نشریه مطالعات کارآفرینی و توسعه پایدار کشاورزی
پیاپی 2 (تابستان 1393)

Twenty-first centuries is introduced as the century of knowledge. In this century, main capital of societies is knowledge, skills and attitudes of its human resources. For this capital be in community welfare service, entrepreneurial abilities is required. Currently, development of entrepreneurship is the core of programs developed countries. Hence, investment in in entrepreneurial capabilities of human resources has a special place. Naturally, the most obvious thing that can bring us to this goal is education especially in the field of entrepreneurship. One of the main functions of education levels, especially in agriculture, is education of graduates and creative people and entrepreneurs. According to the present paper has been prepared as an overview, importance and necessity entrepreneurship investigate in agricultural education programs. In this paper, entrepreneurship in the field of agriculture led to employment, technology transfer, encouraging investment and explore of new resources and effective use of their, appropriate distribution of income and social justice, innovation and creativity in the community and improve the quality of life. In this paper, appropriate strategies present to improve this situation with emphasis on the importance of entrepreneurship in agricultural training programs.

Commercialization is a process to transform the research findings to products, process and services that can exchange in commercial mode. Commercialization of university agricultural research is infulencial factors affecting. The new issue of comercilization, there isn’t a clear understanding about its importance and necessity. Scince there is no process, organization structure and excutive mechanisms for Commercialization of university agricultural research. This paper will illustrate the context and necessity of Commercialization of university agricultural research and review the experiences of some universities and then will intoduce mechanisms of Commercialization of university agricultural research.

Today, using the Internet and the Web is important in all areas of its activities have expanded considerably. Agriculture is no exception, and the role of the Internet in agricultural development is obvious and has special functions. Among the functions of the Internet in agriculture can be Economically productive agricultural development; Contribute to social development; Expansion of new media; Eliminating middlemen and reducing direct costs; Virtual community and coordination of farmers and activists; And most importantly Data provided quick, accurate and timely farmers mentioned. The results showed that globally many websites on agriculture to public and private acts. However, many state and government to provide information and services to farmers and activists engage in this sector. Electronic markets created by the private sector in agriculture and related supply chain that has been done. Development of agricultural portal for virtual community agricultural activities; Findings from a review of the literature suggests that, despite the large range of internet activities and the deployment of multiple Web services, since in certain actions have been taken in this regard. Therefore, the recommendations of this study is to provide Web services by public and private institutions in the agricultural sector to provide more quality services and enhancing services to Farmers and agriculture are.

Several evidence indicate that even though a lot of new ideas generate in the minds of individuals, but few have reached the operational stage by start-up new enterprise, product or service that indicate the complexity of idea operational process. Development of ideation and operating of new ideas in trainees of Iranian Technical and Vocational Training Organization can play effective role in increasing productivity and income in new business. Therefore, this study examines the importance and necessity of ideation and new idea generation in technical and vocational training. Research method is document study relevant to organizational ideas, business ideas, creativity and innovation in business to explore how new idea generate and operate. This paper first discusses the definition and concepts of business idea, formation and factor affecting the generation and development of new idea are the other issues raised in this article. Then the necessity of consideration entrepreneurial idea in technical and vocational training is explored. Understanding how identifies business ideas and its origin, and the importance of need assessment of business ideas will be discussed. Finally, some suggestion for more considering the ideas of trainees, formulation training based on business idea to improve the effectiveness of technical and vocational training is provided.

Today, there is no doubt that rural development as one of the top priorities ofdifferent countries, especially developing countries, requires to something beyond a simple strategy; Meanwhile, many researchers believe that the development of entrepreneurship in different context and forms in rural areas is one of the key components of rural development and even national development by job creation, increase capital, contributing to a more equitable distribution of income and poverty reduction. Among the various forms of entrepreneurship, development of small business especially home based business has been welcomed by experts of rural development due to the unique nature and benefits, so it is important that some experts consider it as the most important strategies for rural development in Third World countries. Considering the importance of this issue, the objective of this descriptive- analytical paper was to study of the entrepreneurial home-based businesses and their barriers and challenges in rural areas. The results indicated that development of entrepreneurial home-based businesses in rural areas are faced with numerous barriers and challenges which some of the most important of them were lack of proper business planning, lack of proficiency and experience in rural people, lack adequate access to markets, lack of access to information and information resources, lack of funding for home-based business capital and legal obstacles.

In today's competitive market-based economy, which has been associated with the international rapid changes and has created a process transition from an industrial society to an information society, entrepreneurship as the engine of development, can play an important role in economic growth of countries. Because according the study by research institutions around the world, the Level of entrepreneurship equal to the level of development and have recognized the direct relationship between GDP growth and infrastructure and government support of entrepreneurs. In our country has very limited support entrepreneurship centers and entrepreneurs with all the problems, while trying to convert the idea into a product should be responsible for all investment risk. Support centers for entrepreneurs due to lack of financial support and lack of strong support from the authorities are unable to meet the financial needs of entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs by creating small businesses with limited capital and sometimes enter into an economic and industrial move with low loan and in many cases lose their life and resources for industrial development. Entrepreneurship development is not possible without government support because the experience of other countries that have traveled the path of development, suggesting that without government support, entrepreneurship development is impossible. If the government provides financial support to entrepreneurs, the development activities are carried out more quickly and a lot of nodes on the entrepreneurial path will be opened. Governments do not produce entrepreneurs also has a duty to prepare the environment for fostering of entrepreneurs, government strategies can lead to the creation of a suitable environment for the business. Therefore, this article discusses the types of support services and infrastructure required for the development of entrepreneurship and would be considered the experience of different countries in this area.

Phenomena rural marketing is a new and challenging issue in Iran, although it has a old history over than half a century in the world. Also, it has not been serious consider by program planners and officials in our country. As a result it caused unsustainability in socio-economic condition ruralp roducers, especially agricultural systems. Applied recommended sterategy have not been successful, like rural cooperatives. Hence, the central idea of this paper is to propose a solution. Critical Methods was applied for this purpose. Based on finding, Rural marketing firms have a potentioal for entrepreneurship and solution markrting of agricultural section.