فهرست مطالب

Future Natural Products
Volume:1 Issue: 1, Winter 2015

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1393/10/12
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Elaheh Seyyed-Rasooli, Mahmood-Reza Amiri, Vahid Zamanzadeh, Kobra Peron, Mahdi Aghakeshizadeh Pages 1-7
    Background And Aims
    Aromatherapy means application of concentrated essences from different types of plants (such as flowers) for treatment of different types of diseases. Aromatherapy works for stress, anxiety, psychosomatic problems, muscular and rheumatic pains, gastrointestinal problems, menopause and postpartum depression. The present study aimed to study the effect of aromatherapy on anxiety and pain in patients undergoing cholecystectomy.
    Methods
    This is a single-blinded clinical trial study which was conducted with participation of 60 patients undergoing cholecystectomy in Sina Treatment Center, Tabriz, Iran in 2012-2013. The patients were randomly assigned using table of random numbers. In intervention group, the patients inhaled 10 drops of rose water with 12% concentration for three minutes 8 and 16 hours after surgery. For control group, routine care continued in the ward. The data were analyzed by SPSS using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’s test).
    Results
    Comparison of changes in pain and anxiety scores between the two group indicated that the developed changes in pain and anxiety level (mean relief of pain and anxiety 8 and 16 hours after surgery) in the aromatherapy group was significantly different from the control group (P<0.001) and the level of relief of pain and anxiety was higher in aromatherapy group than the control group 8 and 16 hours after surgery (P<0.001).
    Conclusion
    The findings indicated the positive effect of rose water-mediated aromatherapy on relief of pain and anxiety in patients 8 and 16 hours after surgery. Aromatherapy could be used as a cheap, noninvasive, complication-free, and non-pharmacologic nursing care.
    Keywords: Anxiety, pain, Aromatherapy, General surgery
  • Mahbobe Alikhanzade, Maryam Tehranipour, Jina Khayatzade Pages 8-16
    Background And Aims
    Neurons are injured under physical, chemical and pathological conditions. The effect of peripheral nervous system injuries may return as retrograde to the cell body of neurons in central nervous system resulting in brain and spinal cord degeneration. Because of high content of camphor and borneol, Achillea biebersteinii from Asteracea family may be effective in prevention the nervous injury progress. So, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of Achillea biebersteinii leaves extracts on spinal motoneurons denegation after sciatic nerve compression in rats.
    Methods
    This study was carried out on forty eight male Wistar rats divided in eight groups including control (A), compression (B), compression and treated with 50 (C), 75 (D), 100 (E) mg/kg of alcoholic extract, compression and treated with 50 (F), 75 (G), 100 (H) mg/kg of aqueous extract of Achillea biebersteinii. In compression and experimental groups right sciatic nerve was highly compressed for 60 s. Extract was injected intraperitoneally in the first and second week after compression. After four weeks post-operative the lumbar segments of spinal cord were sampled, processed, sectioned and stained with toluidine blue (pH 4.65). Using stereological quantitative technique, the number of alpha motoneurons in the right horn of spinal cord were counted and compared with each other.
    Results
    According to the results, neuronal density showed significant decrease in compression group compared to control group (P= 0.000). Neuronal density in experimental groups C, D and E (50, 75, 100 mg/kg of alcoholic extract) as well as F, G and H (50, 75, 100 mg/kg of aqueous extract) was significantly (P< 0.001) more than that of compression group. Data analysis also showed that for both alcoholic and aqueous extract the concentration of 75 mg/kg had stronger activity than concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/kg.
    Conclusion
    The results showed that alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Achillea biebersteinii leaves have neuroprotective effects on spinal cord alpha motoneurons after injury.
    Keywords: Achillea biebersteinii, Sciatic nerve, Degeneration, Neuroprotective
  • Seyed Ebrahim Hosseini, Soghra Mousaei, Farnaz Tavakoli Pages 17-21
    Background And Aims
    Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a plant of the Asteraceae family. This plant is used in herbal medicine. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of artichokeextract on insulin, glucagon, glucose, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
    Methods
    In this experimental study, 40 adult male Wistar rats weighting 220-200 g were used. The rats were divided into 4 equal groups including, control, diabetic and 2 diabetic experimental groups. Two experimental groups respectively received 100 and 300 mg/kg of artichoke hydro ethanol extract as intraperitoneal for 6 days. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin. At the end of the sixth day, blood was taken from the heart of animals. Afterward serum concentration of insulin, glucagon, glucose, ALP, ALT and AST were measured. Then, the parameters measured in the different groups were compared with a control group. Data were evaluated by ANOVA, Duncan test and Student’s t-test.
