مجله تصویر سلامت
سال چهارم شماره 1 (بهار 1392)

​ The process of receiving meal is one of the most important daily events of university students and managers. Since this process happens within a limited time during the day، and all the students are directly involved in this process، proper management is one of the main factors of conducting this process appropriately. The aim of this study was to evaluate the process of receiving meals step by step and analyzing how this process takes place and finally offer some strategies for promoting the quality of conducting this process at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. The is a cross-sectional study which was conducted by observation، interview and the questionnaires filled out by students and automation section staff. The flowchart for the process of receiving meals of the university was drawn after step by step observation. The questionnaire including 14 questions were answered by 60 students randomly. A suggested flowchart was adjusted after general and specialized analysis of the flowchart in 5W1H method. For analyzing data، Excel 2007 software was applied. Data analysis indicated that 55% of the students believed that too much time was wasted in this process. Currently، each student spends about 43 minutes for having lunch everyday. Although the university has facilitated food reservation by internet، 80% of students do not use this service and refer to self-service restaurant operators and cause long queues. After interviewing with the manager of food section، it was specified that an average amount of Rls. 300،000،000/- is allocated daily for students’ food by students’ deputy which is Rls. 100،000/- for each student and each student pays only 6. 5% of the whole price and 93. 5% of the price is supplied by students’ welfare affairs deputy. The process of receiving meals of students at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences is a time-consuming process and will result in customers’ dissatisfaction. This process could be improved by accomplishing some actions such as distributing catalogs and guidelines for using internet services for reserving food among students and considering encouraging services for students who use the internet service and receive less forgotten token such as discount. The number of referees to operators could be reduced by considering the above mentioned suggestions and improve the process of receiving meals.

Referral time of patients affects treatment course and its success rate. Quick diagnosis of malignant and pre-malignant lesions of oral cavity is of utmost importance. Therefore، this study was aimed to evaluate the correlation of individuals’ socioeconomic status and the patient chief complaint duration in patients with oral pathologic lesions referring to Tabriz dentistry school in the first half of 1391. In this study، 80 patients referring to Tabriz dentistry school were selected randomly according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then، the pre-prepared form containing demographic and information about socioeconomic status was filled out for each patient. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (median) and Mann–Whitney، Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation tests using SPSS 15. The median time of chief complaint duration in males and females was 90 and 14. 50 days respectively and the difference was significant (P=0. 001). The chief complaint duration median in urban and rural residents was 15 and 105 days respectively and the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 001). The median time of chief complaint duration has been decreased when the patient’s educational level has been increased (P<0. 001). Spearman’s correlation revealed that there was a reverse significant correlation between chief complaint duration and individuals’ income (P<0. 01). Based on the findings of this study، patients who were in lower socioeconomic status، the time of visiting (length of complaints) was longer.

In all health systems، maternity health program has an important role for its great effects. Therefore، the evaluation of this program constantly was at the center of attention of managers and policy makers. The current study aimed to analyze maternity health program by focusing on the evaluation process according to the evaluation comprehensive model (CIPPI) in East Azarbaijan. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study and its data were collected by qualitative methods such as observing and interviewing. By evaluating different levels of delivered services، interviewing process owners and customers and reviewing the documents، evaluation process was studied and the results were compared with CIPPI model. The yielded results from the comparison of this program with CIPPI model indicated that from 24 analyzed items in 5 dimensions of this program، only 5 items were measured completely، 5 items measured partially and 14 items were not measured at all. There were other problems including weaknesses in checklist، standards and during the process of evaluation. According to the results، it is concluded that the current model of maternity health evaluation program in Eastern Azarbaijan has a notable gap with an ideal evaluation program and the need for a revise of this program according to efficient and effective evaluation models seems necessary.

