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Future Natural Products - Volume:1 Issue: 3, Summer 2015

Future Natural Products
Volume:1 Issue: 3, Summer 2015

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1394/06/28
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Zahra Golestannejad, Elmira Mohammadi, Amir Motamedi, Shahin Gavanji, Niloofar Fallah, Shervin Bagherie, Golshan Farzane, Milad Safaripour, Asana Vally, Mohsen Doost Mohammadi, Behrouz Larki, Azizollah Bakhtari Pages 1-8
    Background And Aims
    One of the most common chronic diseases in the world is tooth decay. A variety of bacteria are involved in this disorder of which Streptococcus mutants is the most common. Essential oils are considered as new natural compounds for use in combating drug-resistant bacteria. This study was aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of some essential oils prepared from Eucalyptus caesia Benth, Cuminum cyminum L. and Satureja hortensis L. on S. mutants.
    Methods
    In this study, essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation method. E. caesia Benth, C. cyminum L. and S. hortensis L. were characterized by using gas chromatography‒mass spectrophotometry (GC‒MS). Antibacterial activity indices including minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and zone of inhibition for the above essential oils against Streptococcus mutans were determined using broth macro-dilution and disk diffusion methods. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test.
    Results
    Results showed that all three extracts had antibacterial activity against S. mutants. S. hortensis L. essential oil with the lowest MIC and MBC value (13.2 and 18.4 µg/ml, respectively) and the biggest inhibition zone showed the strongest antibacterial effect against S. mutants in all exposure times and at all concentrations, compared with two other essential oils. Furthermore, C. cyminum L. essential oil had higher anti-bacterial activity against S. mutant than E. caesia Benth essential oil.
    Conclusions
    The essential oils used in the present study with different components showed antibacterial activity (especially S. hortensis L essential oil), and therefore they can be used as a new antibacterial substance.
    Keywords: Dental caries, Streptococcus mutans, Essential oils, Antimicrobial
  • Zahra Dehbashi, Mahta Mazaheri, Saeedeh Saeedi, Seyed Kazem Sabbagh Pages 9-14
    Background And Aims
    Herbal medicines are the major remedy in traditional medical systems and have a great contribution in maintaining human health and preventing many infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to assay antibacterial potential of Marrubium vulgare L. extract against Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant strains to current antibiotics and also GC/MS analysis to better understanding the extract composition.
    Methods
    In this experimental research, 30 K. pneumoniae strains isolated from urine culture of hospitalized patients were used. The essential oil of Marrubium vulgare L. was obtained by hydro distillation for 2 hours using the Celevenger with yield of 75%. Methanolic extract from M. vulgare L. was prepared using Rotary apparatus. In order to determine chemical composition of essential oil, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was performed. The minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bacterial concentrations were investigated to characterize the antimicrobial activities of this essential oil and its extract. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (one-way) to determine the statistical differences between different tests.
    Results
    The results showed that K. pneumoniae strains were resistant to 4 or 3 agents including: Ampicillin (65%), Gentamicin (30%), Sulfamethoxazol (25%). The lowest and the highest MIC value of M. vulgare L. extract were 2.5 and 10 mg/mL, respectively. The highest and the lowest MIC value of M. vulgare L. essential oil was 5 and 1/25 mg/m respectively.
    Conclusion
    The present study confirmed that essential oil and extract of this plant could be served as an antibacterial agent in pharmaceutical industry.
    Keywords: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Antibacterial effect, antibiotic resistance, Gas chromatography
  • Amirhossein Mansourabadi, Nastaran Razavi, Mohammad Hassan Zadeh, Maryam Moogooei Pages 15-20
    Background And Aims
    Leptin is a hormone known to control appetite and body weight. The leptin Levels in obese animals are always more than animals with normal size. A wide variety of methods have been offered to treat obesity of which herbal therapy is considered as one of these methods. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of Asian Red Ginseng on leptin serum level in male wistar rats.
    Methods
    In this “in vitro” experimental study, 30 adult male wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups equally: control (no drug), SHAM (received 1ml of physiology serrum), Interventional group 1 (received 20mg/kg ethanolic extract of Asian red ginseng), Interventional group 2 (received 40mg/kg) and Interventional group 3 (receiver 80mg/kg). The extract was injected intraperitoneally for 20 days. On the twentieth day, blood samples were collected. Dataset of experiments were collected and analyzed with Graphpad Prism 5 software. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and
    Results
    The dose-dependent injection of the ethanolic extract of Asain Red Ginseng root did not show a significant effect on leptin hormone serum level, but it showed a significant decrease in food intake compared to the control group.
