نشریه سلامت اجتماعی
سال ششم شماره 1 (زمستان 1397)

Borderline personality gives rise to problems in emotion regulation, impulsivity and executive functions among students. The purpose of this study was to compare cognitive-emotional regulation, executive functions and impulsivity among students with borderline personality and their peers as control group. The present study was of post-event causal-comparative design. The statistical population consisted of students from Islamic Azad Universities in Tehran during the second half of the academic year 2016-2017, among whom 250 students were selected using convenience sampling method. Data were collected through Cognitive Ability Test, Dickman Impulsivity Test, and Borderline Personality and Emotional Regulation Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance by SPSS-18 software. The mean (SD) age of students with borderline personality was 22.1 (4.7) and the control group 21.6 (5.1). The mean (SD) impulsivity score among students with borderline personality was 14.8 (3.1) which was higher than the control group with a mean of 10.8 (3.4) (P<0.0001). In the control group, the mean (SD) acceptance score was 16.4 (2.5), positive revaluation 15.9 (2.1), positive re-focusing 10.6 (2.3), re-focusing on planning 13.2 (2.5) and reviewing 13.1 (4.1) which were higher than the mean (SD) score of acceptance 11.6 (3.1), positive revaluation 9.6 (2.5), positive re-focusing 7.5 (2.1), the re-focus on planning is 8.6 (2.1) and the reviewing is 10.1 (4.1) of the students with borderline personality (P<0.0001). In addition, the mean (SD) score of executive functions in the control group was 13.1 (2.5) which was higher than the borderline personality group with a mean (SD) score of 8.2 (2.6) (P<0.0001). The study showed that the level of impulsiveness and cognitive adjustment styles of incompatible excitement was higher among students with borderline personality disorder compared to the control group. The score of executive functions and adaptive emotional adjustment styles was higher among the control group than students with borderline personality disorder.

The development of new technologies has affected the relationship between individuals and their lifestyles. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between addiction to social networks and lifestyle and communication with parents. The research method was correlation. Of the 2nd, 9th and 16th grade students of secondary girls’ schools in Tehran (10th to 12th grades) who were studying in the academic year of 2016-17, 200 were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Questionnaires, social network addiction researcher, standard lifestyle questionnaire, and Smith's questionnaire and parent-child relationship questionnaire. The findings were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and regression and analyzed using SPSS.18 software. The mean (SD) age of students was 16.9 (2.2). The results showed that there was a negative relationship between the mean (SD) of addiction to social networking was 41.1 (17.5) with relation to father 104.9 (31.5) (r =-0.32, P<0.01), relation with mother was 120.4 (27.3) (r =-0.26, P<0.01), and relation with parents 112.8 (27) (r =-0.31, P<0.01) this means that as addiction to social networks increases, the relationship with the parent decreases but there was no relationship between addiction to social network with life style 45.2 (8.7) (r = 0.08, P>0.05). It can be concluded that social networking was associated with communication with the father, the relationship with the mother and the relationship with the parents, but there was no relationship between the social networks with the lifestyle.

Progressive muscle relaxation is a method designed to reduce stress and anxiety, and it can help to reduce perceived stress and cognitive avoidance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of progressive muscle relaxation on perceived stress and cognitive avoidance among university students. This semi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design and control group was conducted with participation of 60 physical education students of Islamic Azad University in the second semester of the academic year 2016-2017. Participants were selected using simple random sampling method. Data were collected via perceived stress questionnaire and cognitive avoidance scale and analyzed via analysis of covariance by SPSS-22 software. The mean (SD) age of the experimental group was 24.1 (3.8) and 24.5 (4.1) for the control group. The mean (SD) perceived stress score was 81.6 (2.8) in the experimental group, which decreased to 65.7 (3.1) in the post-test (P<0.001); however, the variation of the score was not significant for the control group. The mean (SD) cognitive avoidance score of the experimental group was 44.8 (4.2), which decreased to 32.4 (5.3) in the post-test (P<0.001) ); however, the variation of the score was not significant for the control group. The study showed that progressive muscle relaxation training could reduce the perceived stress and cognitive avoidance among physical education students.

Cognitive flexibility has a significant influence on emotional regulation, and eczema is one of the disorders that may be associated with emotion. The purpose of this study was to compare cognitive flexibility and emotional control among people with eczema and normal people. The present study was of causal comparative design. The statistical population included all people with eczema and people without eczema in Tehran province in 2017. Participants included 40 women with eczema who were selected from three specialized dermatology clinics in Tehran and 40 controls that were matched based on age, sex, level of education and economic status. Data were collected via Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Inhabitation questionnaires. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance and by SPSS-22 software. The mean (SD) age of patients with eczema was 32.7 (6.5), and normal participants 33 (5.5). The mean (SD) cognitive flexibility score of people with eczema was 71.6 (10.9) which was lower than the control group with a mean (SD) of 83.4 (11.7), P<0.0001. The mean (SD) emotional inhabitation score of people with eczema was 117.8 (14.5) which was higher than the control group with a mean (SD) of 90.5 (12.4), P<0.0001. The study showed that people with eczema have less cognitive flexibility and more emotional inhabitation than normal people.