    Results
    Results showed that artichoke extract significantly reduced the levels of glucagon, glucose, ALP, ALT, AST and increased insulin level compared to control and diabetic groups. It is worth noting that before the experiment, parameters tested were equal in all groups.
    Conclusion
    Artichoke reduces blood sugar so it has a role in treatment of diabetes. Additionally, this herb is effective in control of blood glucose by liver enzymes reducing.
    Keywords: Artichoke, Insulin, Blood sugar, Liver enzymes
  • Gholamreza Dehghan, Faranak Elmi Pages 22-28
    Background And Aims
    The Achillea genus has a wide distributional range, and the differences in oil composition may be affected by different environmental factors such as plant genetic type, seasonality, and developmental stage. The aim of this research was to determine the chemical combination of the essential oils derived from flowering aerial parts of Achillea millefolium, A. biebersteinii and A. wilhelmsii (family Astreacea) collected from different locations of East-Azarbayjan in Iran.
    Methods
    In this experimental study, Wild Achillea plants (A. millefolium, A. biebersteinii and A. wilhelmsii) were collected from three localities of East-Azarbayjan of Iran during the flowering period. The chemical combination of the isolated oils was examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
    Results
    In A. millefolium, the major compounds were 1,8-cineole (28.0%), camphor (19.2%), borneol (98.8%) and β-pinene (6.3%). In A. biebersteinii the major compounds were α-terpinen (41.42%), 2-carene (13.96%), m-cymene (13.41%) and 1,8-cineole (8.91%). In A. wilhelmsii the major compounds were carvacrol (29.2%), linalool (10.3%), 1,8-cineole (11.0%), (E)-nerolidol (8.4%) and borneol (5.04%).
    Conclusion
    Chemical compounds of essential oils of Achillea species were highly variable, which may be due to the differences in their chemical polymorphic structure and environmental conditions.
    Keywords: Achillea, 1, 8, Cineole, essential oil, GC, MS, α, Terpinen
  • Fatemeh Direkvand-Moghadam, Vahid Ghasemi-Seyed, Ali-Reza Abdali-Mashhadi, Amin Lotfi, Ashraf Direkvand-Moghadam, Ali Delpisheh Pages 29-35
    Background And Aims
    Medicinal plants are a valuable resource for flavonoids extraction. Prosopis fracta is one of the plants with medicinal properties. Prosopis fracta was found in abundance in southern regions in Iran. Coersetin is medicinal substance found in the fruit of this plant. Quercetin is used in treatment of cancer and viral infections. This study was conducted to determine the Quercetin flavonoid in Prosopis fracta samples in different regions of Khuzestan.
    Methods
    The Prosopis fracta fruit collected from different regions of Khuzestan (Susangerd, Ahvaz, Abadan, Mollasani, Behbahan and Ramhormoz). The beads were isolated from the fruit. Shell and the flesh were dried in an Oven. The dried materials were mixed and flavonoids extracted with a suitable solvent. The extract was injected into the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) system. Then, the compound, Quercetin quantity and standard peak in each sample have been determined.
    Results
    Based on the results, the Susangerd samples (0.0033 mg/ml) and Abadan (0.0008 mg/ml) have maximum and minimum levels of Quercetin flavonoid, respectively.
    Conclusions
    Quercetin flavonoid extracted from Prosopis farcta fruits of Susangerd is richer than other regions of Khuzestan province. Therefore, it is recommended to use the Prosopis fracta fruit grown in Susangerd for extraction of the Quercetin flavonoid.
    Keywords: Gastric ulcers, Medicinal plant, HPLC, Second metabolism
  • Vali Akbari*, Reza Heidari, Rashid Jamei Pages 36-41
    Background And Aims
    Walnuts are good sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and polyphenols which have beneficial effects such as proper growth, decreasing coronary heart disease, prevention of several kinds of cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-mutagenic activities. In this study, the fatty acid content and antiradical activity of different walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes grown in Kolyaei region located in Kermanshah Province (Iran) were investigated.
