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Crescent Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences - Volume:5 Issue: 1, Jan 2018

Crescent Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences
Volume:5 Issue: 1, Jan 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/10/20
  • تعداد عناوین: 13
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  • Saeideh Same, Golshan Samee Page 1
    Objective
    Diabetes disease is the major and on rise public reasons for death, poor quality of life and organs failure that emphasized the importance of accurate measuring of body glucose. Carbon nanotube (CNT) biosensors exhibit great sensitivity and selectivity for glucose in blood and body fluids. The most recent progresses on the various methods of CNT biosensors development for glucose detecting are summarized in this review.
    Method
    Online search of different reference such as PubMed, ISI and Scopus was resulted in 34 correlated article regarding CNT detector and its application in diabetes sensing.
    Result
    The results showed advanced methods of CNT sensor functionalization with various modifiers like polyaniline and techniques such as self assembly layer by layer process. These point-of-care solution phase nanotube biosensors have significant potency to monitor blood glucose non-invasively and eliminate painful finger pricking procedure.
    Conclusion
    In this study, it has been concluded that appropriate surface modification of CNT biosensors could play an important role in real-time diagnosis of diabetes.
    Keywords: Carbon nanotube, Biosensor, Diabetes mellitus detector, Nanothecnology
  • Forough Alemi Serej, Mohammad Pourhassan-Moghaddam, Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan, Ahmad Mehdipour, Zeynab Aliyari Serej, Abbas Ebrahimi-Kalan Page 7
    Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), as an axial mediator of multiple cell growth pathways, is in connection with several other proteins that are involved in the regulation of homeostasis in the cell function. mTOR"s signaling pathway participates in and integrates a variety of environmental cues to control cancer cell and normal tissue development. mTOR and its inhibitors including the rapamycin analogues are attractive therapeutic indication to clinical trials for treating various types of cancers, with or without inhibitors of other signaling pathways. Despite the promising results in cancer treatment, low water solubility of rapamycin is shown to decrease its therapeutic efficacy. To reach an acceptable level of efficacy, high distribution and accepted dispersing of utilized drugs in control of mTOR signaling pathway, nanomaterials-based drug delivery can play an important role. Evaluation of the mechanisms and therapeutic effects of nanoparticle-based mTOR modulation can be useful in developing safe strategies in treatment of cancer. Regarding the clinical importance of mTOR deregulation in human diseases, hereby, we address the recent progress in the field of nanoparticle-based mTOR targeted therapy
    Keywords: mTOR, Molecular targeting, Nanotechnology, Cancer
  • Mohammad Taghi Palizgir, Maryam Akhtari, Farhad Shahram, Shayan Mostafaei, Maassoomeh Akhlaghi, Soheila Sobhani, Mahdi Mahmoudi Page 14
    Objective
    Overwhelming inflammatory chemokines and cytokines characterize the immunological profile and inflammatory settings of Behcet disease (BD). The connection between autophagy-related genes (ATGs) and various perspectives of innate and adaptive immunobiology such as antigen presentation, immune tolerance, lymphocyte development and differentiation, cytokine signaling, and inflammation have been implicated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mRNA expression profile of ATGs in macrophages of patients with BD.
    Materials And Methods
    Whole blood samples were obtained from 10 BD patients and 10 healthy controls. Monocytes were isolated from the blood samples and then differentiated to macrophages using macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). After total RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, quantitative analysis of ATGs including ATG5, ATG7, ATG12, LC3b, mTOR, RAPTOR, and RICTOR was conducted by SYBR Green master mix and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
    Results
    mRNA expression of all ATGs was downregulated in macrophages of BD patients compared with healthy controls. It is worth to note that the downregulation of ATG12 and LC3b mRNAs in macrophages of BD patients was statistically significant in comparison to that of healthy control group (P = 0.007 and 0.021, respectively).
    Conclusion
    Considering the role of autophagy in initiation of immune responses and then clearance of dead cells as well as its participation in the development and differentiation of immune cells, downregulation of ATGs in macrophages of BD patients may be involved in uncontrolled immune response and overproduction of inflammatory cytokines.
    Keywords: Behcet disease, Autophagy, related genes, Macrophage, Inflammation
  • Mahnaz Amini, Zahra Mirfeizi, Houshang Rafatpanah, Leila Ghofraniha, Shahrzad Mohammadzadeh Lari, Saeid Eslami, Habibollah Esmaily, Mostafa Abasalti Page 21
    Objective
    The effects of serum vitamin D levels on the evolution or severity of asthma have been widely researched; however, conflicting results have been achieved. This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and pulmonary function tests in asthmatic and non-asthmatic people with vitamin D deficiency.
