مجله تصویر سلامت
سال ششم شماره 1 (بهار 1394)

In order to adapt with the changing conditions and meeting the requirements, health systems in different countries require reform within their structure and function and doubtless, proper evaluation and monitoring are necessary in order to reduce the shortcomings. On this basis, the current study aimed to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the Health System Reform in Iran from the aspect of managers and nurses of Tabriz Taleqani Hospital in 2014. This is a qualitative study which was done three months after launching the reform. The participants consisted of 27 managers and nurses. First, the non-structured interviews and then the semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. For data analysis, the content analysis was used. The results showed that the best outcomes of reform were obtained in “reduction in patient’s expenses” part and worst outcomes were gained in “physicians’ residency”, “improving the quality of the visits” and “promoting normal vaginal delivery (NVD)” sections. Finally, the researchers offered practical suggestions to resolve problems and shortcomings. This study indicated that despite the success of this reform in some aspects, there are notable challenges and problems in other areas that require managers and policy makers’ attention.

The increase in the use of electronic resources in academic and scientific research centers and rising cost of preparing and getting access to these resources is the main reason for the importance of evaluating the amount of use from electronic resources considering appropriate use of funds in this paper. In this study, full-text usage of e-journals of five publishers (Elsevier, John Wiley, Oxford, Emrald and ProQuest) was investigated in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences from 2010 to 2012. This is a descriptive-survey research. The required data were acquired from publishers by Counter Reporting. Then, the data were analyzed and tables and diagrams were drawn by Excel software. According to the research findings, among five studied publishers, Elsevier journals had the highest number of downloading full-text articles. After Elsevier, Wiley, Oxford Journals, ProQuest and Emerald were in next ranks respectively. Tabriz University of Medical Sciences has a good manner in meeting the users’ information needs by appropriate policy-making and specifying efficient fund in selecting available journals by Elsevier. Also, there could be a direct relationship between Tabriz University of Medical Sciences’ users’ level of familiarity and Elsevier journals.

Accrual Accounting System was developed to determine the actual cost of organizational performance. This type of accounting approach is adopted as a main control lever for development and implementation of operational budget within public organizations. Since medical universities play a significant role in society's health and the major part of the country’s budget is devoted to it, the study was accomplished to study the main findings of Iranian New Financial Plan in a governmental medical university. Study will provide better insight on how the plan could meet supposed objectives. In this cross-sectional study, 46 accounting staffs of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) were selected by accidental sampling and studied by using a 22-item questionnaire. Respondents were asked to answer the questions about how the plan was performed in their departments and whether it was a success or a failure. We used T-Test and Analysis of Variance for mean comparison. Data were analyzed using SPSS16 software. Most of the respondents were male (52.2%) and graduated with bachelor degree in accounting and 65% of the respondents had at least a little knowledge of accrual accounting fundamentals. The study results showed that most of the respondents implied that the outcomes of the implemented plan were satisfying. Respondents who were graduated in financial majors had higher satisfaction rate than others. The role of a comprehensive information system as an underlying and challenging necessity should be emphasized in accrual accounting system. Performance based budgeting system as a frequently focused program in Iranian socio-economic public organizations and Iran’s Ministry of Health and Medical Education should be fitted with the settlement of new financial plan.

The satisfaction of emergency department (ED) patients is considered as an important indicator of hospitals quality. This study aimed to evaluate service quality (SQ) from patients’ perspective in ED.

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 120 admitted patients in emergency department of Imam Reza hospital of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2011. Service Quality was measured using researcher-developed questionnaire. Questionnaire content validity was reviewed and confirmed by 10 experts and its reliability was confirmed based on Cronbach's alpha index (α = 0. 827). A measure of service quality was derived by combining the relative importance and actual performance of ED staffs. Service Quality was calculated using SQ = 10–(Importance×Performance). Independent Samples Test and Analysis of Variance were conducted to compare SQ score between categorical variables. Data were analyzed using the SPSS-17 statistical package.

From the customers’ point of view, the average service quality score was 8.77 of 10. Furthermore, confidentiality, dignity and availability achieved the highest and of nutritional services, safety, cost and continuity of care got the lowest SQ scores from the patients’ perspective.

Improving quality of delivered care in ED depends on the understanding of the current situation and its weaknesses. It is possible to improve quality of delivered care by implementing effective interventions according to the results of study findings and by considering focus on dimensions which have worst quality.