    Conclusion
    The ethanolic extract of Asian red ginseng root does not reduce the serum level of leptin hormone.
    Keywords: Ginseng, Male Rat, Leptin
  • Ali-Reza Abdali-Mashhadi, Fatemeh Direkvand-Moghadam, Majedeh Jalali, Masomeh Albobaji, Ashraf Direkvand-Moghadam, Ali Delpisheh Pages 21-26
    Background And Aims
    Tribulus terrestris fruit, leaf, and root have medical effects in the treatment of cancer, viral infections and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The present study was aimed to evaluate the quercetin flavonoid levels from different parts of the Tribulus terrestris collected from different regions of Khuzestan in 2014.
    Methods
    In this experimental study, four parts of the Tribulus terrestris including; fruits, leaves, stems and roots were collected from different regions of Khuzestan including Shushtar, Mollasani and Andimeshk. The analysis was carried out to compare the chemical profile of the different extracts of Tribulus terrorists using reverse phase HPLC with UV detector. The mobile phase that consisted of phosphoric acid buffer with pH=3 and acetonitrile was used for isocratic elution. The flow rate was adjusted to 1.0 ml/min. The detection wavelength was at 203 nm. All separations were performed at ambient temperature.
    Results
    The results reported that the quercetin flavonoid level were highest in the Andimeshk leaves samples (69.57427 ppm). However, the Andimeshk fruits samples (4.141953 ppm) have the lowest levels of the quercetin flavonoid.
    Conclusion
    Considering the cost effectiveness in extracting compounds from medicinal plants, it is recommended to identify the highest level of the quercetin flavonoid in each region and in each part of the plant.
    Keywords: Experimental study, Medicinal plant, Quercetin flavonoid
  • Fatemeh Nazari Yeknami, Maryam Nasri, Fereshteh Shahidi, Majid Kashef Pages 27-30
    Background And Aims
    Due to the anti-inflammatory properties of the ginger plant, it has attracted researchers’ attentions for treating menstrual problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a program which contains submaximal aerobic exercises and ginger on pain duration in the college girls with primary dysmenorrhea.
    Methods
    This quasi-experimental research was performed on 40 female students with primary dysmenorrhea (moderate, severe) who lived in the dormitory of Shahid Rajaei University with average height, weight, age and body mass index of 164.47 ± 4.66 cm, 56.95 ± 6.81 kg, 21.40 ± 1.42 years and 21.07±2.41 kg/m², respectively. The samples were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10) including exercise, ginger, combined of both exercise and ginger, and control groups. The exercise group performed an eight-week submaximal aerobic exercise. The ginger group used capsules which contain 250 mg ginger, 4 times a day from the third day of bleeding, and both variables were applied for the combined group. The influence of ginger and exercise were evaluated on the duration of dysmenorrheal pain and the data analysis was performed by using one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests.
    Results
    After 8 weeks of ginger usage and sub maximal aerobic exercise, the duration of pain declined in the combined (P=0.001) and practice groups (P=0.04) compared to the control group.
    Conclusion
    Submaximal aerobic exercise along with ginger use is effective in reducing the pain of primary dysmenorrhea.
    Keywords: Submaximal aerobic exercise, Ginger, Primary dysmenorrhea, College girls
  • Amir Hossein Mansourabadi, Hamid Mohammad Sadeghi, Nastaran Razavi, Ebrahim Rezvani Pages 31-41
    Background And Aims
    Inflammation is one of the defense mechanisms of body and unpleasant sensation of pain is caused by tissue damage. Mostly, inflammation occurs through the release of inflammatory mediators. Salvia officinalis is one of the most valuable medicinal kind of mint order. Salvigenin is one of the active flavonoids existing in this plant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of salvigenin, Salvia officinalis flavonoid extracted.
