فهرست مطالب

Health Studies - Volume:3 Issue: 3, Jul-Sep 2017

International Journal of Health Studies
Volume:3 Issue: 3, Jul-Sep 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/07/30
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Moussa Abolhassani, Negin Eftekhari, Mohammad Hassan Basirinezhad, Pirasteh Norouzi * Pages 1-4
    Background
    Cardiovascular disease is the first cause of death in Iran and the world due to the high level of blood lipids associated with it. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of anti-hyper lipidemic mixture of garlic, sour lemon and ginger on the lipid agents of Ratus Norvegicus Alluvia.
    Methods
    This experimental study was performed on 23 specimens of Ratus norvegicus alluvia. They were randomly classified into four groups. For 60 days, two groups received food mixed with market oil, and then for three weeks the treatment groups received a mixture of garlic, sour lemon and ginger by gavage. Data were analyzed with SPSS-16 software. Due to the small sample size and non-linearity of parameters, non-parametric Mann–Whitney U-test was used for comparing groups in pairs. The significance level was set at 0.05.
    Results
    Comparing the control group with the group that received oil showed that injecting lipids was effective and caused significant increase in blood cholesterol level (P=0.006). Comparing two groups that received oil along with their diet, and the group receiving garlic, sour lemon and ginger, the cholesterol level and LDL were significantly lower than in control group (P≤0.008 and 0.008, respectively).
    Conclusions
    The results indicate that a mixture of garlic, sour lemon and ginger can reduce blood lipids in both Ratus with high blood lipids and rats with normal blood lipids.
    Keywords: Garlic, Sour lemon, Ginger, Ratus
  • Zahra Ebrahim, Amir Ashkan Nasiripour *, Pouran Raeissi Pages 5-8
    Background
    The lack of an evaluation mechanism and effective accreditation for hospitals in addition to increasing healthcare costs jeopardizes the overall health of communities. This study was conducted to identify and prioritize factors affecting the establishment of an accreditation system in social security hospitals in Tehran in 2015.
    Methods
    This is a cross-sectional study and participants consisted of academic experts, hospital chiefs, managers, head nurses and supervisors, and staff of quality improvement in departments of social security in hospitals in Tehran City, Iran. Study samples were of 170 participants. A 5-points Likert scale questionnaire, according to the Donabedian model (structure, process, and output), with 24 items, was used. For data analysis, SPSS software version 22 and Pearson correlation coefficient, one-sample t-test and linear regression were used.
    Results
    Out of 170 participants, 49 (28.8%) were male and 121 (71.2%) were female. T-test results showed that all dimensions had a significant effect on the accreditation system (P
    Conclusions
    The correct implementation of hospital accreditation requires the specific education for personnel so that they can easily understand the accreditation model and standardized processes that need to be established in the hospital.
    Keywords: Accreditation, Donabedian Model, Social security
  • Elham Biabanian, Mehdi Khaksari, Pirasteh Norouzi, Hossein Khastar* Pages 9-11
    Background
    Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major clinical problem in situations such as shock, sepsis, and kidney transplantation, and also occurs as a side effect of some drugs. Gentamicin (GM) is an effective antibiotic against severe gram-negative infections. However, it can produce AKI in humans. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been proposed as the causative factor for the renal side effects of GM. This study was performed to investigate the protective role of sulfur dioxide (SO2) against GM-induced acute kidney injury in rats.
    Methods
    Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: 1, sham group; 2, GM group (100 mg/kg i.p. for 7 days); and 3, GM䣭 group (5 μg/kg i.p. for 7 days). On day 8, renal tissues were collected for oxidative stress assessment. To compare the groups, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in renal tissue were measured.
    Results
    GM caused significant acute kidney injury as demonstrated by the increase in BUN and creatinine levels in plasma. The decrease in renal tissue SOD and CAT levels revealed that oxidative stress occurred in the kidney. In the GM䣭 group, SO2 prevented GM-induced reduction in SOD and CAT levels to some extent.
    Conclusions
    These findings suggest that SO2 partly protects the kidneys from GM-induced nephrotoxicity by its antioxidant effect.
