نشریه اندیشه سیاسی در اسلام
پیاپی 5 (پاییز 1394)

Considering the importance of constructive engagement with opponents and the need to grow and develop it in the community especially among the youth and politicians, the present paper aimed to evaluate this topic according to the political thought and practical lifestyle of Imam Khomeini (RA). Having interaction with the opponents can be conducted in different ways and what was analyzed in this study was the practical interaction in the political thought of Imam Khomeini which could be observed in the way he treated the opposing groups. Copying the practical lifestyle of Imam Khomeini and applying his political ideas in the socio-political interactions with opponents are of great importance because Imam has always chosen the most appropriate solution based on existing condition. In order to achieve a pattern of Imam’s interaction with opposition groups, the library study method was used through analyzing and describing the data obtained from verses and hadiths and especially Imam Khomeini’s works. After the preliminaries and the literature, the principles of interaction with opponents according to the ideas of Imam Khomeini were extracted from his books. Imam Khomeini has always applied these principles in engaging with all enemies and he has been committed in keeping his words. Imam during his socio-political life had been faced with various groups of opponents including political and religious opponents. Naturally, these groups were not identical in terms of idea and performance and each one is divided into at least two moderate and extremist groups inside and outside the country and Imam interacted with them differently. Imam also did not interact with moderate and extremist Sunni sects such as Wahhabi and also arrogance and non arrogance groups so in the same way. This diversity in Imam’s behavior was based on Quran and the Innocent’s (masumin) teachings and which had formed the basis of Imam Khomeini’s political idea and practical lifestyle. Because Imam’s behavior arose from Quran and hadith and the Prophet and his family’s way of life and from the beginning to the end of his life he has always tried to represent a full interpretation of Islam to the world.

The strategy of returning to Islam in the contemporary era has brought various analyses and approaches to the Muslim community. Although, these endeavors were organized in different intellectual, cultural and religious spaces but formed within the framework of semantic monotheistic system and inspired by the great teachings of Islam. It seems that the viewpoints of Imam Khomeini (RA), Sayyid Qutb and Malik ibn Nabi which have resulted in the creation of revivalist, jihadi and reformist approaches have led the main intellectual and practical trends in the Islamic world. In fact, each of these three perspectives represents a special interpretation of political Islam and the present study will investigate their desired meaning systems and their special articulation of sentences, propositions and signs individually and thereby, the way through which each one became able to reach their own achievements will be demonstrated. Although, rereading of Islam constructs the central signifiers of the three views but the three scholars studied in this paper have achieved different accomplishments. Because their central signifiers or indications have affected other concepts and signs differently and created a different articulation.

In this article, the author aims to examine the discourse of the Islamic Republic of Iran within the framework of human rights based on Imam Khomeini’s idea. This can be done through Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse analysis by inferring and developing the negation and proof chains. Examining the human right discourse of the Islamic Republic of Iran, we tried to take into consideration the ideas of scholars who have developed. To do this, we investigated this topic through the four key concepts of human rights including freedom, equality, the right to life and human dignity. We firstly studied these four concepts in the form of negation chain which a meaning not accepted by the Islamic Republic of Iran and that’s why it’s always been faced with human rights violation by the human right discourse of the West. Then, we will formulate the human rights discourse of the Islamic Republic of Iran through the proof chain. The present study aims to reveal the discourse of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the field of human rights in order to respond to doubtful questions on human rights violations by Iran.

One of the basic questions in the field of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) and ijtihad (independent reasoning) is how commandments and subject matters are influenced by the government and its type especially when the society is ruled by religious jurisprudence and sentences. There are various methods by which commandments and subject matters can be affected by the regime. What is of particular importance in this regard is the impact of government on the first titles of the sentences. It seems that this notion can be proved through the theory of “changing commandments in the light of the ruling regime change” which is the main product of Imam Khomeini’s time and space theory. This paper tries to prove this issue using analytical-explanatory method and analyzing the necessity and importance of the governance as well as firm proportionality of fiqh and commandments and the government through the discourse on governmental approach to fiqh (state jurisprudence).

The aim of this study is to pragmatically investigate Imam Khomeini’s words on democracy relying on Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse theory. In this research, descriptive-analytical method is used to take a glance at Imam Khomeini’s sayings about the concept of democracy from a new angle and based on the theoretical framework of Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse in the field of political-social philosophy. This can be done by highlighting our own discourse and marginalizing the rival discourse. Accordingly, the results obtained show that Imam Khomeini’s idea emerges as the area of contradiction between democracy discourse and tyrannical governance where democracy discourse attempts to use verbal tools such as vocabulary selection, simple and unpretentious expression and widening to marginalize the dictatorial ruling and deconstruct it.

Revolution and social change are some of extensive discussions in the social science. Since the victory of the Islamic Revolution was a special case and contrary to the sociological theories of revolution¡ thus it significantly affected this area. In the meanwhile¡ Imam Khomeini represented a viewpoint for analyzing the Islamic Revolution which had significant fundamental differences with modern theories. That’s why Imam’s theory has been less considered so far and it was only rebuilt on the sidelines of revolution sociological theories at best. This article seeks to review Imam Khomeini’s thoughts using descriptive method and beyond works and reconstructions conducted before to discover the conceptual structure of Imam’s standpoint. Unlike modern theories of sociology¡ what is more stressed along with emphasis on explanation of the social revolution and social factors of the revolution in Imam Khomeini’s theory is the “revolution from inside”. Although¡ the conceptual structure introduced by Imam Khomeini in the analysis of social revolution is focused on case study of Iran’s Islamic Revolution¡ bit in a general way it has the capacity and ability to explain and Islamic and social revolution. In Imam’s view¡ the Islamic Revolution is a product of a four-step process. In the first step¡ the plan of revolutionary Islam and its conflicts with rigid and modern interpretations of Islam was proposed. This cognitive contradiction led to the public awareness and formation of a human revolution. Human revolution is a central concept yet complex of this analysis which is performed by the unseen hands of God from the inside of humans while having social objective grounds. The product of this internal revolution is a new born and unpredictable baby called revolutionary human. The revolutionary human who is seeking social revolution would carry out distinct actions which in the end lead to the establishment of the Islamic Revolution.