica nanoparticles in various nanomedicine applications. Quantum dots due to their high brightness, long-lasting, wide and continuous absorption spectra, and high fluorescent quantum yield are being used as the new optical probes for bioassays. In addition about gold nanoparticles, the ease of preparation, stability, low cytotoxicity, and high extinction coefficient of light from visible to NIR regions are some properties that introduced them as important candidates in cancer drug and nanocarrier development. As a specific type of inorganic nanomaterials, magnetic nanoparticles that exhibit superparamagnetic are capable of being used as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging, site-specific gene and drug delivery, and diagnostic agents in the presence of an external magnetic field. This review will present the physicochemical properties of most popular inorganic nanoparticles and their recent applications in sensing and drug delivery.
    Keywords: gold nanoparticles, nonporous silica nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots
  • Peyvand Amiri, Daryush Arabian Pages 403-411
    In this paper, to address the effect of reactor performance and configuration of biodiesel production on subsequent process parameters (including mass & energy consumption, required facilities etc.) two diverse biodiesel production processes (from plant oil) were implemented/designed using Aspen HYSYS V7.2. Two series reactors were taken into account in these designs where in the first and second processes, the overall conversion were set to be 97.7% and 70% respectively. Comparative analysis of results showed that in the second design, further amount of 10% oil and 28.16% methanol were obtained; furthermore, cold and hot energies were increased to almost 204.48% and 151.74% respectively, while amending merely a few numbers of facilities like distillation tower and heat exchangers. To reduce mass & energy consumption, mass/thermal integration method was employed. In the mass integration, the optimum operation condition and the reduction of material loss were the major points of focus; while in thermal integration, designing of exchanger network using pinch technology were followed out. Moreover, applying integration method showed that in first design, material, cold/hot energy were decreased by 49.81%, 17.46% and 36.17% respectively; while in the second design, oil, methanol, cold energy and hot energy were decreased by 9%, 60.57% 19.62% and 36.58% respectively.
    Keywords: Biodiesel, Heat Exchanger Network, Pinch Technology, Process Design, Thermal, Mass Integration, Vegetable Oil
  • Fathollah Ahmadpour, Bagher Yakhchali, Seyed Safa Ali Fatemi, Ali Asghar Karkhane, Samira Talebi Pages 413-418
    Lipases are versatile biocatalysts with a wide range of application in food, dairy, leather, paper, pharmaceutical and detergent industries. In this study, mesophilic lipase gene from an indigenous Bacillus pumilus F3 that already its gene had been sequenced and identified, was cloned and expressed in methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris and codon translation of lipase gene was evaluated in P. pastoris under control of two different promoters (alcohol oxidase (AOX1) and glyceraldehid phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH) promoters). In addition, the expression conditions of recombinant lipase F3 was optimized in P. pastoris expression system using BMMY medium at pH=3 ,26ºC in 0.75% methanol. The lipase gene of 648bp with natural signal peptid sequence from B. pumilus F3 and the codon optimized lipase gene cloned and expressed in methylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. The lipase gene was excised from the recombinant plasmid with BamHI, EcoRI enzymes and ligated to the pPIC9 and pGAP9 linearized with the same enzymes. The recombinant plasmids were confirmed by the PCR and restriction enzyme digestion. The Bgl II linearized Ppic9 and pGAP9 recombinant plasmids were introduced into the yeast P. pastoris GS115 genom by electroporation and confirmed by PCR. Lipase expressing yeast was cultivated in a 250-ml shaking flask containing medium expression. Expression of lipase gene was confirmed using p-nitrophenyl palmitate test and SDS-PAGE. Codon optimized lipase produced as well as native gene and lipase expression was low in both. Also, these results suggest that protein structure is more important than codon preference in expression of proteins such as lipases.
    Keywords: Lipase, Pichia pastoris, Bacillus pumilus F3, codon translation, expression
  • Mozafar Mohammadi, Peyman Bemani, Neda Zarei Pages 419-424
    Phage ELISA is a common method to confirm binding of obtained phages from phage display technique to related antigens. Enzyme-conjugated antibody directed against the major capsid protein (pVIII) or enzyme-conjugated secondary antibody against the primary antibody is used as a detection system in phage ELISA. We have suggested to express an acid phosphatase (SapM) enzyme on M13 pIX minor coat protein directly, and evaluated this hypothesis using insilico techniques. We believe that decreasing the antibody layers in phage ELISA will significantly increase the reliability and reproducibility of the test and reduce its time.
    Keywords: Phage ELISA, M13 pIX, SapM, Acid phosphatase, Molecular modeling, Molecular Dynamics simulation
  • Mohammad Julaey, Morteza Hosseini, Hossein Amani Pages 425-431
    The growth rate of stem cells in Mobius CellReady 3L bioreactor has been studied using COMSOL Multi-physics simulation software in order to find out the best operational parameters for secure cell growth. The bioreactor geometry was defined according to the EMD Millipore issued information while turbulent and unsteady state solid-liquid 2-phase fluid flow equations were used for modelling the bioreactor. For mathematical solution, zero velocity for the primary and wall boundary conditions and maximum volume fraction of 0.63 for 0.0155 lit (about 10 gr) of micro carriers was selected. Results from solving the fluid flow equations with mesh sized geometry of the bioreactors indicated that when the speed of the impeller is raised from 30 to 150, the eddies will encounter an increase from 0 to 74.5 in volume fraction base which can be harmful to the micro carriers. 30 rpm velocity of the impeller was observed to be the minimum velocity required for the micro carriers to move through the fluid while 60 rpm was chosen as the optimum impeller speed due to well dispersion of the solid phase and minimum volume fraction of the harmful eddies.
    Keywords: Stem Cell, Bioreactor, Two, Phase Flow, Shear Stress, Microcarrier
  • Hossein Aghamollaei, Ali Choopani, Mohammad Heiat, Elaheh Gheybi, Esmat Kokabi Pages 433-436
    Observing the correct principles of sterilization is one of the most important
    strategies to prevent infection transmission and, also, to reduce the time and the cost of research projects in biological sciences. The aim of this study is to evaluate the awareness of employees in a research laboratory in an institute of medical sciences. In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was designed, which
    contained important items of sterilization, such as autoclave performance and its quality control, conditions of sterilization by oven, and the principles of surface disinfection, and distributed among the staff. Forty-four filled questionnaires were
    collected and the results were analyzed using SPSS version 17. There was a significant correlation between the level of education and the level of researcher's knowledge about the principles of sterilization (P
    Keywords: Sterilization, Biosafety, Education, Quality Control