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applied food biotechnology - Volume:2 Issue: 2, Spring 2015

applied food biotechnology
Volume:2 Issue: 2, Spring 2015

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1394/04/28
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
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  • Viroj Wiwanitkit, Mahin Ebrahimi Khoosfi Pages 3-6
    The local food production can be seen worldwide and there are several local wisdoms on food production. The problem on the local food production can be seen and the problem of microbiological contamination is the great concern. The safety consideration is required. In the tropical world, the problem of local tropical food production should be specially discussed. There are many cases of problematic microbiological contamination and the quality management is still the issue for further development.A safe and acceptable approach to increase safety and shelf life of the tropical foods is application of essential oil.
    Keywords: local, tropical, food, contamination, safety, essential oil
  • Say, Yed Hesameddin Tafreshi, Saeed Mirdamadi Pages 7-14
    The use of bacteriocins, mainly nisin, is one of the most significant preservation technologies in food industries. Nisin encapsulation can improve stability and homogenous distribution in food matrices. In this study, liposomes of four various lipids (lipoid S 100, lipoid S PC-3, lipoid S PC and lipoid PC (DPPC)) were prepared by dehydration-rehydration method, compared for entrapment efficiency and lipid with the highest entrapment efficiency (DPPC) was characterized. Inhibitory effects of encapsulated (DPPC nanoliposomes) and free nisin on spoilage of pasteurized milk were also studied. Entrapment efficiency ranged from 14% (lipoid S 100) to 49% (DPPC). DPPC nanoliposomes were large unilamellar vesicles (LUV) and had an asymmetric oval shape (elliptical) with a mean diameter of 136 nm. Our study revealed that pasteurized milk spoilage was delayed by both of free and encapsulated nisin, but free nisin (with 38 days) was significantly more efficient in comparison with encapsulated nisin (14 days).
    Keywords: Encapsulation, Liposome characterization, Milk spoilage, Nisin
  • Satyajit Kanungo, Monika Kumari, Santi Lata Sahoo Pages 15-22
    Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, is an erect evergreen shrub commonly known as Ashwagandha. It is widely used in Ayurvedic and in the traditional pharmacopeia system of India. It is one of the major ingredients in many formulations prescribed for a variety of musculoskeletal conditions including arthritis and rheumatism. In the present study the variation in quality and quantity of protein and antioxidant enzymes were evaluated biochemically and enzymatically from the static and suspension cultures. The nodal segments had provided maximum callusing of 90.25±0.06 % with (1mg/l) of BAP and Kn with (2mg/l) of 2, 4-D. The static and suspension cultures were taken for the analysis of total soluble protein and screened for antioxidant enzyme activity [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX)]. The protein content (1.2016 µg/µl) was found to be higher in static culture samples (0.870 µg/µl) than the protein obtained from the suspension culture. The antioxidant enzyme activity (CAT, SOD and GPX) was higher in static culture samples (301.01± 0.42, 198.92 ± 0.29, 103.75 ± 0.11 nkat/ mg of protein) than that of suspension culture. Specific activity staining of isozyme pattern exhibited three isoforms (CAT 1, CAT 2 and CAT 3) in static culture samples but CAT 1 was absent in the sample extracted from suspension cultures. In case of SOD, four bands (SOD 1, SOD 2, SOD 3 and SOD 4) were found in both the samples whereas intensity of GPX activity was found to be more in static culture but both the samples exhibited three isoforms such as (GPX 1, GPX 2 and GPX 3). The supplementation of required nutrients along with the phytohormones under in vitro condition might be an enhancing factor to yield antioxidant enzymes in the static culture samples.
    Keywords: Antioxidant, Catalase, Isoforms, Protein, Withania somnifera
  • Atieh Seyedin, Fatemeh Yazdian, Ashrafalsadat Hatamian, Zarmi, Behnam Rasekh, Mohammad Mirderikvand Pages 23-30
    Due to the especial properties such as high growth rates, easy extraction as well as high yields, using microorganisms in comparison to other sources is more chosen for pigment production. Pigments are used in food industries as natural colorants and preservatives, they also have pharmaceutical applications. In this study, fungus Monascus purpureus PTCC 5303 have been used to produce red, orange and yellow pigments. At first significant variables were screened based on plackett-Burman design and then the optimized value of two effectivefactors such as yeast extract and K2HPO4 concentrations wasoptimized byresponse surface method. Optimal levels of factors were found to be 2/75 g/L yeast extract and1/5 g/LK2HPO4 respectively. Antimicrobial activity of pigments was evaluated on Gram-positive foodborne bacteria under optimal conditionswhich resultsshowed inhibitory effects. Moreover Pigments production at optimal conditions in a bioreactor was evaluatedand the rate of production of red, orange and yellow pigments, 2.05, 1.55 and 0.78 (ODU/ml) were observed respectively.