    Keywords: Gentamicin, Nephrotoxicity, Reactive oxygen species, Sulfur dioxide
  • Maryan Farjamfar, Ehsan Binesh, Dina Moazamian, Sina Mousavi, Mojtaba Nasiri * Pages 12-15
    Background
    Psychiatric problems are an important concern in chronic illness such as chronic kidney disease. Knowing the frequency of psychiatric disorders may be helpful for improving quality of life in dialysis patients. This study was performed to evaluate psychiatric disorders in patients with chronic renal failure under treatment with dialysis from February 2013 to February 2014 in Shahroud, Iran.
    Methods
    In this cross-sectional descriptive comparative study, 98 dialysis patients were enrolled and psychiatric disorders were determined by SCL-90-R questionnaire.
    Results
    The results demonstrated that 33 patients (33.7%) had psychiatric disorders, of which 18 patients had major depressive disorder, six had anxiety disorders, six had psychotic disorders and one case having paranoid thoughts, one patient had obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and one patient had phobia disorder.
    Conclusions
    Totally, according to the obtained results in this study it may be concluded that nearly one-third of dialysis patients have psychiatric disorders, with most of these being major depressive disorder.
    Keywords: Psychiatric disorder, Chronic renal failure, Dialysis
  • Nafiseh Tanha, Katayoon Karimzadeh *, Asgar Zahmatkesh Pages 16-19
    Background
    Chitin and its deacetylated derivative, chitosan, are unique biopolymers. Owing to their properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, they have been widely applied in various industries. The aim of the study was to investigate the antimicrobial activities of chitin and chitosan extracted from freshwater prawn shells.
    Methods
    In this research, prawn shell (Macrobrachium nipponense) is used as a source of chitin for the extraction of this valuable biopolymer. The inhibition zone of different concentrations (5, 7.5, and 10 mg/mL) of chitin and chitosan was examined for in vitro antibacterial activity against seven kinds of bacterial strains and two fungi (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans). Furthermore, minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum lethal concentration were determined.
    Results
    Chitosan had a more inhibitory effect than did chitin. Chitosan demonstrated the maximum inhibitory effect in Vibrio cholerae Ogawa, whereas the lowest value was observed in Escherichia coli (P
    Conclusions
    Chitosan showed greater antibacterial effect than did chitin against studied bacteria particularly V. Cholerae Ogawa and Staphylococcus aureus and also revealed good antifungal effects. Thus, chitosan may be used as a source of antimicrobial agent for medical and pharmaceutical applications.
    Keywords: Chitin, Chitosan, Antibacterial, Prawn, Antifungal
  • Javad Khaje Mozaffari, Dina Moazzemian, Javad Nourian, Pouneh Zolfaghari, Mojtaba Ghasemian, Zahra Shahabi, Mohammad Bagher Sohrabi * Pages 20-24
    Background
    Diagnosis of knee injuries following trauma to the lower extremity is very important and needs to be carefully examined. This study aimed at comparing the diagnostic precision of clinical examination (CE) and MRI with findings from arthroscopy in traumatic knee injuries with femur or tibia shaft fracture.
    Methods
    A cross-sectional study was conducted on 164 patients with traumatic knee injuries with femur or tibia shaft fracture who had been referred to Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahroud, between March 2014 and February 2015. We compared CE and MRI with arthroscopic findings (gold standard) to determine the concordance, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of injuries to the meniscus and knee ligaments.
