مجله علمی پژوهان
سال هفدهم شماره 2 (زمستان 1397)

In health system using patient-based tools to measure life quality is a source of making clinical decision. The voice of individuals with hearing loss faces have some problems because of getting inappropriate feedback. According to multilateral impacts on life quality, it is necessary to study the relationship between public life quality (SF 36) and voice-related life quality (VHI) in adults with different hearing losses. The present study is descriptive–analytical and samples were 50 individuals with hearing loss (25 individuals with mild hearing losses, 25 individuals with moderate to severe). Basic information was extracted by interview and then the subjects completed the SF36 and VHI questionnaires. The mean score of each questionnaire was calculated, and the obtained data were analyzed by spearman statistical test in SPSS 22 software. There isn’t any significant correlation between the total score and three subtests of VHI (emotional, physical, and functional) and SF36 in individuals with mild hearing loss. Also the results showed that there is significant correlation between the total score and two subtests of VHI (physical and functional) except emotional tests and SF36 in individuals with moderate to severe hearing loss. This study emphasizes the need for psychosocial rehabilitation along with sound technique. So it is necessary that speech and language pathologists try to improve cognitive-psychosocial factors along with voice treatments to increase voice-related quality of life in these patients.

Anxiety has a significant impact on academic, social performance and quality of life. This study examined the relationship between emotional beliefs, worry behaviors, and social support with cognitive, physical and behavioral aspects of anxiety. For this purpose, from the statistical population of the Bu Ali Sina University students in 2018 year, 312 were selected by using multistage cluster sampling. Then, in order to assess objectives of the research, scale of measurement of emotional beliefs, worry behaviors, and social support and anxiety were distributed among the participants. Collected data were analyzed by using descriptive and correlation indicators and simultaneous regression. Results indicated that there is relationship between worry behaviors, emotional beliefs and social support with anxiety, so that there were a significant positive correlation between worry behaviors with cognitive, physical and behavioral aspects of anxiety (P<0.05). Also emotional beliefs with physical and behavioral aspects showed that a significant positive correlation (P<0.05). There were a significant negative correlation between social support with behavioral aspect of anxiety (P<0.01). Individual differences in emotional aspects, worry and social support play an important role in the symptoms of Anxiety.

Disappointment and loss of happiness in multiple sclerosis patients are important factors in the quality of life and the process of illness. Therefore, an effective treatment to reduce frustration and increase the happiness of these patients is important. Therefore, the present study is aimed at the effect of acceptance- and commitment-based therapy (ACT) on happiness and hope for MS patients in Hamedan. The present study was carried out in a semi-experimental design of 30 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in Hamedan who were based on the acquisition of scores 1 lower than the mean on happiness and hope scale from 350 patients with multiple sclerosis. The sampling was available and was divided into two treatment groups based on acceptance and commitment and control. Using a pilot-pretest-post-test-control study with a control group, the acceptance and commitment-based therapy group was trained in 8 sessions of 60 minutes, while the control group received no intervention during this period. Both groups were evaluated in the pre-test and post-test using the Schneider and Lopez Hope Questionnaire (1989) and the Happiness Test of Oxford Armil (2001) and the results were analyzed using single-variable covariance analysis. The research results indicated that acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) had an impact on the happiness and hope of MS patients in Hamedan. So that acceptance and commitment treatment (ACT) affected 36% on happiness and 54% on the hope of MS patients. The results of the present study showed that in the area of treatment and working with depressed patients who are in crisis, pain, and emotional distress, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy can be efficient and promising due to its nature.

The high prevalence of domestic violence causes undesirable physical and mental effects on a large community of pregnant women. In addition, it can also affect the fetus health either directly or indirectly and impose tangible and intangible costs on society and the family. Hence, the present study aimed to determine different types of domestic violence against pregnant mothers. The present research was a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted on 92 pregnant women exposed to moderate domestic violence in Sahneh, Kermanshah Province, Iran in 2017. The participants were selected based on convenience sampling method and the data were collected using a questionnaire developed by MohseniTabrizi. The obtained data were statistically analyzed in SPSSv.16. The questionnaire data showed that the 92 women participating in this study were under moderate to severe domestic violence. Different types of domestic violence against them were as follows: emotional violence (52.29%), psychological violence (45.9%), verbal violence (54%), financial violence (38.05%), physical violence (35.96%), sexual violence (25.7%), and social violence (55.9%). Therefore, the most and the least prevalent types of domestic violence against the participants are social violence and sexual violence, respectively. Considering the high prevalence of different types of domestic violence against pregnant women, it is necessary to perform domestic violence screening for all pregnant women visiting health centers. In addition, development and implementation of interventions, such as life skills training and promotion of couple counselling, can be effective in the reduction of domestic violence in such families.

