فهرست مطالب

Focus on Science - Volume:3 Issue: 1, Jan-Mar 2017

Focus on Science
Volume:3 Issue: 1, Jan-Mar 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/12/02
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Reza Bidaki, Hamid Mirhosseini, Meysam Hosseini Amiri, Mohammad Asadpour, Mojtaba Babaei Zarch, Fatemeh Arab Baniasad, Sara Mirhosseini Page 1
    Introduction
    The Internet was originally designed to facilitate communication and research activities. However, the dramatic increase in internet usage in recent years has led to pathological use (Internet addiction). There is a high incidence of internet addiction in Iran synchronous to the other regions of the world. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of internet usage among the students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences.
    Methods
    The present study was done on 400 students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science. The amount of internet usage was measured with a standard questionnaire and compared with demographic information of volunteers. Data were analyzed by SPSS (Version 17) using chi-square and ANOVA tests.
    Results
    This study included about 400 students of various medical courses and fields. One hundred-sixteen students were female and 284 students were male. Average of 61.6% had degrees of internet addiction. 52.5% of students had low internet addiction and 9.1% of students had moderate internet addiction. On the basis of our findings, amount of internet usage was not related to age, sex, marital status and the field of the students. Duration of internet use, settling and type of search motor were significantly related to internet addiction.
    Conclusions
    Internet addiction is very prevalent among students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science. It is necessary to design plans for prevention of internet addiction and promoting healthy use of the Internet.
    Keywords: Internet, Behavior, Addictive, Students, Iran
  • Zahra Tolou Ghamari Page 2
    Introduction
    In a recent study of 5360 deceased records′ within a local teaching hospital in Isfahan/Iran, neurological disorders′ ranked as the main cause of mortality among others. Additionally based on previous global reports, it seems that approximately 150000 individuals die within hospital every day. Therefore the current study aims to provide an atlas for the major causes of death correlated to neurologic disorders′ in a local hospital in Isfahan/Iran.
    Methods
    A retrospective survey of 1036 deceased individuals due to neurologic disorders′ (comprised of n = 607 males and n = 429 females), was carried out from the years 2011 to 2014. The study was conducted to Isfahan Kidney Transplantation Research Center (IKTRC). Death reported data such as age, gender, final code of death, date of admission, and duration of hospital stay were noted in Excel. The statistical analyses of d-Base were performed using SPSS (version 20) for windows. Descriptive statistics such as mean, minimum, maximum was reported for variables of interest.
    Results
    Out of total population studied 59% were males. Age related death in the 79% was between 31 to 96 years old of life. Location of disorders that caused death were ranked as brain (n = 89%) > both brain and spinal cord (n = 5%) > spinal cord (n = 4%). Ranked reasons of death due to brain disorders resulted as: unspecified intracranial hemorrhage (n = 283; 41%) > stroke (n = 224; 32%) > traumatic intracranial injuries (n = 186; 27%) and other reasons (n = 24%). With a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 162 days, the mean hospital stay in this group was 11.9 days. In the 52% of deceased population due to spinal cord injuries, age at death was under 15 years old of life. The average hospital stay within this group of deceased before death was 15.3 days with a minimum of 1 to a maximum of 74 days. There were 7 reported deaths due to multiple sclerosis at the minimum and maximum age of 22 and 66 years old.
    Conclusions
    The evaluation based on clinical research maps from this study could help upcoming investigation for inserting the new strategy of the multi-dimensional difference of main reasons of death due to neurological disorders in Isfahan/Iran. Finally in order to achieve for improved clinical, pharmacological or surgical performance and management, or a more profitable founding of health incomes, further study in this direction recommended.
    Keywords: Atlas, Death, Stroke, Intracranial, Iran
  • Khursheda Parvin, Masayuki Fujita, Mirza Hasanuzzaman Page 3
    Introduction
    This experiment was set up to investigate the beneficial effect of salicylic acid to reduce the harmful consequence of salinity on cabbage productivity where Salt stress severely limits plant growth, development and yield.
    Methods
    We had grown cabbage plants under different levels of NaCl salinity (0, 4, 8 dS m -1) alone or supplemented with foliar spray of different concentrations of salicylic acid (SA, 0, 0.25 and 0.5 mM). This experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Collected all data were statistically analyzed following the analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique using MSTAT-C program and the mean differences were adjudged by least significant difference (LSD) test at 5% level of significance.
    Results
    Results showed that, higher concentrated salt treated plants give the significant lower growth and head yield. Plant growth as well as yield of cabbage such as heads thickness, diameter and weight were decreased with increased level of salinity such as 8 dS m-1 compared with other treatment. While, foliar application of SA increased growth and yield also hindered stress induced growth and production inhibition. The improvement in plant height, leaf number, leaf length and breadth, foliage coverage, number of root and weight, head thickness, diameter and weight were increased with increased concentration of SA and higher value were recorded from 0.50 mM SA.
    Conclusions
    It can be concluded that SA improve the plant defense system to resist the toxic effect of salinity.
    Keywords: Abiotic Stress, Foliage Coverage, Osmotic Stress, Plant Growth, Regulators Plant Root
  • Vida Harandi, Noshirvan Khezri Moghadam Page 4
    Introduction
    Dysgraphia (disorder in dictation, disorder of written expression) is considered as one of common disorders among students, where there are different methods on how to cope with and treat it. The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Neurofeedback (NFB) Training Method and Fernald’s multi-sensory approach on students’ dictation disorder in Rafsanjan city in 2015.