    Methods
    In this experimental study, fatty acid compositions in different genotypes of Persian walnut were determined using a GC–FID coupled with a flame ionization detector. For antiradical activity, methanolic extracts of different genotypes affected on DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical. BHA (2-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol) was used as the reference compound.
    Results
    Total oil content of walnuts ranged from 63.3 to 78.5%. Oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid contents ranged respectively from 17.9 to 28.6%, 46.9 to 56.8%, 10.8 to 13.9%, 5.5 to 7.2% and 2.0 to 3.9%, while trace amounts of other fatty acids (<0.1% each) were detected in the samples. The results demonstrated that fatty acid composition is genotype dependent and the highest amounts of PUFA (due to the high content of linoleic acid) were observed in B2 genotype. Among different studied genotypes, the extract of B2 had also the highest radical scavenging activity and therefore the lowest EC50.
    Conclusion
    It was concluded that pellicle is a necessary protecting layer that can help to inhibit the oxidation of fatty acids.
    Keywords: Walnut, Juglans regia L, Fatty acids, DPPH, Genotype
  • Shayeste Banaeian-Burojeni, Simin Taghipoor Pages 42-47
    Background And Aims
    Candida albicans is the most common cause of Vulvovaginitis Candidiasis that is the most common vaginitis in human. It is estimated that more than 90% of these infections are caused by Candida albicans. Medical treatment for these infections is carried out with chemotherapeutic drugs such as azoles. The increasing resistance of C. albicans to the azoles as well as their probable side effects is public concerns. Therefore, research for new natural component having antifungal activity has been considered to be very important. This study was designed to compare the effect of honey and clotrimazole against Candida albicans isolated from vagina and standard strain.
    Methods
    In this clinical trial study, Samples of vaginal discharges were prepared from 100 women with vulvovaginitis candidiasis. Isolation and complete identification of Candida species were performed andthe suspension of Candida albicans prepared for insemination. Different concentrations of honey and clotrimazol were prepared and 10 µl of yeast suspension was added and incubated. Then 10 µl of these medium was cultured. Finally, the number of yeasts was counted and MIC50 and MIC90 were determined in comparison with positive control.
    Results
    Different concentrations of honey and clotrimazol inhibited the growth of Candida albicans. In MIC 50 the mean concentrations of honey and clotrimazol were 1.15±0.49 g/ml and 60.26± 6.24 µ g/ml respectively. In MIC 90 the mean concentrations of honey and clotrimazol were 3.10± 3.15 g/ml and 2.38±2.36µ g/ml respectively. This means that honey in 3.10 g/ml concentration had the same effect as clotrimazol with concentration of 2.38µ g/ml.
    Conclusion
    Honey markedly inhibited the growth of Candida albicans and its effect was comparable to cloitrimazol.
    Keywords: Candida albicans, Antifungal activity, Honey, Clotrimazol
  • Wesam Kooti, Sara Ali-Akbari, Majid Asadi-Samani, Hosna Ghadery, Damoon Ashtary-Larky Pages 48-59
    Background And Aims
    Medicinal plants are used in traditional medicine to treat many diseases. Celery (Apium graveolens) is a native medicinal plant to Europe. This plant has a very wide range of usage and cultivation. The wild type was found in countries such as Algeria, the Caucasus, Iran, India and America. However, due to increasing value and the special place of the plant in the new pharmaceutical industry, it is necessary to recognize the potential in the field of manufacturing and processing. This article presents morphological characteristics, vegetation compounds and evaluation of the therapeutic properties of this valuable medicinal plant.
    Methods
    The information of this review article have been gathered from accessible journals in databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, SID and Iran Medex. The search terms were «Celery» and «Apium graveolens» that searched in Persian and English books on medicinal plants and traditional medicine, as well as reputable sites mentioned.
    Results
    Various studies have shown that Celery plays a role in prevention of cardiovascular disease, lowering blood glucose and serum lipid, decrease blood pressure and strengthener the heart. This herb has anti- bacterial, anti-fungal and anti- inflammatory effects. Also, a powerful antioxidant property has been attributed to compounds such as apigenin, apiein, vitamins A and C.
    Conclusion
    Celery widely used in pharmaceutical, food and ornamental industries, that causes its significant commercial value. Various combinations and numerous medicinal properties of seeds, leaves and stems, cause the need further and more research about the other useful and unknown properties of celery.
    Keywords: Medicinal herbs, Celery, Antioxidant activity, Therapeutic uses, Compounds