    Keywords: Antimicrobial property, Bioreactor, Monascus purpureus, Optimization, Pigment
  • Sanjeev Kumar Diwakar Pages 31-38
    Polyphenol oxidase (EC. 1.10.3.1 PPO) an ionically unbound and thermostable enzyme was extracted from the leaves of Cinnamomum tamala. The enzyme was purified 2.63-fold with a total yield of 9.5% by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography. The purified enzyme exhibited a clear single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) PAGE. It was found to be monomeric protein with molecular mass of about 25 kD. The zymographic study using crude extract as enzyme source showed a very clear band around 25 kD. The enzyme was optimally active at pH 7.0 and 50oC temperature. The enzyme was active in wide range of pH (4.0–9.0) and temperature (30–90oC). From the thermal inactivation studies in the range 60-80oC, the half-life (t1/2) values of the enzyme ranged from 19 to 72 min. The inactivation energy (Ea) value of PPO was estimated to be 94.5 kJ mol-1. It showed higher specificity with substrate catechol (Km=6.8mM). Among metal ions and reagents tested, Cu2+ indicating its role as cofactors, Fe2+, Hg2+, protocatechuic acid, and ferrulic acid enhanced the enzyme activity, while K+, Mg2+, Co2+, kojic acid, L-ascorbic acid, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), urea, sodium azide, β-mercaptoethanol, and L-cysteine inhibited the activity of the enzyme.
    Keywords: Cinnamomum tamala, Ionically unbound polyphenol oxidase, Inactivation kinetics, purification, Thermostable
  • Soheila Davaeifar, Parvin Shariati, Fatemeh Tabandeh, Bagher Yakhchali Pages 39-45
    Identification and use of more efficient enzymes in the food and pharmaceutical industries is the focus of many researchers. The aim of this study was to search for a new bacterial strain capable of producing high levels of pullulanase applicable to biotechnology, the starch bioprocessing and food industries. A new pullulan hydrolyzing Bacillus strain was isolated and designated SDK2. Morphological and biochemical tests identified the strain as a putative Bacillus cereus strain, which was further characterized and confirmed through 16s rRNA sequencing, and was submitted to GeneBank, under the accession number FR6864500. Quantative analysis of the strain’s pullulanase activity was carried out by the Dintrosalicyclic (DNS) acid-based assay. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) of the culture supernatant, identified the extracellular pullulanase as neopullulanase. Effects of temperature and pH on pullulanase activity were also studied. The optimum conditions for enzyme activity, as represented by 60o C and a pH of 7, resulted in an activity of 13.43 U/ml, which is much higher than some of the previously reported activities. However, growth of B. cereus SDK2 was also observed at a pH range of 5 to 10, and temperatures of 30 oC to 50 oC. The effect of metal ions and reagents, such as Mg+2, Ca+2, Zn+2, Cu+2, Fe+2, Ni+2 on enzyme activity showed that Ca+2 ions increased pullulan activity, whereas the other ions and reagents inhibited pullulanase activity. The ability of B. cereus SDK2 to produce high levels of neopullulanase stable at 60 oC that can generate panose from pullulan, make this newly isolated strain a valuable source of debranching enzyme for biotechnology, the starch bioprocess and medical industries.
    Keywords: Bacillus cereus, DNS, based assay, Neopullulanse, 16s rRNA sequencing, Thin layer chromatography
  • Abhishek Dutt Tripathi_S. K Srivastava_Prashant Singh_R. P Singh_S. P Singh_Alok Jha_Poonam Yadav Pages 46-55
    The production of lactic acid from dairy by-product (paneer whey) via SMF by Lactobacillus delbruckii was optimized in the present study. Three process variables viz; inoculum size, temperature and pH were optimized using CCRD. Design Expert 8.0.2.0 trial depicted that an optimum concentration of 8.00 % (v/v) size of inoculum, 5.50 pH and 36.53 °C temperature gave lactic acid and biomass yield of 5.61 g/L and 4.27 g/L, respectively. Lactic acid production was scale up in 7.5 L bioreactor under optimized conditions and it gave lactic acid and biomass yield of 39.2± 1.4 and 47.6 ±0.8 g/L, respectively. µg, YP/S, YP/X and productivity were found to be 0.14 h-1, 0.66 g/g, 0.70 g/g and 1.98 g/L. h, respectively. Leudking Piret equation deduced that lactic acid production was growth associated which varies from earlier reports. Lactic acid was characterized by FTIR and HPLC.
    Keywords: Lactic acid, paneer whey, Lactobacillus delbruckii, central composite rotatable design (CCRD), scale up, Leudking Piret equation