فهرست مطالب

International Journal of Medical Laboratory
Volume:5 Issue: 1, Feb 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/12/25
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Soheila Pourmasumi, Nasrin Ghasemi, Ali Reza Talebi, Mehrnaz Mehrabani, Parvin Sabeti Pages 1-10
    Background And Aims
    Due to the paucity of studies, association between the morphology and function of sperm and recurrent miscarriage (RM) is not yet completely known. Increased reactive oxygen species and decreased antioxidant levels in men have been shown to be associated with RM. Recently it has been accepted that antioxidant therapy can approve sperm parameters. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of paternal factor and antioxidant therapy on sperm parameters in the couples with RM.
    Materials And Methods
    Sixty ejaculate samples with RM patients were analyzed before and after 3 months of vitamin E and selenium therapy. Sperm chromatin assay was assessed by cytochemical tests including aniline blue, chromomycin A3, and toluidine blue. To measure DNA fragmentation index, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) test was used. Data were analyzed by SPSS software.
    Results
    Patients had significantly higher percentage of sperm parameters (p
    Conclusions
    Our study demonstrates that antioxidants can improve sperm parameters and chromatin condensation in recurrent miscarriage male partner.
    Keywords: Antioxidant, Recurrent abortion, Sperm chromatin
  • Mehdi Parsa Nahad, Akbar Bavi, Milad Zandi, Mehrab Nejati, Mehdi Rabie Rudsari, Mohammad Amin Dehghani, Hadis Kiani, Ali Ramezani, Sara Khosravi Seftejani, Nahid Omidi, Hojatolla Nikravesh, Seyed Arash Moradpour Pages 11-18
    Background And Aims
    Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is considered as one of the common causes of acute viral hepatitis in the world, particularly in the developing countries. It also causes fulminant hepatitis in pregnant women. Although HEV infection in Iran is endemic, there are numerous reports of epidemics caused by this infection in this part of the world. This study aimed to determine seroprevalence of HEV among patients with acute hepatitis symptoms in Ahvaz, Iran.
    Materials And Methods
    In this cross-sectional study patients were selected based on laboratory findings related to acute hepatitis including elevated serum bilirubin levels, markedly elevated levels of liver enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and mild increases in alkaline phosphatase activity.The plasma samples were tested for IgM/IgG Hepatitis E antibody (anti-HEV) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
    Results
    Out of 241 study patients, 125 (51.9%) were male and 116 (48.1%) female. The mean age±SD was 31.53±17.17 years. The results indicated 27.4% prevalence of anti-HEV antibodies among patients with acute hepatitis in Ahvaz.
    Conclusions
    In regard with the findings, HEV can play an important role in incidence of hepatitis. The study needs to be conducted in high-risk groups and in general populatios.
    Keywords: HEV, Endemic, Fulminant, Seroprevalence
  • Farin Malekifard, Nowruz Dalirezh, Ali Soleimanzadeh Pages 19-34
    Background And Aims
    Diabetes mellitus causes testicular damage by increasing oxidative stress and inflammation. In the present study, modulation of oxidative stress by pioglitazone, a synthetic ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, was examined in testis of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
    Materials And Methods
    Diabetes was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, i.p.) injection in male Wistar rats. 32 adult male rats were divided into four groups (n=8): control, diabetic, diabetic pioglitazone (1 mg/kg/day) and diabetic pioglitazone (10 mg/kg/day). Rats were treated with pioglitazone for 5 weeks. Serum testosterone levels were estimated. Reproductive damage was evaluated by sperm parameters (viability, motility, morphology and count). Oxidative stress markers were evaluated in testicular homogenate. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β) levels, expressions of inflammatory (inducible nitric oxide synthase and nuclear factor-κ B) and apoptotic markers (caspase-3) in testicular tissue were performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot.
    Pioglitazone treatment significantly increased sperm parameters (p0.05). Aside from reducing the elevated tissue nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels, pioglitazone increased the reduced superoxide dismutase, catalas and total antioxidant capacity in testes compared to diabetic rats (p
    Conclusions
    Pioglitazone attenuated testicular damage in diabetic rats by decreasing oxidative stress, testicular inflammation and testicular damage.