    Methods
    Twenty six students (age 7-11 years), suffering from dysgraphia, were selected using convenience sampling method from those who referred to Rafsanjan’s Javaneh Consultation Center and randomly divided into two groups, neurofeedback and Fernald. Initially, we conducted a dictation test (pretest) and Raven′s Progressive Matrices. The students that their dictations score were 50/100 or lower enrolled to study. In the NFB group, we applied 15 sessions of neurofeedback training in areas C3 and C4 to strengthen the SMR waves, whereas the second group received 15 sessions of training using Fernald’s multi-sensory approach. Then, both groups were participated in a dictation test at the end of their training processes. Finally, data analyzed by using independent and paired t-test and Cohen′s effect size.
    Results
    The mean score of dictation in NFB and Fernald groups were 34.2 ± 3.87 and 32.9 ± 4.66 respectively. The difference was not significance (P = 0.043). The mean scores of dictation in posttest in NFB and Fernald groups were higher than pretest. The difference was significance (P
    Conclusions
    The results of our study indicated that each of both Fernald and neurofeedback training methods can be used to improve dictation performance among students suffered from dictation disorder, where depending upon students’ circumstances and parents’ choice, the process of selecting an appropriate method out of these methods can be proceeded.
    Keywords: Neurofeedback, Education, Fernald Multisensory Approach, Dysgraphia
  • Zahra Tolou Ghamari Page 5
    Background
    Attention to spirituality could be a good way of communication, phenomenon and definitive evidence in order to commemoration of God compassionate. In such events praise of God compassionate could be a guide to recognize secret alternatives to healing approach connected to dissimilar phases of diseases. By considering in heart and compassionate performing, medical staffs are stimulated to follow therapy, management and advocates to save life and to relief others.
    Objectives
    The aim of this review was to bring the importance of attention to spirituality believing of patients by commemoration of God in events that pharmacotherapy or surgical attempts could not able to lead toward satisfied outcome.
    Methods
    3830 patients with diagnosed neurologic disorders, 743 kidney recipients and 100 liver recipients were studied. The key words relevant to topic of study were searched through DOAJ, Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Web of Science.
    Results
    Health security and returning patients health have been the most significant subjects in the world of medicine and wellbeing for centuries. In addition to pharmacotherapy and surgical strategies for patients who suffer from the disease of central nervous system (CNS) or transplanted patients (kidney-liver) the role of moral and psychological theories as a framework for regulation of chronic illness behaviors seem to be important in the world of contemporary medicine. Interpretation to spirituality in patients who have not a good response to pharmacological or surgical treatment, appear to improve clinical outcome.
    Conclusions
    In addition to pharmacotherapy (as first approach of treatment) or surgical strategies (as second line of management), reminding attention to when I am ill, God cures me, established to be valuable; 1) for the families of brain death in terms of organ donation (donor), 2) transplanted organ for graft survival (recipients of heart, kidney and liver) and 3) in patients with CNS disease such as; Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Huntington′s, Locked-in syndrome, Tourette′s and many other related disease. Finally remembrance of this sentence for patients or their family could be helpful; we all belong to God Enormous and we all will return to God Compassionate.
    Keywords: Spirituality, Donors, Central Nervous System, Disease, Transplantation, God Compassionate
  • Mojtaba Babaei Zarch, Mansour Moghimi, Mohammad Hossein Dadgarnia, Seyed Mojtaba Ghelmani, Mohammad Baghi Yazdi, Fatemeh Imani Page 6
    Introduction
    Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors are rare sarcomas derived from peripheral nerves or their sheaths. Head and neck region involvement in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors has been reported in only 15% of cases.
    Case Presentation
    A 45-year-old man presented to us because of left forehead area swelling. Computed tomography scan demonstrated a mass originating from left frontal sinus which was associated with bone destruction and soft tissue invasion. Post-operative histopathologic studies and immunohistochemical analysis of the lesion, confirmed «malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor» as a diagnosis.
    Conclusions
    This case provides evidence that, although rare, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors can occur in frontal sinus. Combination of microscopic and immunohistochemical analysis is required for diagnosis of MPNSTs.
    Keywords: Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors, Frontal Sinus, Head, Neck Neoplasms
  • Malika Benyachou, Abdelmoughit Echchaoui, Ahmed El Hankari, Samir El Mazouz, Nour Eddine Gharib, Abdellah Abbassi Page 7
    Introduction
    A pseudoaneurysm of the superficial temporal artery (STA) is a rare clinical entity and potentially cause of pulsatile mass in forehead or scalp following blunt trauma, the diagnosis can primarily made by the history of head trauma, physical examination and confirmed by imaging studies. Surgical excision after ligature of both ends of STA seem to be highly effective and yields excellent results.
    Case Presentation
    We report a new case of a 25 years old male, presented with pseudoaneurysm arising from his right side of the forehead, which was removed surgically without recurrence at ten months of follow-up.
    Conclusions
    This infrequent condition requires our attention in order to reach an early diagnosis for prompt surgical intervention.
    Keywords: Carotid Artery Injuries, Temporal Arteries, Blunt Trauma, Margins of Excision
  • Reza Bidaki, Bonnie Bozorg, Mahdieh Mojibian, Atena Fallah Page 8