فهرست مطالب

Herbmed Pharmacology - Volume:6 Issue: 1, Jan 2017

Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology
Volume:6 Issue: 1, Jan 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/11/05
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Hojjatollah Shokri *, Aghil Sharifzadeh Pages 1-9
    Introduction
    Zataria multiflora is a valuable medicinal plant from Lamiaceae family with various pharmacological and therapeutic properties. In this article we reviewed the various aspects of Z. multiflora properties including botanical characteristics, chemical composition, anti-fungal and anti-mycotoxin activity and fungal ultrastructural changes.
    Methods
    Google Scholar, PubMed, EBSCO, Directory of open access journals (DOAJ), EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched using the keywords Z. multiflora and pathogenic and toxigenic fungi.
    Results
    The essential oil (EO) of Z. multiflora is frequently used in pharmaceutical industries. Thymol and carvacrol are the most important active components of Z. multiflora that are used for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases such as candidiasis and dermatophytosis. Aflatoxin production inhibitory effect of Z. multiflora EO was at the transcription level and this herb may cause reduction in aflatoxin biosynthesis. Ultrastructural changes showed that the main sites of action of EO were the plasma membrane and cell wall of fungi.
    Conclusion
    Zataria multiflora has the potential to be considered as a new natural drug for the treatment of some fungal infections. Morphological and structural changes may be one of the mechanisms involved in growth inhibition of the fungi and reducing aflatoxin production by Z. multiflora EO.
    Keywords: Zataria multiflora, Essential oil, Candida, Aspergillus, Aflatoxin
  • Yurii Aleksandrovich Boiko *, Irina Anatolievna Kravchenko, Alexey Antonovich Shandra, Irina Anatolievna Boiko Pages 10-15
    Introduction
    Carotenoids extracted from dried peppers were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities.
    Methods
    Determining the concentration of carotenoids was carried out by spectrophotometry. Anti-inflammatory activity was studied on the model adjuvant-induced inflammation. In addition, the total number of white blood cells was studied by microscopic method in Gorjaev’s chamber. The biochemical parameters of blood - cholinesterase activity and total number of seromucoids in blood plasma were determined by the commercial test kits for rapid analysis
    Results
    Peppers had a substantial carotenoid content: Ukrainian bitter 2076 ± 10 μg/g of sample in dry weight basis. The yellow fraction was 69.3%, the red fraction was 30.7%. The linear decrease of inflammatory edema in the course of therapeutic use of carotenoid extract ranged from 20% to 50%. The application of carotenoid extract reduced levels of activity acetylcholinesterase and concentration of seromucoids in serum of rats with adjuvant-induced inflammation. The use of carotenoid extract in rats with adjuvant-induced inflammation resulted in reduction of serum cholinesterase activity by 1.3 times and double decrease in the serum seromucoid concentration.
    Conclusion
    Ukrainian bitter pepper carotenoid extract exhibited good anti-inflammatory activity, with inhibited adjuvant-induced oedema formation and progression. The results suggest that the carotenoids in dried Ukrainian bitter peppers have significant anti-inflammatory benefits and could be useful for pain and inflammation relief. The results of this study allow to recommend carotenoid extract for further investigation as active part of anti-inflammatory drugs.
    Keywords: Carotenoids, Adjuvant, induced inflammation, Ukrainian bitter peppers, Acetylcholinesterase, Seromucoid
  • Fatemeh Famouri *, Mohammad, Mehdi Salehi, Nooshin Rostampour, Elham Hashemi, Armindokht Shahsanaee Pages 16-20
    Introduction
    Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases of adults and its prevalence is increasing in children and adolescents. It is the most predisposing factor for liver cirrhosis. Due to complications of NAFLD, the treatment of this disease is essential. Since silymarin is recommended for adults recently, the effect of this herbal drug on children and adolescents was evaluated for treatment of NAFLD in children.
    Methods
    This is a clinical trial study, which was done in Shahrekord University of Medical Science in 2012-2013 on 5-16 years old children with NAFLD. The patients were randomly divided into two groups containing 20 patients in each group. Silymarin tablets were administered for 12 weeks in case group and changing life style including exercise was advised in both groups. Liver sonographay and liver function tests (LFTs) were done after 12 weeks.
