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Focus on Science - Volume:3 Issue: 3, Jul-Sep 2017

Focus on Science
Volume:3 Issue: 3, Jul-Sep 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/06/30
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Nooshin Delfan, Hamid Galehdari, Mohammad Shafiei, Saieid Reza Khatami, Tahereh Seifi, Rezvan Zabihi, Faride Ghanbari, Tahereh Latifi, Maryam Mohaghegh, Nastaran Majdinasab Page 1
    Introduction
    There is accumulating evidence that the MHC gene variants are associated with some autoimmune disease. This recent publication on MHC population frequencies included a number of tables characterizing the frequency alleles and haplotypes in Khuzestan province. Identification of HLA alleles is helpful in anthropological, transplantation and disease studies, Investigating the frequency and association of HLA-DRB1*1501, -DQA1*0102, -DQB1*0602, -DRB5*01 and -A*0301 alleles and haplotypes in normal population according to gender and ethnicity, were the aim of this study.
    Methods
    The frequency distribution of HLA DRB1*1501, DQA1*0102, DQB1*0602, DRB5*01 and A*0301 were studied in Iranian normal population of Khuzestan province analyzing by polymerase chain reaction using specific sequence primers (PCR-SSP) method in 242 healthy blood donors without any disease. We also examined the relationship of genotypes with gender and ethnic.
    Results
    DRB1*1501 as the most frequent DRB allele had frequency of 42.85%. In contrast, the allelic frequency of DRB5*01 was very low (21.5%). In the HLA alleles DQA1*0102 was the most prevalent variant (71%). fifty percent of the population was positive with DQB1*0602 allele. Interestingly, it was found that DQA1*0102+DRB5*01- haplotype was associated with gender and this haplotype was associated with ethnicity, too. The most frequent two, three, four and five allelic haplotypes were DRB5*01--A*301-(83.52%) (Neither carrying the DRB5*01 allele nor A*301), DQB1*0602+A*301--DQA1*0102 (31.91%), DRB1*1501--DQB1*0602+A*301--DQA1*0102 (24.32%) and DRB1*1501+DQB1*0602+DQA1*0102+A*301--DRB5*01- (26.76%).
    Conclusions
    The results of allele frequencies are consistent with some other studies. Our recent study gives a new insights into the immunogenetic map and HLA genetic profile of normal population in Khuzestan province, southwest of Iran, confirming the DQA1*0102+DRB5*01- haplotype association with sex and ethnicity in a previously unreported population. So our results encourage future research to investigate the potential functional relevance of these haplotypes.
    Keywords: HLA DRB1*1501, HLA DQA1*0102, HLA DQB1*0602, HLA DRB5*01, HLA A*0301, Haplotype, PCR-SSP, Iran
  • Borden Mushonga, ThÉophile Benimana, Erick Kandiwa, Simbarashe Chinyoka, Alaster Samkange, Alec Bishi, Gervais Habarugira Page 2
    Background
    This study was undertaken to evaluate the major causes of mortality at different stages of incubation and their economic impact in response to sustainability challenges at the Rwandan National Hatchery.
    Methods
    The study evaluated the fertility, hatchability and embryonic deaths in broiler-producing flocks (B series) and layer-producing flocks (L series) at Rubilizi, a state-owned hatchery in Kigali, Rwanda.
    Results
    Mean fertility in the B series (94.23%) was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from that of the L series (93.24%). Mean hatchability in the B series (57.39%) was significantly (P 0.05).
    Conclusions
    Low hatchability in the L series possibly resulted from the higher number of embryonic deaths and hatch debris and not from reduced fertility or cull chicks. Total chick losses during the study amounted to US$54 327.00. The hatchery was experiencing more losses in layers than in broilers as emanating from low hatchability of the layers. Further investigations are needed with aim to maximise the hatchery’s capacity.
    Keywords: Embryo Loss, Congenital Abnormalities, Pips, Foot Rot, Germ Layers
  • Reza Bidaki, Fariba Sepehri, Rezvan Sadr Mohammadi, Omid Kamali, Mojtaba Babaei Zarch, Hamid Mirhoseini Page 3
    Introduction
    Due to some physical and mental symptoms and failure to accept the reality, Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients suffer from negative mood disorders and trauma, and this would have negative effects on their quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of EEG biofeedback on MS patients’ quality of life and depression symptoms.