The prevalence of hypertension in general is estimated about 18. 4% and women are more affected than men. The overall aim of this study was to investigate factors that increase blood pressure in women with hypertension from the perspective of those who were referred to health house of Beyrag village. This is a study qualitative. Statistical population of this study was 65 women with high blood pressure that were referred to health house in Beyrag village which were chosen by simple sampling method and interviewed individually and in groups. The findings showed that the majority of people with high blood pressure believe that stress and anxiety of routine problems in life are the main causes of their disease. Many interviewees named income and socioeconomic status as the most affecting factors on their health status. Other affecting factors included lack of exercise، poor physical statues and poor diet. The study indicated that the majority of people who participated in this survey used excessive amount of salt and fat due to lack of knowledge about their side effects. Also، according to the results of this study، economy is recognized as a major factor which has a significant impact on human health. Consequently، strategies to improve the health status of women with high blood pressure are advised as follows: 1- modification of lifestyle 2 – healthy diet 3 - light exercise and walking 4 - Stress and anxiety control 5 - regular blood pressure measurement 6 - improving the rural economy.

In order to implement clinical governance successfully, it should be perceived positively and there must be a positive attitude towards it. The current policy of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education about clinical governance requires assessing the knowledge and attitudes of medical students to identify their educational needs and the necessary steps needed to be taken in educational planning, designing and modification of the courses. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of medical students and graduates about clinical governance in 1391. This is a descriptive–analytic study. This research was conducted on 159 students from different medical fields simple random sampling method. For data collecting, a researcher-made questionnaire was used which its validity was confirmed by using content validity and construct validity. To determine the reliability of the questionnaire, internal consistency and Cronbach''s Alpha were used for field of knowledge (0.78) and attitude (0.68). For data analysis, SPSS version 11.5 software was applied using exploratory factor analysis method. 64% of the participants were female and 36% were male. 71% of the participants were in the health care management field and 29% from other medical fields. Mean and standard deviation of knowledge and attitude scores were 64.2 ± 5.8 and 13.06 ± 3.02 respectively. Comparing the students'' and graduates’ knowledge and attitudes with their educational level showed no significant correlation. (P> 0.05) Although, there was a significant correlation between educational level and attitude (P = 0.001). In higher levels of education, students'' attitude towards clinical governance reduced. The knowledge of medical students and graduates was estimated average to high about clinical governance but their attitude was very poor. This reflects negative views of medical students despite the sufficient knowledge about the principles and components of clinical governance. Therefore, appropriate measures should be conducted for localization of clinical governance within ministry and universities to create the culture of clinical governance more acceptable in Iran’s society.

In health care، because of the delicacy and importance of community care issues، evaluation has a particular significance. The lack of evaluation leads not only to increased health care costs، but also neglecting it severely endangers delivering health care. Therefore، given the importance of process evaluation and its impact on improving the performance of hospital wards، especially emergency department، we aimed to represent the evaluation tools and processes of Tabriz hospitals. This is a qualitative and descriptive study. Population study during reviewing evaluation tools consisted of all the evaluation experts and scholars of the hospitals that six participants were selected by purposive sampling method. During reviewing the evaluation process، population study contained all the emergency departments of Tabriz hospitals that were evaluated by manual A of Ministry of Health in which evaluation process was observed in one of them and the required information was collected using interviews. Findings were collected in two parts: analysis tools and evaluation process. The major challenge with evaluation tools included multiple-item questions and questions scoring. Regarding evaluation process، the lack of familiarity of the participants with the philosophy of the evaluation was the main problem. The existing standards and styles of the current evaluation have many shortcomings in various aspects and need reconsideration. To review and modify existing standards and processes and ensuring their proper implementation، comprehensive commitment and supporting are essential.

Library is a growing organism. Consistent with social development، the growth of the nations and the impact of technology change، library management and services change as well. This feature of the libraries requires continues renewal in the ways that libraries administrate and manage their performance and services. They need to employ appropriate methods to link the information and knowledge sources with tools and channels that users prefer to use. Total quality management as one of the modern approaches could be utilized in medical libraries to ensure quality in performance and service. This paper reviews the components of TQM and its applications in libraries within available literatures.