    Results
    Patients with higher grade of fatty liver were developed lower grade of fatty liver during intervention in case group based on sonography after 12 weeks (P = 0.001). Meanwhile, no significant changes were observed in control group (P = 0.35). Liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and aspartate transaminase [AST]) (P = 0.001, P = 0.025, respectively) and triglyceride (TG) levels (P = 0.043) were improved significantly but low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) did not change during intervention in case group.
    Conclusion
    Silymarin can improve fatty infiltration of liver and liver function in children and adolescents.
    Keywords: Silymarin, Non, alcoholic fatty liver disease, Children, Medicinal plants
  • Rahmat, Allah Fatahian, Dehkordi *, Mahbobe Reaisi, Mohammad, Saeed Heidarnejad, Abdonnaser Mohebbi Pages 21-26
    Introduction
    Nanoparticles (NPs) can induce inflammatory responses and oxidative stress and are also cytotoxic to the genital organs of animals after exposure. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of copper oxide (CuO) and CuO NPs alone and in combination with thiamine on the ovaries of mice and on antioxidant enzymes.
    Methods
    Sixty adult mice were randomly divided into five groups. Group A served as the control. Group B received CuO NPs and group C received CuO at 0.2 mL/kg intraperitoneally (IP). Mice in groups D and E respectively received CuO and CuO NPs along with thiamine (30 mg/L) therapy. The responses of the ovaries to the treatments were appraised by histopathology studies. The values for catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lipid peroxidation were determined after 20 days of treatment.
    Results
    The degree of degeneration and apoptosis of the different zones within the ovaries were recorded in groups B and C. The decrease in CAT value and increase in SOD activity were significant for groups B and C at 20 days compared to the control group. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level in groups B, C and E were significantly higher at 20th day when compared with control group. The groups treated with thiamine showed histopathological and enzymatic results that were similar to those of the control group.
    Conclusion
    These findings suggest the combination of CuO NPs and CuO with thiamine improves serum enzyme activity and has positive effects on the ovary.
    Keywords: Mice, CuO NPs, CuO Thiamine, Ovary organ, Nanoparticles
  • Javad Baharara *, Tayebeh Ramezani, Marzieh Mousavi, Majid Asadi, Samani Pages 27-32
    Introduction
    Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) are usually used to treat non-union fractures. Saffron is a medicinal plant with various pharmacologic effects. In the present study, the synergistic effect of PEMF and saffron aqueous extract on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) was evaluated
    Methods
    BMSCs were isolated from rat femur. After purification, the cells were divided into four groups including control group (did not receive any treatment), saffron alone (800 μg/mL), PEMF alone (50 Hz, 3 times a weak, 2 hours for every time, for 2 weeks), and saffron plus PEMF. Cytotoxicity was measured using MTT assay. After calculating the IC50 value for saffron extract (1.5 mg/mL), a lower concentration (800 μg/mL) was combined with PEMF. The differentiation of each cell group was evaluated using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activity, alizarin red staining and reverse transcribed polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method.
    Results
    Saffron aqueous extract decreased dose-dependently the cell viability but the PEMF had not any significant effects on cell viability. The PEMF, saffron extract and their combination increased the ALP activity on day 10 but the increase was significant in synergist group. Alizarin red staining showed that mineralization groups were higher at day 14. RT-PCR results demonstrated that on the day 14 the group treated with both PEMF and saffron expressed osteogenic genes.
    Conclusion
    Saffron extract combined with PEMFs could promote osteogenesis at the initial stage (the commitment of undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblast), hence, its usage might be beneficial in these patients
    Keywords: Osteogenesis, Saffron, Pulsed electromagnetic fields, Differentiation
  • Forough Talazadeh *, Mansoor Mayahi Pages 33-36
    Introduction
    This study was conducted to investigate the effects of thyme extract in drinkingwater on immune response of broiler chickens.