Social health, along with physical and mental health, is one of the major components of health and represents one’s assessment of social life. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine social health according to gender and the field of study among students of Payame-Noor University of Pakdasht. This causal-comparative study was conducted with participation of 280 students of Payame-Noor University of Pakdasht in the academic year of 2016-2017. Data were collected using Safary-Nia’s Social Health Questionnaire. Data were entered into SPSS-21 software and analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance analysis. In this study, 175 (62.5%) female students and 105 (37.5%) male students in the age range of 18 to 26 years old participated. Students of law, 62 (22.1%), and students of literature, 37 (13.2%), formed the highest and lowest proportions in the study population. As many as 203 (72.5%) students had moderate social health. The highest and lowest mean (SD) scores were related to the prosperity 5 (21.3) and social acceptance 10.2 (2.2). The highest mean (SD) score of social flourishing was among students of geography with 23.1 (4.9). The lowest mean (SD) score of social acceptance was among students of computer science with 10.1 (2.4). The mean (SD) social health score among female students was (10) 80.7 which was similar to boys with (11.2) 79.4. There was a difference in the subscale of social flourishing and the correlation between academic groups: P = 0.004. Students of geography gained higher scores in the subscale of social flourishing and correlation compared with students of literature and computer sciences: P<0.05, ES = 0.03. The study showed that gender is not related to social health, but students of geography had better social health.

Family members, peers, classmates and neighbors play a crucial role in determining juvenile deviant behavior. Therefore, the purpose of this study was determining the predictive role of protective models and controls among family members, peers, classmates, and neighbors in deviant behavior of adolescents. This study was of cross-sectional correlational design. Participants included 1847 female and male high school students of the 20 districts of Tehran in the academic year 2013-2014. Participants were selected via multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected via socio-mental protective and risk factors and behaviors scale. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis, stepwise method by SPSS-24 statistical software. The participants were 946 (51.2%) girl and 901 (8.48%) boy and the mean (SD) age of participants was 16 (1.2). Protective models and controls of peers (P<0.001), family members (P<0.001), classmates (P<0.001), and neighbors strongly predict deviant behavior in adolescents. In addition, there was no significant correlation between models protection of family and deviant behavior. The study showed stronger role of peers, family members, classmates, and neighbors predict less deviant behavior in adolescents.

Resilience and psychological well-being are among the most significant variables for identifying the improvements in quality of life of individuals. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group hope therapy on resilience and psychological well-being of couples. This research was of semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. Participants included 30 couples who were referred to counseling centers in municipality districts 1 and 2 in the city of Tehran. Participants were selected via convenience sampling method and were divided into two groups of experimental and control. Resilience scale (CD-RISC) and Psychological Well-Being questionnaire (SPWB) were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using one-variable covariance analysis method by SPSS-18 software. The mean (SD) age of participants was 22.2 (1.6) in the experimental group and 22 (1.7) control group, age range=20 to 25. The mean (SD) resilience score in the experimental group was 72.4 (6.3) in the pretest, which increased to 96.8 (2.6) in the post test (P<0.0001, F=39.97). However, the resilience score in the control group did not vary significantly in the pre- and post-test. In addition, the mean (SD) psychological well-being score in the experimental group was 309.1 (27.6) in the pretest, which increased to 351.1 (20.8) in the post-test (P<0.0001, F=48.67). However, the psychological well-being score in the control group did not vary significantly in the pre- and post-test. The study showed that group hope therapy leaded to increased resiliency and psychological well-being of couples.

Some cardiovascular diseases can be prevented by identifying the risk factors such as smoking, unhealthy diet and obesity, physical inactivity, high blood pressure, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. The present study aimed to determine the predictors of preventive nutritional behaviors of cardiovascular diseases among women referred to community health centers of shahid beheshti university of medical sciences based on the health belief model in 2017. In this descriptive-analytical study, 370 women aged 15-49 years referred to health centers of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were selected by multistage sampling. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire based on health belief model constructs. The questionnaires were completed whithin a month and data were entered into SPSS-16 software. Then, data were analyzed by Pearson correlation test and multiple regression analysis. The mean (SD) age of participants was 35.9 (8.1). Decreased mean (SD) of perceived barrier structures 56.6 (13.4) (P<0.001), and increased perceived self-efficacy 81.8 (11.9) (P=0.04) and perceived susceptibility 76.1 (13.3) (P<0.001), improved protective nutritional behaviors of cardiovascular diseases with a mean (SD) score of 70.8 (10.9). The study showed that decreased perceived barriers and increased self-efficacy and perceived susceptibility improved the preventive nutritional behaviors for cardiovascular diseases among women. In addition, perceived barriers were also the most prominant predictor of preventive nutritional behaviors of cardiovascular diseases among women.