    Keywords: Diabetes, Inflammation, Oxidative stress, Pioglitazone, Testicular
  • Mahsa Harir Foroush, Leili Shokoohizadeh, Mohsen Mirzaee Pages 35-41
    Background And Aims
    Given the importance of aminoglycoside resistance in nosocomial and community infections caused by bacterial pathogenes such as Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of aac (6')- Ib and aac (3)- IIa, the genes encoding aminoglycoside modifying enzymes involved in aminoglycoside resistance.
    Material and
    Methods
    A total of 100 K. pneumonia isolates were collected from hospitalized patients from April to September 2015 in Borujerd hospitals. Conventional microbiological tests were carried out to detect and confirm K. pneumonia isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was detected by disk diffusion methods. The presence of the aac(6')-Ib and aac(3)-IIa genes which encode aminoglycoside modifying enzymes was determined by polymerase chain reaction.
    Results
    Among 100 K. pneumonia isolates, 34% showed resistance to gentamicin and 21% to amikacin. Resistance to both gentamicin and amikacin was detected in 18% of the isolates. Multi-resistance phenotypes were detected in 71% of the isolates. The aac (3)-IIa and aac(6ʹ)-Ib genes were found in 71% (n=24) and 5.8% (n=2) of aminoglycoside resistant isolates, respectively. Simultaneous carriage of aac (3)-IIa and aac(6ʹ)-Ib was detected in 64% (n=22) of the aminoglycoside resistant isolates.
    Conclusions
    The results of this study showed the presence of aac (3)-IIa genes in more than 70% of the aminoglycosides resistant K. pneumoniae strains; this may be due to the transmission of this gene through mobile genetic elements that create a high risk of rapid spread of these genes in hospitals.
    Keywords: aac (3), IIa, aac (6'), Ib, Klebsiella pneumonia
  • Sepideh Jamehbozorg, Gilda Eslami, Ghasem Solgi, Hamzeh Rezaei, Mehrdad Hajilooi, Morteza Samadi Pages 42-48
    Background And Aims
    In this study, the effect of rs310441 polymorphism in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region on the development of susceptibility or resistance to Type 1 diabetes (T1D) among the people with T1D compared to healthy subjects has been investigated.
    Materials And Methods
    This research, which is based on the examination of 130 cases with T1D and 98 controls, has been carried out in the city of Hamedan after clinical examination. In order to determine the HLA gene polymorphism, the allele-specific-refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) method was utilized.
    Results
    This study indicated that there is a significant relationship between the frequency of alleles and genotypes in the patients compared to healthy subjects. The C/C and C/G genotypes were more frequent in patients than controls and G/G genotype was shown to be protective for T1D (p=0.01). Significant difference was found for the G allelic frequency in patients with T1D and in the control group. The allelic frequency was significantly different between the two groups (p=0.0001). Our findings indicate that HLA polymorphism(C/G) and (C/C) genotypes could be considered as genetic risk factors associated with susceptibility and (G/G) genotypes associated with protection for T1D.
    Conclusions
    This study identified that there is a significant relationship between the frequency of alleles and genotypes in the patients compared to healthy subjects.
    Keywords: HLA_Single nucleotide polymorphisms_Type 1 Diabetes
  • Nilufar Najarian, Mohammad Bagher Khalili, Akram Astani, Mahmood Vakili, Maryam Sadeh Pages 49-57
    Background And Aims
    Group B streptococcus (GBS), is a bacterium that colonize in the vagina and/or rectum of pregnant, as well as non-pregnant women. The frequency of GBS varies in different geographical areas. Capsular serotyping of the bacterium could result in efficient vaccine designation. Serotyping data of GBS in Iranian pregnant women is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the GBS molecular capsular serotyping of pregnant women in Yazd, Iran.
    Materials And Methods
    In this cross-sectional study, a total of 346 vaginal and urine samples collected from pregnant women were cultured on blood agar and following incubation, the suspected colonies were identified according to standard protocol. Capsular serotyping was carried out by multiplex-polymerase chain reaction assay.