    Methods
    A total of 245-day-old broiler chicks were purchased and 20 chicks were bled fordetermination maternal antibody and remaining chicks were divided into 5 equal groups.Chickens of group A, B and C received 0.1%, 0.15% and 0.2% of Pediatric Cough Syrup includingthyme extract respectively in drinking water for all of the experimental period. Chickens of groupD were not received Pediatric Cough Syrup but vaccinated against Influenza disease. Chickens ofgroup E were kept as control group and were not received Pediatric Cough Syrup and Influenzadisease vaccine. Chickens of group A, B, C and D were vaccinated with AI-ND killed vaccine(subtype H9N2), subcutaneously in neck back. Blood samples were collected before vaccinationas well as on days 14, 28 and 35 after vaccination. Ten chickens of each group were bled randomlyand antibody titer against influenza vaccine virus was determined by hemagglutination inhibition(HI) test.
    Results
    The results of the present study showed that Pediatric Cough Syrup including thymeextract at 0.2%, increased the specific antibody response against Influenza vaccine virus comparedto all groups.
    Conclusion
    Pediatric Cough Syrup including thyme extract can improve the specific antibodyresponse against Influenza vaccine virus.
    Keywords: Avian influenza virus (AIV), Pediatric Cough Syrup, Thyme extract, Immune response, Broiler chickens
  • Naser Tavakolli, Mustafa Ghanadian *, Gholamreza Asghari, Hassan Sadraei, Nadia Asgari Borjlou, Majid Tabakhian Pages 37-42
    Introduction
    Pycnocycla spinosa, a native plant of Iran with approved antispasmodic and antidiarrheal activities, could be a suitable candidate and an alternative remedy for the treatment of diarrhea and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Therefore, the aim of this study is formulation of an acceptable dosage form and development of a validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for analysis of active ingredients in its extract and pharmaceutical forms.
    Methods
    Different formulations of P. spinosa tablets were prepared by wet granulation method. The prepared tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, disintegration time and drug assay. HPLC was carried out based on the extract active ingredient: 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-hexanoic acid (HMPHA) determination in P. spinosa extract and tablets.
    Results
    The mean weight, friability, hardness, and disintegration time of selected formulation (tablet 5 mg) were 217.26 mg, 0.69%, 53.6 N and 95.8 seconds, respectively. Similar acceptable results were also found for 10 mg tablets. The assay test showed that the content of HMPHA in each 5 mg and 10 mg tablets were 1.64 μg and 3.59 μg, respectively. The HPLC method showed a good linearity and suitability in its working range: 4.5 to 15 μg/mL.
    Conclusion
    The data showed that the selected formulation of P. spinosa tablets has acceptable physicochemical features.
    Keywords: Umbelliferae, Pycnocycla spinosa, Formulation, Apigenin, Diarrhea, HPLC
  • Amit Gupta *, Ajam C. Shaikh, Sushama R. Chaphalkar Pages 43-48
    Introduction
    Search for new adjuvants for human vaccines has become an expanding field of research in the last thirty years for generating stronger vaccines, capable of inducing protective and long lasting immunity in humans. The objective of this study was to investigate the immunoadjuvant activity of aqueous extract from the leaves of Calamus rotang using phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.2) against hepatitis B vaccine containing surface antigen (HBsAg; 20 μg/mL).
    Methods
    In this research qualitative study was evaluated in order to determine the presence of secondary metabolites and further confirmation of these metabolites through high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and identification by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). In addition, indirect Elisa was performed using HBsAg as coating antigen and this aqueous extract showed anti-HBsAg titre at higher doses as compared to standard and control. In continuation of these studies, Swiss mice were immunized subcutaneously on day 0 with HBsAg (20 μg/mL, 100 μL) and collect splenocytes on day 4 for splenocyte proliferation assay (ex vivo studies; again exposed with HBsAg) and estimation of Th1 (IFN-gamma and tumor necrosis factor [TNF-α]) cytokines from cell culture supernatant.
    Results
    The aqueous leaves extract of C. rotang showed dose dependent enhancement in antibody titre and proliferation at higher doses (P
    Conclusion
    Calamus rotang has additive adjuvant activity against hepatitis B vaccine antigen containing alum and may help to raise antibodies against HBsAg under challenging administration regimen and might be a potent vaccine adjuvant.
    Keywords: Calamus rotang_Hepatitis B vaccine_Antigen_Adjuvant_Proliferation_Cytokines