In recent years, the use of synthetic color has considerably grown instead of saffron in food products. This problem can be a serious concern for consumer health. This study was conducted to determine the presence and type of synthetic color in saffron based or flavored products. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 96 samples including saffron, yellow halvah, candy, and crystallized sugar (each 24 samples) that were randomly sampled from stores in Hamadan city. The qualitative determination of the colors including quinoline, sunset yellow, tartarazine, azorubine, brilliant blue, ponceau 4R and allura red was done by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Out of 96 total samples, 64 (66.67%) samples had synthetic color and 32 (33.33%) samples had natural color. Nineteen (79.16%), 20 (83.33%), 19 (79.16%) and 6 (25%) of saffron, yellow halvah, candy, and crystallized sugar samples, respectively, contained artificial color. Among used synthetic colors, the quinoline was the most abundant used color. Based on the results of this study, 66.67% of the samples had synthetic color, which indicates the utilization of artificial color in the studied products is high. Therefore, it is recommended to control highly these products.

Spina Bifida (SB) is a congenital malformation and is a result of the failure of the closure and failure of the neural tube. The causes and mechanisms of genetic involvement involved in the onset of SB are still ambiguous. The present study addresses the genetic variation in SB disease using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) as a powerful molecular tool for comprehensive genetic disorders studies. Three complete blood samples from people with spina bifida were investigated after DNA extraction using NGS-whole exome sequencing (NGS-WES) method and after comparing the obtained data with the control sample. The results were analyzed using Alignment software (bwa), variant calling (gatk4) and Annotation (wannovar) with the version of the Hg19 genome. Out of 559087 mutations, there are 1205 mutations of the type INDELs and 557882 mutations associated with SNPs. This number of mutations was compared with control samples and patients with SB. Further studies ultimately identified the genes of PAX3, CUBN, MTHFR and PDGFRA as more effective genes in the disease. The NGS is a powerful method for the genetic evaluation of patients with SB that can help detect genetic disorders in these patients. Gene mutations found have all occurred in genes that are associated with evolution in the nervous system during the fetal period. These mutations should be confirmed by valid molecular methods.

Epidemiological study in Oral lesions and diseases can help to identify risk factors for preventing diseases. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the frequency of salivary gland lesions in a pathology laboratory of Hamedan dental school and Besat Hospital. In this descriptive cross-sectional study all records of patients from 2006 to 2017 were reviewed by referring to the Department of Pathology of Hamadan Dental School and Archives of Besat Hospital. The required data including histopathologic diagnosis and anatomic location of lesions, age and gender were recorded and the data were analyzed using SPSS v.16 statistical software. The results showed that salivary lesions comprise 6/63% of total head and neck lesions, of which 65.4%, 24.3% and 10.3% of lesions were non-neoplastic and benign and malignant neoplastic lesions respectively. Also, the forecasting of the incidence of cases for the next three years was at least 6.20% and a maximum of 10.36%. The results of this study suggested that future studies with more emphasis on clinicians will provide more accurate information about patients. Also, extensive studies are suggested in other cities and provinces with a longer period of time.

Cockroaches are one of the most important carriers of disease that involved human health, they can carry a great variety of pathogenic bacterial and then freely moved in the hospital environment. The presence of cockroaches in the hospital is a potential problem to the healthcare system. This study was aimed to determine the type of cockroaches and bacterial species in some hospitals of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, 2017. The present cross-sectional study was conducted in Fatemieh and Sina hospitals, Hamadan. 179 cockroaches were trapped at night and early morning from different parts of hospitals in a sterile condition. The insects were transported to the laboratory for analysis. To isolation and identification of bacteria, suspension prepared from the external surface and internal digestive tract of cockroaches. Bacteria species identification was performed by using selective media and specific diagnostic tests. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS V.20. In this study, of the 179 cockroaches caught, 117 cockroaches were American (65.36%) and 62 German cockroaches (34.64%). Bacterial contamination was diagnosed in 173 (99.42%) cockroaches. Our results revealed the maximum contamination was observed in American cockroach (648 (77.4%) colony) and minimum contamination was observed the German cockroach (189 (22.6%) colony). The most predominant species of bacteria isolated from American and German cockroaches were Escherichia coli  223(26.6%), and the lowest found was Staphylococcus aureus 4(0.5%). Bacterial contamination of cockroaches in the hospital environment is an important concern in Hamadan health care systems. Moreover, antibiotic resistance observed in separated bacteria can enhance the pathogenicity of bacteria. So, we can conclude that cockroaches can contribute to the dissemination and spread of bacterial infection. Results suggest that elimination of cockroaches from human environments could reduce the bacterial infections.