نشریه مطالعات کارآفرینی و توسعه پایدار کشاورزی
پیاپی 3 (پاییز 1393)

Entrepreneurship is one of the key solutions for unemployment and developing entrepreneurial activities in agricultural sector as one of the key economic sectors of the country. Evidences show that formal education in our country does not create a proper situation to train potential entrepreneurs or the expertise students because of structural weaknesses. On the other hand, entrepreneurs and potential man powers could not continue their task because lack of an effective entrepreneurship education system. Bridging this gap needs to pay attention to entrepreneurship education. Agricultural entrepreneurship as a significant approach that may operate parallel to agricultural and rural development purposes can considerably help to develop and to progress the agriculture and finally the country. Therefore this paper with a library research tries to review on entrepreneurship education program, its importance and some solutions in agricultural sector. Eventually, according to the results some solutions have been drawn to solve the problems both in long term and short term.

Competitiveness of entrepreneurship makes it a critical strategy in global economy. But Iran's position in the field of entrepreneurship, according to available capacities and based on ten indicators of business is not so desirable. So that Iran in terms of "business blossoming" has been ranked 93th among the 144 countries and has ranked it in the 16th place among 20 countries in the 2012-2013 Annual Report which with "Qatar" as the first country in the region (with the rank 11th among 144 countries), 82 ranks away. It seems less attention has been paid to capacities and deficiencies in this sector and also the need for transformation it in a systematic approach. However, entrepreneurship development needs to take all the capacities and empowerment of the region into account. In fact, planning for the entrepreneurship development requires attention to various issues from different aspects which makes clear the necessity of applying the ecosystem approach. Entrepreneurial ecosystem is a new approach to thinking and acting for entrepreneurship development, so that all essential systems in the entrepreneurship development and how their interaction with each other will be considered. This entrepreneurship ecosystem consists of a dozen or so elements which can consolidate into six domains market, policy, financial capital, culture; supports and human capital. Thus in this article we discuss the entrepreneurial ecosystem and the need for systemic perspective at entrepreneurship.

Conceptually, sustainable development reflect, global partnership for continues and dynamic economic growth, social justice and environmental protection and potential rebirth not only for the present but also for future generations and represent a holistic and universal commitment to improve human common future. Beyond theorizing, achieving sustainable development as a virtue requires appropriate planning and follow-up strategies in action. This requires thinking in this field taking into account the special requirements of any society and avoids fashionable theoretical and conceptual modeling of Western ideas. In this paper, we first need to address sustainability in business and entrepreneurship is in line with the principles and values of sustainable development. Sustainability driven was explained in term of green enterprise. Then, the sustainable development of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship in the context of sustainable development and the role of entrepreneurship and regional sustainable development have been discussed. Then, the green entrepreneurship as an expression of sustainability in business with related issues, market imperfections as hindering or promoting green entrepreneurship, public policy and green entrepreneurship and its incentives and requirements are followed. Finally, some recommendations provide to promote sustainability in the field of entrepreneurship and business.

Economic development of the country through its human resources supplied. Given that women are half of human resources, and the goal of any development and the socio-economic development goals are. So today, women's participation as an essential tool for development. One of the main areas of women's participation in rural communities to establish small businesses and the introduction of entrepreneurship or self-employment. Microcredit funds have played a significant role in achieving this topic. Micro-credit system, such solutions have been proposed in recent decades with aims to speed up the process of saving and investment and strengthen the financial foundation, and ultimately empower rural women in rural areas. In this paper, the unique role of the Fund in financing for development and realization of entrepreneurial small businesses in rural communities has been emphasized and was referred to the formation of microcredit funds for rural women to increase rural women's access to financial resources and social participation, self-esteem and their decision-making power has increased. In order to solve the problems caused by the lack of legal registration of the Fund. Formation and start-up funds to support the development of agriculture and rural women with legal record-written constitution and bylaws is a basic step for more women's access to sources of funds and credit facilities. in Funds to support agricultural activities of rural women In addition to the savings of rural women, 49 percent of the grant funds to is done by goverment.

Entrepreneurship is increasingly recognized as an important driver of economic growth, productivity, innovation, and job creation, and as a key aspect of economic dynamism. Due to this positive impact of entrepreneurship, many developing countries around the world, including Iran, have paid serious attention over the past decade to entrepreneurship as a potentially fundamental solution to various problems. Rural Iran has faced various problems such as increasing poverty, unemployment and immigration rates over recent past decades; accordingly many villages have become depopulated. Entrepreneurship can play a critical role in solving these porblems in rural areas. For this reason, entrepreneurship has been recognized as a means to revitalize rural areas. Indeed, institutions and individuals promoting rural development now see entrepreneurship as a strategic development intervention that could promote sustainable rural development. The purpose of this paper is to examine what are the challenges and opportunities in rural areas that entrepreneurs might face. For the purpose of the study, secondary data was used. An extensive literature review was conducted on topics relevant to the research. In conclusion, the main opportunities (such as cheap property, rich natural resources and landscapes and local culture and traditions) and challenges (such as, lack of finance, lack of infrastructural facilities and socio-cultural obstacles) were identified. The paper finally presents a general framework for encouraging rural entrepreneurship and some suggestions to take advantages of the opportunities as well as address the challenges.

An economic and social development opportunity for the empowerment of rural women's entrepreneurship is a priority of development programs. To achieve this aim, the Ministry of Agriculture Office of Rural Women has fund such projects as micro-credit schemes for rural women. This project, which began more than a decade in the country, despite the constraints has been remarkable success. Although funds made significant association among women, but because of the lack of legal registration can not make contact with the official sources of financing, such as bank, so those have been deprived the benefits and support of projects for women. However, according to past experience, the legal registration of the fund in the form of joint-stock companies or cooperatives because of weakness financial and Legal bureaucracy, Will lead to additional costs and away from the their targets, that self-reliance. So, a mechanism should be designed to solve the problem and provide the situation for enhance and sustainability of the funds. This mechanism should be provided retaining the main characteristics of funds such as informal and savings oriented participation in decision making and the ability to communicate with the formal financial resources. In this regard, the proposed is consolidated women funds and micro-credit in the city within the framework of the laws and regulations of the investment fund for agricultural development.