نشریه اندیشه سیاسی در اسلام
پیاپی 4 (تابستان 1394)

A citizenship right is series of legal and civil rights that is defined in framework of constitution of democratic countries. And it is provide sufficient basis for national unity, to ethnicity, race and gender. This approach of citizenship has been interpreted by in the theoretical foundations and methodology of the Prophet and the Imams of Islam with relation to the right and the duty. After the Islamic Revolution and the constitution in Iran, citizenship redefinition by religious and social . This study is based on documentary way, by this interpretation fields seeks to answer the question: The civil rights in the thoughts of Imam Khomeini on what principles shaped and different from citizenship in the West ? The results indicate that the formation of Imam Khomeini’s idea of citizenship in from the right and obligation is in Islam. Imam Khomeini believed that guardianship system is under Supreme Leader, and establishment of the system of extraordinary importance, are participatory and oversight. People are extraordinary importance in the system established, participatory and oversight. Also these are discussed four component of political freedom and political participation, women, religious and ethnic minorities and citizenship superficial and deep differences in ideology of Imam Khomeini and west of citizenship. But, can be differences with the West, outlined his idea of citizenship rights. According to the ethics and values of human excellence in addition to the material properties.

Political fiqh (jurisprudence) as the biggest part of the Islamic political thought is to issue normative and particular decrees to the relationship of individuals and government. Regarding political fiqh and democracy, two important notifications are necessary. Firstly, theories in political fiqh are different, and secondly, democracy has some degrees in itself. While minimalist approach, the secular one, sees no validity for political fiqh, maximalists expects an exaggerated role for it. According to “confluence theory”, political fiqh has validity in one hand, and restriction on the other one. Thickness of political fiqh is rooted in the deterioration of political philosophy (and political thought) during history. It seems that there is some kind of potentiality in political fiq to accept modern concepts such as democracy.

The tendency toward inherited social life in human beings made them build communities in different levels but the self-interest characteristic caused conflicts between them. In order to avoid the harmful consequences of this conflict and also meet their interests, human beings decided to formulate their own criteria. One of the most important areas of human interaction is international relations which include relations between the states, foreign groups, organizations and even individuals from different countries. These relationships can be protected on the basis of reasonable criteria. Since people are always in search of the most productive schools in different areas such as international relations, so many schools of thought have always claimed superiority over other schools. Between religions, sects and schools of the world, Islam’s concept, as a comprehensive school of human relations in the international arena, is based on moral and religious laws. Turning to the above-mentioned comments, this study by applying descriptive analytic method and also library sources tries to investigate this question that “what moral approach does Islam apply in international relations?” The author believes that among normative and valuable theories, Islam considers do’s and don’ts of international relationships and it describes and prescribes international relations based on moral values.

The main question of this article is “what are the differences between Imam Khomeini and Hojatieh Association’s point of view about Waiting Man?”. Hence, using documents available in this field, and by documentary research method, we will try to respond to this question.The history of “waiting Man” returns to before of the birth of Imam Mahdi (a.s.). From the beginning, Prophets had promised that justice government will be established by the Last Imam (a.s.). But what is the purpose of “waiting man” in this article, includes The Great Absence in general, and contemporary in specific. So, Imam Khomeini and Hojatieh Association’s point of view about Waiting Man are examined in this article. Findings of this article are: Waiting Man not only condemned the stabilization of government in the Absence Era, but also he should agree with the ruthless government in shadow of Taqiyeh and patience. Crying a lot from his absence and giving alms for his health, are other features of the waiting man. Whereas Imam Khomeini’s view was that the most obvious and important task of the Waiting Man is estabilization of justice government and rebellion against tyranny.

Religious democracy is the political attitude and lifestyle that people have accepted the religious system and the system of guarantees of freedom, independence, satisfaction, political participation and social - political justice in their life . This paper aims to definite and evaluate the six basic practical and concrete religious democracy, such as leadership, people and their role in politics, constitution, political parties, elections and freedom, in Imam Khomeini’s point of view. He emphasized for role of people and highlighted a vital role of constitution in the running of the country.The most important point in all the words of Imam Khomeini, is that he emphasized the government as the “Islamic Republic” instead of “Islamic government” According to him, all political leaders should be appointed by the people in power.

The Islamic revolution of Iran is the result of the abruption of the hidden forces in Iran’s sociopolitical base that started its stack since the constitution’s era. This revolution would not get its results without Imam Khomeini’s un-substitutive leadership. This writing is about to investigate the bases of leadership and management of Imam Khomeini on the Islamic revolution and its other-making and antagonism with the adversary discourses, liberal (national- religious) and left. According to the hypothesis, the quality of using the social, political and discursive elements in Imam Khomeini’s political thought and practice was so that could in the shade of the marginalizing other discourses and prominenting its discourse gain the most availability and reliability, and also, introduce the Islamist discourse as the hegemon discourse in the Islamic revolution process. As a result, Imam Khomeini’s discourse in the Islamic revolution and in the process of the people’s political mobilization and the realization of the revolution from the elitist groups and the elites of the national and left movement has played an important role because of its political solidarity, accordance with the social conditions, the thought and creed tendencies of the people and their historical background and the existence of the powerful and religious institutions.