Abandoned adolescents suffer from many problems that can affect their psychological well-being and their resilience compared with normal people. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on psychological well-being and resilience of abandoned adolescents. The present study was a quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population included all adolescents under the protection of State Welfare Organization of Tehran in 2016-2017. A sample of 60 of the adolescents was selected by convenience sampling method and was divided into two experimental and control groups and the intervention was conducted for the experimental group. The research tools included psychological well-being and resiliency scale. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance by using SPSS-22. The mean (SD) age in the experimental group was 15.1 (2.1) and control group 15.4 (2.3). The mean (SD) psychological well-being score of the experimental group was 128.5 (1.5) in the pretest which increased to 134.7 (1.2) in the post-test (P<0.01); however, the mean (SD) of the control group in the pre-test was 127 (2.1) which varied to 128 (2.2) in the post-test which was not statistically significant. The mean (SD) resiliency score of the experimental group was 45.4 (1.3) in the pretest, which increased to 51.2 (1.9) in the post test (P<0.01); however, the mean (SD) of the control group in the pre-test was 42.4 (2.5) which varied to 42.7 (2.5) in the post-test which was not statistically significant. The study showed that acceptance and commitment therapy increased the resilience and psychological well-being of abandoned adolescents.

Considering the cultural and social changes of the society and the attitudes of people towards beauty and the attention of people to appearances and tendency to make changes in order to achieve beauty, concern with appearances and distorted physical image could be preoccupy people with their body and make them prone to body dysmorphic disorder. The purpose of this study was to determine structural relationships between early maladaptive schemas and body dysmorphic disorder mediated by anxiety and over-concern. In this descriptive-correlational study, 300 women at dermatology clinic in Qaemshahr during a 6-month period were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected via practical obsessive-compulsive questionnaire, initial maladaptive schema, anxiety inventory, and anxiety test. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS-22 and Lisrel 8.80 software by structural equations. The mean (SD) age of participants was 22 (2.4). Increased scandal score with mean (SD) of 3.5 (0.5) was associated with increased physical deformity score with mean (SD) of 3.7 (0.5) (P<0.001). Increased anxiety score with mean (SD) of 3.5 (0.5) and over-concern score with a mean (SD) of 3.6 (0.6) as intermediary variables, the effect of early maladaptive schemas on body dysmorphic disorder was increased compared to their direct relationship (P<0.001). The study showed that increasing score of maladaptive scales resulted in increased score of deformity disorder. In addition, increased score of anxiety and anxiety thoughts as intermediary variables, resulted in increased effect of early maladaptive schema on dysmorphic body disorder compared to the direct relationship between them.

Career well-being is one of the elements of positive psychology which could enhance one’s flourishing and development in life. The objective of this study was to explore the key elements of career well-being based on the new definitions in this field. The present study was of qualitative design with exploration method. The statistical population included all employees of Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran, from whom 73 people were selected via purposeful sampling. Data were gathered using interview method and thematic analysis technique was used for data analysis. The mean (SD) age of participants was 38 (8.8). Among participants, 34 (46.6%) were women and 39 (53.4%) men. As many as 31 (42.5%) had less than 10 years of work experience and 42 (57.5%) had more than 10 years of work experience. The key elements of career well-being among employees of Shahid Beheshti University included: a sense of satisfaction and happiness to career (65.7%), positive interpersonal relationships (58.9%), engagement (52%), positive organizational relationships (50.6%), job performance (42.4%), work-life balance (39.7%), learning and development (36.9%), career transitions (30.1%), emotional stability (28.7%), sense of purpose and meaning (24.6%), fulfillment and competence (21.9%), and environmental mastery (19.1%). The study showed that a sense of satisfaction and happiness to career, positive interpersonal relationships, engagement, positive organizational relationships, job performance, work-life balance, learning and development, career transitions, emotional stability, sense of purpose and meaning, fulfillment and competence, and environmental mastery were the key elements of career well-being among the employees of Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran.

Although pregnancy and giving birth are natural occurrences in the women’s lives, they are stressful experiences with emotional, physical and social changes. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-care in pregnancy with social support and perceived stress among pregnant women. This cross-sectional, comparative-descriptive study was conducted with participation of 400 pregnant women referred to the midwifery clinic of 29 Bahman Hospital in the city of Tabriz in 2017. Convenience sampling method was used for participants’ selection. Data were collected using a 4-part questionnaire including social demographic characteristics and midwifery history, pregnancy self- care, perceived social support and stress. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 21) by descriptive statistics as well as Pearson correlation coefficients and p<0.05 was considered significant. The mean (SD) age of participants was 29.5 (2.6). The mean (SD) score of self-care was 43.4 (5.1), perceived social support 67.3 (12.2), and perceived stress 37 (7.2). Increased perceived social support during pregnancy increased self-care among pregnant women (P=0.001). In addition, increased perceived stress decreaseed self- care during pregnancy (P=0.001). The study showed that increased perceived social support during pregnancy increased self-care among pregnant women. In addition, increased perceived stress decreaseed self- care during pregnancy.