فصلنامه پرستاری دیابت
سال پنجم شماره 3 (تابستان 1396)

Type 2 diabetes is a common disorder of carbohydrate metabolism and a common chronic disease. Garlic is beneficial for patients with diabetes due to its diverse compounds. Also, cumin is one of the medicinal herbs, the role of which has been highlighted in treating diabetes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of cumin and garlic on glycosylated hemoglobin in type 2 diabetic patients.
In this clinical trial, 75 diabetic patients with type 2 diabetes were selected from Diabetes Clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital of Zabol, Iran. The participants were randomly divided into three groups of garlic powder, cumin extract, and control. Firstly, glycosylated hemoglobin of the patients was measured and then the patients were followed up for two months. Glycosylated hemoglobin of the patients was re-measured after the intervention. To analyze the data, paired t-test and ANOVA were performed in SPSS, version 22.
In the garlic consumption group, the mean of HbA1c showed no significant differences before and after the intervention (P=0.11), while this mean difference was significant in the cumin group (P=0.001). Based on the findings, there was no significant difference in mean HbA1c among the three groups of garlic, cumin and control before the intervention (P=0.04), but after the intervention, this difference was significant (P=0.04).
We observed the effects of cumin on the improvement of HbA1c level. Accordingly, the complementary use of cumin may be useful in managing diabetes and its subsequent complications.

Type I diabetes is the most common chronic diseases of childhood and adolescence. Long-term and short-term complications of the disease affects the patient's ability for self-care behaviors that. Given that a factor affecting self-care behaviors in patients with diabetes, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and some related factors in adolescents with type I diabetes were studied.
The present cross-sectional study was performed on adolescents with diabetes. 100 adolescents with diabetes were selected by census method. Demographic information questionnaire and Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale(DMSES) were applied to obtain data.to analyze the data, in addition to descriptive Statistics, Independent t and multivariate regression analysis were performed using spss18.
Average score adolescents with diabetes self-efficacy was 91/68±21/06. Between self-efficacy scores were statistically significant differences between male and female adolescents (p=0.04). Pearson test showed a direct relationship between blood glucose control component with age (p=0.005), sex (p=0.006) and education (p=0.002). Also There was a significant relationship between Medical care component with Birth rank (p=0.002), age(p=0.000), duration of illness (p=0.007), education (p=0.01). Multivariate regression analysis showed that only gender had the ability to predict self-care behaviors (p=0.04).
Sex is one of the factors affecting self-efficacy in adolescents with diabetes and Predicts self-care behaviors. The Birth rank can affect the self-efficacy of adolescents in medical care component.

Menopause is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases, weight gain, and a progressive reduction in insulin sensitivity in women. It has been postulated that this is due to diminished estradiol secretion. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of combination exercise training on body mass index, body fat percentage, heart rate, and levels of serum cortisol and estradiol in overweight and obese postmenopausal women with blood glucose disorder.
Materials and Methodgy: This semi-experimental study had a pretest-posttest design. Twenty-two untrained, sedentary, and apparently healthy postmenopausal women with the mean age of 55.7±4.82 years, mean fasting blood sugar level of 108±7.8 mg/dl, and impaired fasting blood glucose (FBS: 100-126 mg/dl) were entered into this eight-week randomized, controlled study. The participants were assigned to intervention (n=12) and control (n=10) groups. The intervention group performed combination resistance-aerobic exercise training three days a week, while the control group performed no formal exercise. Pre- and post-intervention, body mass index, body fat percentage, heart rate, and serum cortisol and estradiol levels were measured. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the hypothesis.
Body mass index, body fat percentage, resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate significantly reduced after training (P=0.001). Serum estradiol significantly elevated (13.21±2.95 vs 16.94±3.24 pg/ml; P=0.002) and serum cortisol significantly diminished (186.4±59.36 vs 135.19±22.4 nmol/l; P=0.001).
Combination resistance-aerobic exercise probably results in reduced body mass index, body fat percentage, heart rate variable, and serum cortisol; whereas it increased serum estradiol among overweight and obese postmenopausal women with impaired fasting blood glucose..