    Results
    Three hundred forty six samples were collected from pregnant women out of which 57 (16.47%) and 33 (9.5%) samples were identified as GBS of vagina, and urine, respectively. Serotype III was predominant in both vaginal and urine samples by frequencies of 54.4% and 51.5 %, respectively. Other serotypes in vaginal GBS were as II (26.3%), Ia (12.3%), Ib (3.5%), and V (3.5%); while in urine GBS were as Ia (21.2%), II (18.2%), Ib (6.1%), and V (3%).
    Conclusions
    This study revealed that capsular serotype III of GBS is the dominant serotype among pregnant women in Yazd, Iran. Moreover vaginal and urine GBS serotypes were significantly correlated. These data could be helpful for future possible formulation of a GBS conjugate vaccine.
    Keywords: Multiplex PCR, Pregnant women, Serotyping, Streptococcus agalactiae, Urine GBS, Vaginal GBS
  • Mahtab Maghsoodlu, Pejman Salehifar, Parisa Rahimzadeh, Woria Babahajian, Saylan Mohammadi, Serveh Babahajian, Masoumeh Souri, Mohammad Saied Karimian, Shirin Ferdowsi Pages 58-65
    Background And Aims
    Evaluation of the prevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) in blood donors is a valuable index of donor selection and blood safety. This study was conducted to explore the prevalence and trends of TTIs markers and study of confidential unit exclusion )CUE) option among blood donors in Kurdistan province in the west of Iran.
    Materials And Methods
    We conducted a cross-sectional analysis on all volunteer donors from 2007 to 2014. Serologic tests were performed to detect TTIs markers. The seropositive results were confirmed using the confirmatory assays.
    Results
    Of 197568 cases of the blood donated during 2007 and 2014, 0.29% was positive for Hepatitis B surface antigen, 0.006% for anti-human immunodeficiency virus and 0.06% for anti-hepatitis C virus. The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus remained stably below 0.02% during the study period whereas the prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen showed a downward trend over the period of 8 years. The trend of hepatitis C virus infection frequency had increasing patterns from 2007 to 2009 and decreasing patterns thereafter to 0.05%. CUE was chosen in 1442 (0.7%) donations. Out of this number, 864 (59.9%) were first time blood donors and 578 (40.08%) repeat donors. CUE-positive donations had significantly higher risk of TTIs markers (p
    Conclusions
    The prevalence rate of viral infections has been reduced to low levels in blood donations over the 8 years. Moreover, CUE is considered an effective option for identifying donors with increased risk of TTIs markers.
    Keywords: Confidential unit exclusion, Donors, Infection, Kurdistan, Transfusion, transmissible
  • Mohammad Reza Sarasgani, Mohsen Firoozrai, Elham Bahreini Pages 66-75
    Background And Aims
    Amino acids have different effects on the growth of some dermatophytes. Some may increase whereas others maydecrease their growth. The concentration of some amino acids is also an important factor for their effects.
    Materials And Methods
    To investigate the effects of L-amino acids on the growth of six species of dermatophytes including Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum canison, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton schoienlinii and Trichophyton verrucosum, two concentrations (1 and 0.1 mg/ml) of the 23 L-amino acids and some of their derivatives were added to sabouraud glucose agar media of these dermatophytes. The experiment was carried out three times. After 3 weeks for Trichophyton verrucosum and Trichophyton schoenleinii, and 2 weeks for the rest of dermatophytes, the mean diameter of each colony was measured and compared with the control whose media was not treated with amino acids.
    Results
    The results showed the higher inhibitory effects of L-Cysteine hydrochloride, L-Cysteine, L-Aspartic acid, L-Glutamic acid, DL-Tryptophan and L-Tyrosine on the studied dermatophytes. The other amino acids had less inhibitory or even stimulatory effects on the growth of the dermatophytes.
    Conclusions
    By using the properties of these effective amino acids, antifungal drugs may be synthesized more effective with lower cost and less side effects against different dermatophytes.
    Keywords: Amino acids, Antifungal activity, Dermatophytes, Epidermophyton, Microsporum, Trichophyton