Pediculosis (head lice), is one of the parasitic diseases that has spread worldwide. Head lice are common in communities such as schools, garrisons, and campuses and dormitories but in schools, especially in primary schools are considerably high. This infection causes health and psychological problems and social impacts that can lead to educational fall. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of head lice and its influencing factors in the feminine primary schools of Bonab county of East Azerbaijan province during 2014-2015. This cross-sectional study was performed on 3757 primary schools students by a multi-stage random sampling. The data were collected from the questionnaire and physical examination of hair. Statistical Analysis was done by the Chi-square test. 106 of 3757 students were infected by pediculosis. This study indicated that 2/82 % of students in primary schools have been infected with head lice. Prevalence of pediculosis showed a significant correlation between variables factors such as the bathroom, use of personal belongings, parent education, personal hygiene and father’s occupation (P<0.05). However, the relationship between the prevalence of pediculosis and grade of student was not significant. This study indicated that the awareness of parents and personal hygiene of students reduce the risk of head lice infection in Bonab primary schools.

This study has been accomplished with the aim of investigating the relationship between manager's communication skills and conflict management in elementary schools in the city of Ardabil. This is a cross-sectional study. The statistical population consisted of 150 elementary school principals in Ardabil. 106 participants were selected by using Krejcie-Morgan table randomly and through stratified sampling method. Data were collected through Jerabek communication skills questionnaire and Robbins conflict management questionnaire. Questionnaire’s face validity was reviewed and confirmed by the experts. Their reliability coefficient was (0.82) for communication skills and (0.95) for conflict management by using Cronbach's alpha. Data were analyzed using analytical and descriptive statistical methods (Pearson correlation coefficient test, single-sample t-test, and multiple regression). Results showed that there are positive and significant relationship between communication skills (effective listening, understanding and sending messages, regulating emotions, insight into learning process, and decisiveness in communication) and conflict management strategies(denial of opposition, control, solution orientation). Communication skills such as effective listening can be a good predictor for solving conflicts in conflict management but understanding and sending messages cannot predict conflict management abilities of managers.

Recently, the role of universities in developing and education of culture is considered increasingly but Iranian universities have great distance in achieving the desired objectives in this context. So, this study aimed to survey the cultural infrastructure and performance in medical sciences universities of Iran. This is a cross-sectional study that was done using researcher-made checklist which its face and content validity were approved by the cultural expert's opinion via statistical indicators. The study was conducted in census method by responses of 25 managers of cultural affairs in medical sciences universities of Iran. The obtained data were analyzed descriptively and results were reported as frequency (percentages) for qualitative and mean (standard deviation) for quantitative variable. The study results were presented in four areas: “the general status of universities in cultural affairs”, “cultural facilities of the universities”, “the activity of cultural organizations and publications in universities” and “performance of cultural deputies”. The results showed that although there are considerable strengths, the significant weaknesses are evident in all areas. The results of the present study were focused solely on the quantity of functions, and quality evaluation of each activity requires special attention and further investigations and interventions. Researchers hope that the authorities and planners use the results of this study and similar studies especially in quality of cultural practices of universities and move towards improving the status of culture in medical sciences universities in developing Iranian-Islamic culture.

Nowadays among majority of societies, the problem of aging as a social issue has been concentrated due to its rapid increase and its consequences. Regarding level of its development, each country would face the problem sooner or later but it can be predicted that most societies will encounter the phenomena. According to the present statistics in Iran, the ratio of population above 6o years has been raised from 6.6 % in 1996 to 8.2 % in 2011 and it is predicted that would go up to 22% in 2047. The present study actually tries to highlight the importance of engaging in such imminent phenomena that may cause numerous challenges to the health system. The present study is a literature review inside which, obtained data from various resources like Statistical Center of Iran, UN‘s databases, WHO website, English and Persian databases alongside with ISI, Pubmed, Medline and SID indexes, reports by active organizations in terms of aging issues, books, dissertations, journals and finally the magazines about health policies in Iran are collected and processed.Discussion and Aging problem in Iran is going to emerge rapidly, yet without adequate planning and concentration. In addition, there is no enough legal support to settle aged people’s affairs. Analysis of present situations and future perspectives can divulge the present challenges, problems and the complication of growing obstacles in a near future. Though it is too late by now, there seems to be inevitable to settle down, support and promote health in aging population.