فهرست مطالب

Medical Reviews - Volume:6 Issue: 1, Winter 2019

International Journal of Medical Reviews
Volume:6 Issue: 1, Winter 2019

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/12/24
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
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  • Syed Mohammad Asim Hussain, Amer Harky* Pages 1-5
    Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has become much safer over the last 50 years due to advancement in clinical practice and technology development. However, it is still a complex and high-risk operation that carries significant morbidities and mortality. The most serious adverse events are death, stroke, bleeding requiring further surgery, peri-operative myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, and deep sternal wound infection. Each complication has an approximate risk of 1%-2%, and they must be fully discussed with the patient during the consent process. Many other complications can occur as the procedure affects the entire circulatory system and the visceral organs. Advancements have been made in cardiopulmonary bypass, graft selection, operating room practices, and multi-disciplinary team-working to reduce the risk of such complications occurring. This review article focused on the key complications of CABG.
    Keywords: Heart Surgery, Coronary Artery Bypass, Complications
  • Lydia Ferrara* Pages 6-13
    Headache is an endemic, pathological disease that affects all individuals, regardless of age, gender, or social status. The causes of this phenomenon are many, and not all are known. Headaches vary in duration and severity and have a significant incidence in daily life. Pain is the main manifestation that can be associated with lacrimation, nausea, irritability, and dizziness. It is very difficult to find a specific treatment, and the medicaments used often have debilitating side effects that discourage their intake for long periods. Many doctors believe that proper nutrition and a healthy lifestyle as much as possible will offer more possibilities for preventing headaches and relieving painful symptoms. A valid help also comes from phytotherapy. Today the use of natural methods is more and more pleasing to patients, because they can continue the cure for a long time without the fear of undesirable effects. Many plants have been known since ancient times for their effectiveness in the treatment of migraine, and modern analytical methods have scientifically demonstrated the validity of their use and the mechanism of action of the effective active compounds present in them.
    Keywords: Headache, Pain, Phytotherapy, Medicinal Plant, Food
  • Davoud Esmaeili * Pages 14-20
    Brucellosis is one of the current zoonotic diseases, still a health hazard in many countries, and progressive research programs are necessary to control and eradicate this disease in endemic areas. Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are capable of allocating immunity and protection antigen in mice. CagA is an immunogenic protein of Helicobacter pylori. Because OMPs are part of Brucella </em>spp, they have been conferred as potential immunogenic and protective antigens. In this study, the gene sequence which encoding TN-OMPs was obtained from GenBank. To estimate the 3D structure of the protein, modeling, prediction of secondary and tertiary structure, immunogenicity, allergenic sites and antigenic B-cell and T-cell epitopes were performed. The conserved domain of proteins was obtained and the epitopes of TN-OMPs were capable of inducing both B-cell and T-cell mediated immune responses. CagA is a cellular immunogenic protein that induces a Th1 response. The OMPs of Brucella could be used as a suitable vaccine candidate versus brucellosis.
    Keywords: Brucellosis, OMPs, CagA, Insilco Analysis, Vaccine
  • Taiwo Akhigbe* Pages 21-25
    A post-natal baby check is a comprehensive, head-to-toe clinical examination performed routinely within 72 hours of birth in the hospital and by a general practitioner (GP) in the community 6-8 weeks following delivery. It serves as an opportunity for continuity of care and coincides with the time of the baby’s first set of vaccinations at eight weeks, which is often when babies are seen by a GP. The aim of this review is to describe the important elements of infant baby check and physical examination at 6-8 weeks in the context of evidence-based guidelines. Some abnormalities that are not visible at 72 hours after birth can become apparent at the 6-8-week post-natal baby check, and this is a valuable opportunity for further care through establishing an effective and efficient partnership with the baby and the mother. A satisfactory and skillful physical examination of an infant is reassuring and valued by the parents.
    Keywords: Postnatal Care, Infant Care, Physical Examination, General Practice
  • Behzad Taati* Pages 26-27
    The presence of cellulite in women, as an unacceptable cosmetic condition related to skin and subcutaneous tissue, is a growing issue worldwide. Having a sedentary lifestyle is one of the most important factors regarding the formation of cellulite. However, only a limited number of scientific studies have been done to investigate the possible effects of exercise training on cellulite improvement. This focused review aimed to summarize the available evidence on this subject and provide a road map for conducting future exercise-based research on how to treat cellulite.
    Keywords: Cellulite, Endurance Training, Resistance Training, Therapeutics
  • Esmaeil Ghanbari Shendi * Pages 28-30
    Olive and olive oil is a major part of the Mediterranean diet and breakfast. This tree is a member of Oleaceae family. The genus Olea </em>is containing 2 subgenera Tetrapilus </em>and Olea</em>. The Mediterranean diet that includes up to 40% of calories as fat, led to a decrease in chronic diseases because of the high oleic acid intake. Olive oil is the oily juice, which is obtained from the olive fruit. It has a characteristic sensory profile and nutrition value. There is a good balance of fatty acids, between saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated acids in olive oil. This oil is unique among edible and vegetable oils and it can be consumed in the crude form, therefore, its tocopherols and phenolic content is conserved. Olive oil has very valuable minor components, such as phenolic compounds, sterols, vitamin and antioxidants. This study aim to review, some significant pharmaceutical effects and health benefits.
    Keywords: Olive Oils, Nutraceutical, Health Benefit, Functional Food
  • Mercy Oluwaseyi Bamigboye*, Risikat Nike Ahmed Pages 31-34
    Introduction
    The synthesis of nanoparticles from plant extracts has gained much attention in recent times. This study aimed at screening a consortium of crude extracts of Vernonia amygdalina and Amaranthus hybridus for antimicrobial activities.
    Methods
    The activities were compared with nanoparticles synthesized using the extracts. Powdered plant materials were separately suspended in distilled water and ethanol which were filtered to obtain crude extracts, while plant nanoparticles were synthesized by coupling with copper oxide (CuO). Crude extracts were screened for the presence of bioactive constituents. Antibacterial assay was carried out by agar well diffusion, while the poisoned plate technique was used to determine antifungal activity.
    Results
    Plant extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, saponins, and tannins. The aqueous crude extract produced higher activity than the ethanolic extract with the highest inhibition zone (29) against Bacillus megaterium at a concentration of 40 mg/mL. Antifungal activity also showed that the aqueous extract was better than the ethanolic one. The aqueous nanoparticle extract was higher in antimicrobial activities compared to its crude counterpart, exhibiting inhibition zones of 34 mm at 40 mg/mL and 31 mm at 60 mg/mL for antibacterial and antifungal assays, respectively.
    Conclusions
    The results of this study indicate that aqueous extracts demonstrated higher antimicrobial activity than ethanolic ones, and the synthesis of nanoparticles using a consortium of 2 plants has the potential to enhance antimicrobial activity.
    Keywords: Vernonia amygdalina, Amaranthus hybridus, Nanoparticles, Antimicrobial Activity, Synthesis