    Methods
    The design is Quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The sample, 20 patients in experiment (10) and control (10) groups, is all of the MS patients of Yazd that have a record in clinics or MS Association, and is chosen by convenience sampling. Before the treatment started, patients had filled the HADS depression scale and MSQOL-54 quality of life questionnaire, then, in the post-test and follow-up stages, these evaluations were done again. The treatment lasted for 15 sessions, two sessions per week, and the follow-up was done three months after the post-test. The data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed by SPSS17 software using descriptive tests (mean and standard deviation) and inferential tests (covariance analysis).
    Results
    Research findings shows that EEG biofeedback decreases the depression level and increases the quality of life of patients with MS.
    Conclusions
    MS results in many symptoms, and its sufferers may need a mental rehabilitation in future, therefore, EEG biofeedback can be applied by therapists as a complementary therapy in clinics and therapeutic centers.
    Keywords: Multiple Sclerosis, Neurofeedback, Depression, Quality of Life
  • Atefeh Sargazi, Aliyeh Sargazi, Prigil Kumar Nadakkavukaran Jim, Zahra Sepehri Page 4
    Introduction
    Tuberculosis (TB) is known as an infectious disease with high burden from a long time. Various strategies are implemented to control its spread in the world and this study is to evaluate Tuberculosis Control Program in Sistan.
    Methods
    For this purpose we collected data with the methods of questionnaires, checklists, interviews, documentation review and observation. Using these methods together with data collection will boost the advantages of each single method. Data analyzed by using SPSS-18 software. We considered differences as significant at the level of P
    Results
    Effectiveness and Cost-Benefit considered as the priorities of TCPS evaluation. Current study showed TCPS reduced delayed time between case detection and treatment initiation to less than one week. TB incidence was 96 and 107 per 100,000 of population respectively in 2011 and 2012 i.e. one year before and after TCPS implementation. It increased case detection but SPSS Kruskal Wallis test showed there was not a significant change according to TCPS implementation (P > 0.05). It didn’t have a significant change in patient destiny after implementation. From the each dollar we spend in TCPS implementation (COST), about 0.86 dollar was saved.
    Conclusions
    The reason why TCPS is not fully successful is because either the TB infected contacts were not screened or due to TCPS deviation from world health organization procedures. Current study showed from the each dollar we spend in TCPS implementation, about 0.86 dollar was saved.
    Keywords: Tuberculosis, Environment, Humans, Climate
  • Maryam Masaeli, Ahmadreza Khazaee, Masoud Shahabian Page 5
    Introduction
    Renal colic is an acute syndrome for which relieving the pain is known to be the best treatment. The aim of this randomized clinical trial was comparing the efficacy of intravenous ketorolac with intravenous morphine sulfate in relieving the acute pain of renal colic in patients referred to the emergency department of a tertiary care teaching hospital.
    Methods
    98 cases were selected via convenience sampling method from patients with a presumptive diagnosis of renal colic admitted in the emergency department of Besat Nahaja hospital of Tehran, Iran from March to May 2014 and randomly divided into two groups of equal size, ketorolac, and morphine sulfate. The patients’ vital signs and pain intensity were observed at baseline of the study and after 10, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes of drug administration. Patients were also followed for side effects. The areaunder- the-curve (AUC) was used for pain assessment. Data were analyzed in SPSS 19 using T- test, Chi-square test, and Mann-Whitney test at significance level
    Results
    Demographic and clinical characteristics of the two groups were similar before drug administration. Both drugs were equally effective in reducing pain over time (P-value = 0.17). Side effects of treatment with ketorolac, were significantly less than using morphine sulfate. The most common adverse effects caused by morphine sulfate, were dizziness and vomiting while nausea and vomiting were the most frequent side effects of using ketorolac.
    Conclusions
    Findings of this study indicated that ketorolac and morphine sulfate were equally effective in relieving the pain of renal colic, but given the severity of side effects, ketorolac is the preferred drug.