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic metabolic diseases. The crisis provoked by this disease leads to seeking moral support as a coping mechanism. Spiritual well-being is one of the basic concepts associated with handling the problems and tension caused by the disease. Based on former studies, type II diabetes has a negative impact on quality of life. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between spiritual health and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes.
This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 100 patients referring to diabetes clinic of Zabol, Iran, who met the inclusion criteria. Spiritual well-being (SWB) and quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaires were employed for data collection. After completing the questionnaires, the collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS, version 20.
According to the obtained results, the mean score of spiritual well-being was 91.69±10.26, indicating the favorable condition of the patients in this regard. Mean score of quality of life (232.21±43.65) also demonstrated that the participants were in a relatively good state. Furthermore, we found a positive association between quality of life and its subscales and spiritual health and its subscales (P To improve quality of life, developing plans and approaches to promote spiritual well-being of diabetic patients can be beneficial.

Diabetes is one of the most common and no communicable diseases associated with major complications. Patient participation in the process of therapy is one of the effective factorsin controlling the diabetes complications, as well as improving their quality of life and treatment efficacy. This study aimed to analyzethe self-care behaviors and their related factorsin patients with type II diabetes.
This descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional cohort study was conducted by census method on 129 patients withtype II diabetes referred to the Ardabil Diabetic Clinic, Ardabil, Iran, during 2016. Data were collectedusinga demographic form and Summary of Diabetes Self Care Activities (SDSCA) scale, which determines the self-care behaviors during thepast week. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation tests, Chi-squared, and t-test were run in SPSS, version 16.
In this study, out of the 129 included diabetic patients, 64(49.6%) and 65(50.4%) subjects were male and female, respectively. Their mean age was 56.82 years and 63.56% of them were affected by at least one other chronic disease. The self-care score of 46.5% of the patients was reported to beaverage. The self-care behaviors were significantly correlated with the level of income (p=0/001), age (p=0/004), and marital status (p=0/001). Moreover, there was a significant correlation between several self-care components (e.g.,regular blood glucose monitoring, diet and medicationcompliance, and foot care).
Given the fact that the majority of thediabetic patients had an average score of self-care,regular, purposeful, and model-based educational interventions are recommended to identify behavioral barriers and promote self-care.

In addition to the known risk factors, the role of different micronutrients such as selenium in the incidence of diabetes has been proposed. Several studies demonstrated a relationship between selenium deficiency and type II diabetes, while others did not confirm this relationship. This study aimed to evaluate the serum selenium level in patients with type II diabetes compared to a control group.
This cross-sectional cohort study was conducted on the patients with type II diabetes in Zahedan, Iran. This study was conducted on 280 individuals divided into two groups. The case group consisted of 140 patients newly diagnosed with type II diabetes, and the control group included 140 individuals from the general population with normal blood sugar level. The control group subjects were matched in pairs with those of the case group based on gender, age (±1 year), and body mass index (±1). The serum selenium level was determined by spectrometry, and the obtained results were compared using t-test.
The mean serum selenium level in the patients was 91.68±16.78 μg/L, while it was 144.25±21.96 μg/L in the control group. There was a significant difference between the groups regarding the mean serum selenium level (P According to the results, low serum selenium level was associated with the incidence of diabetes. A larger sample size is required to evaluate the serum selenium level in diabetic patients. Moreover, further prospective studies are recommended to investigate the effect of selenium supplementation on the incidence of diabetes.

One of the biggest challenges that the diabetic patients face with is learning how to live with diabetes and control daily blood glucose level. Therefore, patient education with the aim of patient empowerment in self-care, optimal blood glucose control, and ultimately promotion of quality of life is considered as one of the significant health indicators and important areas of diabetes care. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of using jigsaw technique on adherence to drug therapy among the patients with type II diabetes mellitus.
Material and This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 35 diabetic patients referring to diabetes clinic in Zabol, Iran, in 2015. The study population was selected through simple random sampling technique. The patients filled out the eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) and demographic form. After performing the blood test for the measurement of hemoglobin A1c (Hba1c) level, the patients were divided into seven groups of five cases. Subsequently, three sessions of educational intervention was performed with one-week intervals using the jigsaw technique. After three months, MMAS was completed again and the Hba1c level was remeasured. The data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software.
According to the results, the mean age of the participants and the mean diabetes duration were 55.48±8.86 and 11.54±5.3 years, respectively. Furthermore, the mean adherence to medication showed a significant increase in the post-intervention stage, compared to that in the pre-intervention stage (P Regarding the obtained results, the jigsaw technique, which is an active cooperative method, can be used in patient education programs.