Epidemiology and Health System Journal
Volume:5 Issue: 3, Summer 2018

Students are exposed to multiple mental disorders. One of the most important things that students face to is homesickness and depression that causes reduction happiness in them. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between homesickness with depression and happiness in dormitory students in Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. A cross-sectional study was conducted at on 387 dormitory students of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences from January to April 2016. The sampling was stratified random with proportional allocation. Data collection was completed through self-reporting, and the use of four informational demographic questionnaires, homesickness Benfleet questionnaire, student's depression questionnaire (USDI), and oxford happiness questionnaire. Analysis was performed using SPSS23 software Results showed that depression had inverse (-0.6) relationship with happiness, so that with increasing depression scores happiness decreases. Depression had significant direct relationship with homesickness (0.3), therefore with increasing homesickness scores, depression scores also increases. As well as homesickness has a significant inverse relationship (-0.2) with happiness score, and with increasing homesickness, happiness decreases.

Inappropriate or imbalanced consumption of foods may lead to several health problems, especially among adolescents, the complications of which will remain for several years. This study aimed to investigate perceptions, self-efficacy, and the status of junk food consumption and their relationship with demographic variables in female high school students in Shahrekord using Health Belief Model (HBM). This is a descriptive- analytic study conducted in academic year 2016-2017. Three hundred twenty-three adolescent girls (second grade high school students of Shahrekord) were selected through cluster sampling method. A standard questionnaire, according to the structures of health belief model (perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy) and a checklist for assessment of junk food consumption was used to collect data. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 16 and descriptive as well as analytic tests. The mean age of the participants was 16.03 ± 1.24 years old. The mean scores of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy in proper consumption of junk foods were 55.66 ± 20.95; the mean frequency of junk food consumption among the students was reported to be 6.17 ± 3.18 times. There was a significantly inverse associations among perceived self-efficacy, severity, and benefit and junk food consumption. The mean frequency of junk food consumption in the schools under investigation was 6.67 ± 3.62 times. Considering the consumption of relatively high amounts of junk foods, the students’ low levels of knowledge and perception and the effect of peer groups, it is necessary to promote students’ nutritional knowledge, change adolescents’ diet, and pay more attention to packaging of healthy foods and making them more attractive.

Hospital staff are the main personnel of healthcare who play an important role in improving the health of the society. Quality of working life can affect job performance in clinical staff. This study aimed to examine the relationship between quality of work life and job performance in clinical staff working at Kosar hospital, Qazvin. This cross-sectional study was conducted (during July to October 2016) on 163 clinical staff working at Kosar hospital of Qazvin, after obtaining the consent from the authorities. Data were collected using three questionnaires: demographic characteristics, Walton quality of work life, and Paterson’s job performance questionnaires. Subjects were selected using census methods. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 23 and Stata software, version 11. Statistical testes which were applied for the analysis include Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression (MLR). Level of significant was considered at P < 0.05. No significant correlation was found between the quality of work life and job performance in clinical staff (P = 0.715, r = 0.029). The results of linear regression model showed that work experience (β = 3.67, P = 0.04), type of employment (β = 11.3, P < 0.001), and shift work (β = 60.49, P < 0.001) can significantly predict occupational performance in clinical staff. In addition, shift work (β = 32.27, P < 0.001) can be regarded as a significant predictor of work life quality in clinical staff. The present study could not support the relationship between quality of work life and job performance; however, the results revealed that some demographic and organizational factors were related to quality of work life and job performance.

The prevalence of cervical spondylosis is rising. The objective was to figure out the various features and their related factors among cervical spondylosis patients in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted enrolling 40 patients from NITOR at Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data were collected from the physiotherapy department of NITOR using convenient sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Patients diagnosed with cervical spondylosis were included in this study. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Descriptive analysis was done using frequency measures, mean and percentages.