    Keywords: Ketorolac, Pain Clinics Renal, Colic
  • Farahnaz Bahrami, Parviz Kashefi, Saeed Abbasi, Hamid Mazdak, Zahra Tolou, Ghamari Page 6
    Introduction
    Critical illnesses and subsequent hospitalization of a relative to an intensive care unit (ICU) can result in many psychosocial problems for patient and their family members. Caring for the anxiety and frustration of their families within the first days of patient’s hospitalization is an integral part of critical care nursing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the supportive psychosocial protocol in anxiety of patient families’ located at the ICU, provided within the first days of patient’s hospitalization.
    Methods
    This was a quasi-experimental study. A convince and random sample was recruited over a six months, consisting of seventy-five primary family members of each critically ill patient who had been newly admitted to Isfahan Al-Zahra university hospital. Mean family psychosocial need and anxiety scores’ were measured and compared before and after intervention, using two questionnaires, a critical care family needs inventory (CCFNI) and an Anxiety questionnaire (Spilburger) forms. Different statistical tests were used for data analysis.
    Results
    with a significant difference (P
    Conclusions
    The findings support the effectiveness of supportive psychosocial protocol on ICU patient families’ anxiety to allay anxiety and immediate psychosocial needs. The formation of an ICU patient families’ supportive psychosocial protocol should be based on a need assessment, in order to alleviate their anxiety and meet their immediate psychosocial needs.
    Keywords: Anxiety, Intensive Care Unit, Family, Nurse
  • Leticia Figueira, Anita Israel Page 7
    Adrenomedullin (AM) is a peptide involved in blood pressure regulation. AM exerts its effects through the activation of three receptors, the AM type 1 (AM1), type 2 (AM2) and calcitonin gene-related peptide 1 (CGRP1) receptors. AM triggers several signaling pathways such as adenylyl cyclase (AC), guanylyl cyclase (GC), extracellular signalregulated kinases (ERK) and modulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism. In brain, AM and their receptors are expressed in several localized areas, including the cerebellum. AM has been reported as an antioxidant. Recent evidence suggests the presence of an adrenomedullinergic and angiotensinergic system of physiological relevance in cerebellum vermis. To establish the role of AM in the regulation of cerebellar ROS metabolism, it was assessed the effect of AM and angiotensin II (ANG II) on three antioxidant enzymes activity: catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and on thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) production in rat cerebellar vermis. The findings demonstrated that in cerebellar vermis, AM decreased and ANG II increased CAT, GPx and SOD activity and TBARS production. Likewise, AM antagonized ANG II-induced increase antioxidant enzyme activity. AM(22-50) and CGRP(8-37) blunted AM-induced decrease of antioxidant enzymes activity and TBARS production indicating that these actions are mediated through AM and CGRP1 receptors. Further, PKA inhibitor (PKAi) blunted AM action whilst apocynin and chelerythrine reverted ANG II action, suggesting that AM antioxidant action is mediated through stimulation of protein kinase A (PKA) activity, while ANG II stimulation occurs through protein kinase C/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (PKC/NAD(P)H oxidase) pathway. These results support the role of AM in the regulation of cerebellar antioxidant enzymes activity and suggest a physiological role for AM in cerebellum.
    Keywords: Adrenomedullin, Angiotensin II, Cerebellum, Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase, Superoxide Dismutase, Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances
  • Reza Bidaki, Sogol Alesaeidi, Seyed-Ali Mostafavi, Narges Ghanei Yakhdani, Aida Farsham, Mojtaba Babaei Zarch Page 8
    Introduction
    Trichotillomania (TTM) is a type of impulse control disorder with chronic hair pulling. It effects on behavior, feelings, thoughts and quality of life.
    Case Presentation
    The patient is a 28 year-old single woman that was referred to hair transplantation. She was worried about her appearance, cosmetic problems and marriage. The physician noticed that she is a patient with trichotilomania type of impulse control disorder. After confirming the diagnosis of trichotillomonia by a psychiatrist, pharmacotherapy begun with Rispridone 1 mg at night, Fluvoxamine 50 mg/daily and Clomipramine 5 mg at night. Over nine months of treatment there were significant reductions in hair pulling. She was followed up and finally, the response was acceptable.
    Conclusions
    TTM is a poorly understood disorder that requires more studies. Despite what we know about TTM, those with the disorder report not receiving enough information for diagnose and treatment. However, the information presented in this paper can help us to prevent this disorder, reduceing the prevalence and selecting the appropriate treatment.
    Keywords: Trichotillomania, Hair Transplantation, Psychodermatology