    Results
    The results showed that internal mucus rupture was the most common trauma, noted in 83 cases (50.6%), followed by anterior corrosion rupture, noted in 65 cases (39.6%). CE sensitivity was 68.4% and specificity was 96.2% for medial meniscal (MM) injuries, while sensitivity was 53.6% and specificity was 96.4% for lateral meniscal (LM) injuries. For anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, CE showed sensitivity of 77.2% and specificity of 91.8%. For posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries, CE showed sensitivity of 52.6% and specificity of 98.6%. For MM injuries, MRI showed sensitivity of 92.5% and specificity of 86.5%, while for LM injuries, it showed sensitivity of 85.00% and specificity of 98.6%. For ACL injuries, MRI showed sensitivity of 86.7% and specificity of 93.8%, and for PCL injuries, MRI showed sensitivity of 84.5% and specificity of 98.8. For ACL injuries, the best concordance was with CE, while for MM and LM injuries, it was with MRI (P
    Conclusions
    Meniscal and ligament injuries in traumatic knee injury can be diagnosed through careful clinical examination, while requests for MRI can be reserved for complex or doubtful cases. CE and MRI used together have high sensitivity for ACL, PCL, and MM lesions, while for LM lesions, the specificity is higher.
    Keywords: Knee Injury, Clinical Examination, MRI, Meniscus, Ligament
  • Naser Mehrdadi, Gholamreza Nabi Bidhendi, Saeid Nazemi*, Aliakbar Roudbari Pages 25-28
    Background
    Holding excessive amount of sludge has turned into a major problem for the wastewater treatment plants. Nucleic acids, enzymes, proteins, and polysaccharides are some organic materials which could be found in the sludge. The main objective of this study was to investigate the efficiency of Fenton process in protein recovery from dairy sludge.
    Methods
    Our case for the study was the waste activated sludge produced at the wastewater treatment plant of Fajr dairy industry in Shahrood, Iran. Fenton process was applied to a 1.5 L sludge sample. At first, the pH of the sludge was adjusted to 3 using H2SO4. The second step was the addition of Fe(II) at certain concentrations. Then, different H2O2 concentrations were added to the sample. The mixed sample was stirred at 120 rpm for 6 h and was neutralized with Ca(OH)2.The sludge was dewatered in the pilot-scale filter press and filtered. The soluble protein content in the supernatant of the disintegrated sludge derived from the Fenton process was recovered by dialysis and dried at −40°C for 24 h.
    Results
    The results showed that after the Fenton process, SSi, TCODi, SCODi, and SCODa levels were 11275, 13800, 115, and 3450 mg/L respectively. Also, after the Fenton process, the concentration of the soluble proteins increased from 52.48 to 1732 mg/L, whereas after subsequent protein recovery, its concentration in the supernatant was 1180 mg/L.
    Conclusions
    Based on the findings, the protein recovered from the excess sludge throughout the Fenton process can be used as animal feed.
    Keywords: Protein, Sludge, Dairy industrial
  • Afsaneh Sadeghian, Ghazale Neymati, Pouneh Zolfaghari, Elahe Yahyaei, Mehrisadat Mirghasemi, Mohammad Bagher Sohrabi * Pages 29-32
    Background
    Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a common and dangerous complication that should be diagnosed as soon as possible.This study aimed to validate transcutaneous bilirubin in comparison with serum bilirubin for the detection of hyperbilirubinemiain neonates.
    Methods
    This cross-sectional study was conducted in 280 infants with jaundice who were referred to Bahar Hospital in Shahroud in 2016. The serum bilirubin was measured by the photometric method. Three measurements of transcutaneous bilirubin were performed (by Bilichek) for each infant, and their average was recorded. The sensitivity and specificity of transcutaneous bilirubin measurements were assessed in comparison with the measurements using laboratory methods as the gold standard using ROC analysis.
    Results
    Of the 280 neonates, 153 (54.6%) were male. The mean age of the patients was 11.77 ± 4.6 days. The mean bilirubin level was 16.9 ±10.1 mg/dl measured usingthe BiliChek method and 15.3 ± 9.5 mg/dl using the laboratory method, and the difference was significant (p<0.04). The sensitivity and specificity of the BiliChek measurements in neonates were 88.3% and 73.6%, respectively. According to the findings from the ROC curve, the cut off point was determined to be more than 14.7 units (surface area below the curve (AUC) = 87.5%).
    Conclusion
    The results of this study showed that the accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) of the BiliChek device was good and can be used to measure the neonatal bilirubin.
    Keywords: Hyperbilirubinaemia, Serum bilirubin, Transcutaneous bilirubin, Neonates