The majority of t participants were female (62.5%). Most of the participants were between the age group of 35-50 years (62.5%). Most of them were urban population engaged in service or housewives. Stressful job (55%), duration of working hour >8 hours (62.5%) were the most common characteristics among patients. The main location of pain was in the shoulder (82.5%) followed by the neck (77.4%) and forearm (70%). Most patients had intermittent (57.5%), numbness (55%), tingling sensation (47.5%) and paresthesia (42.5%) type of pain. Moderate type of pain (65%), the involvement of both upper limbs (35%) and radiating pain to shoulder (72.5%) were the most reported features by patients. No response to medication was also observed.

Being female, middle age group, stressful occupation, location and radiation of pain to shoulder are some of the common features revealed in this study. The findings will help the practitioner to plan their treatment goals and techniques considering the characteristics of patients.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health challenge worldwide, with adverse consequences of kidney failure, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and premature death. Chronic kidney disease leads to the end stage of renal disease (ESRD), if late/not diagnosed. Competing risk modeling is a major issue in Epidemiology research. In Epidemiology study, sometimes inappropriate methods (i.e. Kaplan-Meier method) have been used to estimate probabilities for an event of interest in the presence of competing risks. In these situations, competing risk analysis is preferable to other models in survival analysis studies. The purpose of this study is to describe the bias resulting from the use of standard survival analysis to estimate the survival of a patient with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)and to provide alternate statistical methods with consideration of competing risk. In this retrospective study, 359 patients referred to the hemodialysis department of Shahid Ayatollah Ashrafi Esfahani Hospital, Tehran, Iran, who had undergone continuous hemodialysis for at least three months. Information was collected through patient’s medical history contained in the records, from2011 to 2017. To evaluate the effects of research factors on the the outcome, a cause-specific hazard model and competing risk models were fitted. The data were analyzed using the software stata v14 and SPSS v21 through descriptive and analytical statistics.

Vitiligo is an acquired, idiopathic, and common depigmentation disorder of the skin that affects people of all ages and both sexes equally in the worldwide. Although etiology of the disease is unknown, there are theories such as environment and genetic factors. In this article, we collected and summarized the appropriate manuscripts regarding the epidemiology and genetics by using the terms vitiligo and genetic epidemiology in PubMed and Google scholar. Studies showed the highest prevalence of disease in African countries, but with regard to distribute disease in different areas, environmental factors are as other causes of vitiligo and three genes FOXP3, XBP1 and TSLP had the most association with the disease. It seems that recognition of the genetic base of vitiligo will supply new insight therapies for its. Therefore, more genetic studies are needed to discover the genes and causes linked to clinical aspects of this disease.

Nanotechnology will serve as a suitable solution to achieve high performance in future construction and construction. Using this new technology, creativity and innovation can be achieved in the building industry. one of these new technologies of smart concrete is that in recent years, many researches and experiments have been done in scientific research centers around the world, so that the concrete itself is recovered. This is an undeniable fact that concrete structures are prone to cracking. Natural processes caused a crack in the concrete, and through these cracks the harmful substances entered the concrete and caused the corrosion of steel corrosion. to tackle this issue in the conventional method of concrete restorative materials, especially polymers, are used which are also harmful to the environment as well. The method of substitution that scientists have achieved is to use bacteria in concrete and to produce self-healing concrete using bacteria, in addition to reducing the problems associated with the maintenance of concrete for the environment, contributing to the durability and performance of the concrete and increase the useful life of the concrete.

Twin birth may account for a higher incidence rates of infants and neonates. To investigate the potential relationship between twin birth and infant and neonatal mortality rates, a systematic review was conducted. To gather the evidence for the relationship between twin birth and its potential effect on mortality during infancy and neonatal periods, a systematic review was conducted. The most important used databases were PubMed, Google scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, Cochrane and Springer. Then, the databases were searched by appropriate keywords. After reviewing and evaluating the collected studies, trends in the different countries were compared. Totally, 13790 related studies were found, of which 128 studies were selected in the first step. The studies not related to the subject, repetitive studies, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria by reviewing the abstract and, in some cases with the full article, were excluded from the search in the second step. Finally, seven studies entered in the last step. This study showed that the mortality of twins could be higher than non-twins, especially among boys.