    Methods
    In this laboratory experimental study, plant was extracted and the column chromatography was used to purify prepared extracts. 100 male albino mice and 48 male wistar rats were selected. In the hot plate test and in the writhing test, animals were divided randomly into 5 groups. Group 1 (received 10 mg/kg normal saline), groups 2, 3 and 4 (received Salvigenin 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally, espectively), group 5 (received 10 mg/kg morphine in hot plate test and 10 mg/kg indomethacin in writhing test). In the inflammatory test, animals were divided into 6 groups. Group 1 was assigned as a control group which received 0.05 ml of carrageenin. Groups 2, 3 and 4 (received Salvigenin, at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg). Group 5 (received 10 mg/kg indomethacin) and then changes of the volume of all groups were measured. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey test and P.
    Results
    In writhing test, Salvigenin reduced the number of abdominal contractions at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg. Increasing dose of Salvigenin, with reduction in abdominal cramps resulted in the increasing of pain inhibition, and the percentage of this inhibition was statistically significant (P<0.001). In hot plate test, also 30, 45 and 60 minutes after injection of Salvigenin and morphine showed significant difference compared to the control group (P<0.001). Also, Salvigenin increased the maximum percentage of analgesic compared to the control group (P<0.001). Salvigenin could reduce inflammation and in the group that received Salvigenin at 100 mg/kg, the inflammation was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05).
    Discussion
    Our findings showed that Salvigenin has dose-dependent analgesic effect so that it can be useful in controlling of inflammations, acute and chronic pain.
    Keywords: Salvigenin, Flavonoid, Salvia officinalis, Inflammation, Pain
  • Forouzan Heydari, Saeedeh Saeedi, Mehdi Hassanshahian Pages 42-47
    Background And Aims
    Traditionally, plants have long been applied in the treatment of various diseases throughout the history of human life. The antimicrobial activity of plant extracts in the laboratory is studied on Gram positive and negative strains of human infectious agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Mentha longifolia against important human pathogens.
    Methods
    This was an experimental study and no statistical method was used. The antimicrobial effect of ethanol extracts of Mentha longifolia were investigated on Salmonella typhimurium were determined using broth microdilution method. The broth microdilution method was used to determine the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). All tests were performed in Mueller Hinton broth supplemented with Tween 80 at a final concentration of 0.5%.
    Results
    The results showed that the lowest MIC concentration was 5 mg/ml that 1 strain of Salmonella was inhibited. The highest and the lowest MBC values of extract were 40 and 10 mg/ml, respectively.
    Conclusion
    Since the antibiotic resistant bacteria are increasing in the world, replacing the chemical and synthetic antibiotics with natural products is essential. It can be concluded from the results of this study that using herbal plant instead of antibiotics can resolve some antibiotic resistant problems.
    Keywords: antibacterial, Ethanol extract, Mentha longifolia, Salmonella typhimurium
  • Hojat Allah Rouhi Boroujeni, Sara Kiani Pages 48-55
    Background And Aims
    Crocus sativus is of medicinal plants possessing many beneficial effects in treatment of various disorders. This study aimed to overview the therapeutic effects of Crocus sativus on the basis of reviews and systematic reviews.
    Methods
    Computerized search of review articles was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science, Medline database from 1996 to 2015.
    Results
    Searches identified 8 reviews and systematic reviews of therapeutic effects of Crocus sativus. Despite remarkable difference in interventions, and type of studies carried out on this plant (in vivo and in vitro), it seemed to have many therapeutic effects on the treatment of various types of diseases. In all the reviews, the objectives were similar, e.g. inhibition of growth of cancer cell lines, analgesic activity, improvement of health condition and treatment of some disease but the type of study (in vivo and in vitro) (animal studies: rat, mouse, guinipig, rabbit) and content was quite different. The most common effects of Crocus sativus were anti-carcinogenesis, tumoricidal, anti-depressant, antihypertensive, anticonvulsant, antitussive, anti-genototoxic and cytotoxic effects, anti-Alzheimer’s, antitussive, anxiolytic, aphrodisiac, antioxidant, anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, relaxant activity, and effects on the gastrointestinal tract, on ocular blood flow and on retinal function, effect on coronary artery diseases, and hypnotic, and anesthetic effects.
    Conclusion
    The results of various studies on Crocus sativus showed that it has a lot of therapeutic effects on the treatment of various types of diseases. However, to be able to use these results in our daily life, additional clinical trials with larger sample size and longer duration may be required to evaluate its toxicity and safety in each and every case of its therapeutic effects.
    Keywords: Crocus sativus, Therapeutic effects, Medicinal plants