International Journal of Medical Laboratory
Volume:3 Issue: 3, Aug 2016

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small preserved non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by targeting the 3' UTR of mRNAs for translational repression or degradation. The rising evidence has established the significant role of miRNAs within the regulation of immune system and the prevention of autoimmunity. MiR-146a has obtained an importance as a modulator of differentiation and the function of cells of the adaptive, as well as innate immunity rapidly. In this paper, we summarize the recent understanding of the role of miR-146a in adaptive and innate immune responses, as well as in autoimmunity.

Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) is a human retrovirus which has been known to cause adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and some other inflammatory disorders. Patients with hereditary bleeding diseases are at high risk for these viruses. In this study, we evaluated serological HTLV-I/II infection among these patients in west Azerbaijan of Iran.
Material and We studied 50 hemophiliacs including 43 males and 7 females. Serum samples were screened for Anti-HTLV-I and II using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot method was applied on borderline results for confirmation.
Results and All studied patients were seronegative for HTLV-I/II and serologic evidence of HTLV I/II infection was not found in any of patients. Based on our results, blood donor population of Urmia must be increased to achieve more accurate results.

Recently it has been proved that some of Enterobacteriacea like Klebsiella pneumoniae, which carry PKS islands, damage dsDNA by encoding Colibactin genotoxin; and finally they induce some apoptosis in damaged mucosal cells. This study aimed to isolating the clbN and clbB genes, which are the markers of the PKS genomic island, from PKS cluster in these bacteria
In this study, 110 biopsies were obtained from colorectal cancer patients referred to the clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital. Then, all samples were cultured in LB medium for bacterial isolation. In the next step, Klebsiella peunomoniae was detected by biochemical and microbiological tests. Finally, the genomes were extracted by boiling method and then were amplified by PCR with specific clbN and clbB gene primers.
Our findings have showed 30 Klebsiella pneumonia isolated out of 110 biopsies (27.3%) from patients with colorectal cancer; in which all of biochemical and microbial experiments including Gram-negative staining confirmed this bacteria. Also, 23.23% frequency of clbN were positive, 20% frequency of clbB were positive genes in the isolated Klebsiella pneumonia, and 13.33% frequency were positive for both clbB and clbN genes as simultaneous.
It is expected to find a significant correlation between Klebsiella bacteria which carries PKS genes and colorectal cancer by increased number of samples. The lower frequencies for Klebsiella with clbB and clbN positive strain in patients with colorectal cancer were shown in European countries based on the results of this study rather than the similar studies.

The aim of present study was to investigate the molecular characteristic of Staphylococcus aureus to detect mec A gene and to type SCCmec in strain isolated from healthy worker at Larestan Hospital.
Material and This study was carried out from the 250 nasal swab healthy worker at Larestan hospital. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction for mecA gene was performed in all samples. Also, agar screen plate with oxacillin was carried out using CLSI guidelines. The two methods were then compared.
Of 250 samples, 37 (14.8%) samples are Staphylococcus aureus, 28 (75.7%) of samples were confirmed at Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) harboring mec A gene detected by Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 9 (24.3%) negative mec A. Sixteen of 28 (57.1%) were HA-MRSA and the remaining 12 (42.8%) were CA-MRSA. The Multiplex PCR assay for SCCmec complex of MRSA strains showed that 9 (32.1%) samples were SCCmec type I, 8 (28.6%) SCCmec type IVb, 5 (17.9%) SCCmec type II, 4 (14.3%) SCCmec type V and 2 (7.1%) SCCmec type III. Agar screen plate with oxacillin was found in all the 28 MRSA samples to harbor mecA gene and all was resistant.
Our results illustrated that more than 70% of staph aureus strains were positive for mec A gene and more than 50% of them were HA-MRSA. In comparison to other methods, PCR and Agar screen method more sensitivity determines MRSA isolates. However, PCR was identified as the ideal method for detecting MRSA strains.

Backgrounds and Aims: Thyroid hormones have a crucial physiological role to maintain balance of metabolism of body. Thyroid hormones have an important role in metabolism and proliferation of blood cells. Thyroid gland also has a vital influence on erythropoiesis by induction of erythropoietin secretion and proliferation of erythroid progenitors. In the present study, it was tried to evaluate the effect of hypothyroidism on hematological parameters and also body iron store.
The research population consisted of 90 subjects divided into two groups: 45 people with hypothyroidism and 45 age-matched healthy individuals. This study checked the amounts of total triiodothyronine (T3), total thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and some iron status and hematological parameters.
The mean TSH levels were significantly increased in hypothyroid patients compared to control group. On the other hand, the levels of T4 and total iron binding capacity, serum iron, ferritin, Hemoglobin, and Hematocrit were significantly lower in hypothyroid patients compared to control group (p Our data suggest that alterations in thyroid status change serum iron metabolism and hematological index. Hypothyroidism is often associated with anemia,depleted body iron store. As there is no significant clinical manifestation of hypothyroidism at earlier stages with anemia, it is advisable to routinely investigate it for early detection allowing its early management.

This research aimed to study a possible link between endometriosis and polymorphism of the progesterone receptor gene.
The control group consisted of 86 women without endometriosis and the case group comprised 86 patients with a diagnosis of endometriosis by laparoscopy. Genotypes for Alu insertion polymorphisms (A1/A1, A1/A2 and A2/A2) were described by polymerase chain reaction and determined on a 2% agarousegel.
The genotype frequencies of A1/A2 and A2/A2 were not significantly higher in patients than in the control group without endometriosis. On the other hand differences in the Alu insertion polymorphism frequencies were not significant.
According to our investigations, we conclude that there is not a significant correlation between Alu insertion polymorphism and endometriosis. ;line-height:115%'> According to our investigations, we conclude that there is not a significant correlation between Alu insertion polymorphism and endometriosis.

Backgrounds and Aims: Healthy milk and dairy products are important in human nutrition because of the high value of the food. Contaminated raw milk is the mainly way of transmition of brucellosis to humans.Unpasteurized milk and dairy products can contagion to human and cause mallta fever. So brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease in human and animals especially domestic animals. The aim of this study is determining the contamination of traditional and industrial cow and sheep milk to brucella spp in Yazd.
Totally 198 raw milk samples were randomly cultured in three months period from the units of distribution supply of the milk centers at diffrenet regions in yazd, examined by special brucella agar,species identification was performed by Gram stain, and growth in the presence of aniline dyes, hydrogen sulfide production, and urease test.
Five samples (2.52%) were positive, 4 samples (2.02%) of Brucella.abortus and 1 sample (0.5%) of Brucella.melitensis were confirmed out of 198 cultured milk samples.
The results show the seriousness of the brucllosis transmission to human (Malta fever) through raw and unpasteurized milk.

Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that are beneficial to human health. Probiotics are commonly found in some foods such as dairy products or complementary tablets. A recent research shows that probiotics have a significant role in diabetes type 1 and 2 treatment. Among the variety of lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus strains are well known in probiotics for their different properties. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus delbrueckii PTCC1057 on diabetic mice blood sugar.
sample mice were selected from the age range of 6 to 8 weeks. Then for converting the normal mouse to diabetic type, 180 mg/kg streptozotocin was injected intraperitoneally. 10 days later, the blood sugar of the mice was measured and the mice with higher than 200 mg/dl of blood sugar were considered as diabetic mice. Finally, the diabetic mice were divided into two groups of experimental and control for next investigation. For a survey of probiotics effect on blood sugar, an amount of 3×106 CFU of L. delbrueckii was fed by gavage feeding approach daily during 4 weeks and the blood sugar level was determined at the end of the week after streptozotocin injection.
the result showed that the diabetic mice blood sugar level significantly decreased conspicuously by feeding L. delbrueckii in comparison to diabetic control group.
The result of this study suggests that L. delbrueckii can be impressive in diabetes treatment. However, another clinical study is needed for proving the exact effect of this probiotic on diabetes.