    Materials And Methods
    This was a prospective cross-sectional study on healthy adults and asthmatic patients. Standard spirometry and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D test were performed for all participants.
    Results
    Forty asthmatic patients and 40 healthy controls were tested. The mean age of participants was 42.86 ± 1.6. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was found in both the asthmatic and control groups. No significant correlation was found between serum vitamin D levels and spirometry parameters in either of the groups (P = 0.83).
    Conclusion
    Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were not correlated with the severity of asthma as evaluated by pulmonary function tests in asthmatics.
    Keywords: Asthma, Vitamin D, Respiratory function test
  • Seyed Amin Norollahi, Parviz Kokhaee, Ali Rashidy-Pour, Vida Hojati, Seyedeh Elham Norollahi, Laleh Vahedi Larijani, Ali Akbar Samadani Page 25
    Objective
    Optimal quality and quantity of extracted RNA is the first step in molecular biology analysis and investigation. In this way, several methods have been proposed in order to obtain the best quality of RNA in different cases. On the other hand, RNA extraction from cells and tissues is different.
    Materials And Methods
    In this study, the effects of 4 common RNA extraction kits including Trizol, AccuZol, Ribozol and TriPure and also the effect of RNAlater and liquid nitrogen were compared and studied on 50 breast cancer and 50 gastric cancer tissues. Remarkably, the quality of the extracted RNA was investigated using real-time PCR TaqMan assay on HER2 gene.
    Results
    The results showed better relative quality of extracted RNA with Trizol kit compared to other kits in this study.
    Conclusion
    Conspicuously, fewer amount of tissues between 10 to 30 mg lead to gain a much better quality of RNA. Meanwhile, the expression of HER2 gene indicates a suitable performance of extracted RNA qualitatively and quantitatively. Notably, GAPDH gene was used as internal control in all samples.
    Keywords: RNA extraction, Histopathological, Gastric cancer, Breast cancer
  • Hesam Aldin Hoseinzadeh, Ahmad Asghari, Gholamreza Abedi, Abolfazl Akbarzadeh, Reza Sedaghat Page 29
    Objective
    The main purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of nano-capsules containing risedronate on calvarial bone formation in rabbit.
    Materials And Methods
    Fifteen adult rabbits were allocated to the study. Four holes were created in the calvarial bone. Holes 1-4 were filled as described below: hole 1 was right unfilled and kept as control; hole 2 was filled with nano bone; hole 3 was filled using an autogenous bone; and hole 4 was filled with a mixture of nano-capsules containing risedronate. At 4, 8 and 12 weeks after surgery, blood samples were obtained and red blood cell, white blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean cell volume, mean cell HGB and platelet counts were determined. Then animals were scarified and bone density was determined using radiography images.
    Results
    Bone formation in nano risedronate autograft and autograft were 0.31 ± 0.03 and 0.25 ± 0.02, respectively, while in nano risedronate and control groups were 0.11 ± 0.01 and 0.08 ± 0.02, respectively (P 0.05).
    Conclusion
    These results suggest nano risedronate autograft has positive effects on calvarial bone defects healing in rabbit.
    Keywords: Nano, capsules, Risedronate, Calvarial healing, Radiography, Rabbit
  • Saeed Jodi, Azizeh Farshbafkhalili, Reza Nikanfar, Leila Javadi Page 34
    Objective
    Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been known as the most frequent type of liver disease, with the occurrence of 20% to 30% in developed countries and 33.9% in Iran. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of fatty liver among high-risk individuals and its predictive factors.
    Materials And Methods
    This analytic cross-sectional study was performed on 70 men and women, aged 32–62 and BMI ≥25, who were divided into 2 groups: 1) the patient group (n = 45) with positive results of fatty liver disease, and 2) the healthy group (n = 25). An anthropometry assessment (weight and BMI), blood tests (AST, ALT, FBS, TC, and TG), and determination of fatty liver grade were done.
    Results
    In our study, the rate of NAFLD was 64 among 100 susceptible individuals (BMI ≥25). We found significant differences in sex (P = 0.020), weight (P
    Conclusion
    This study verified the relationship between NAFLD and obesity, and liver aminotransferase was repeatedly reported in NAFLD.
    Keywords: Prevalence, Predictive factors, NAFLD
  • Sanam Rezaei Benam, Asghar Tanomand, Behbood Jafari Page 40
    Objective
    Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the opportunistic pathogens that takes the advantage of patient"s immunodeficiency and is one of the major causes of nosocomial infections. Multivalent vaccines such as those using the collection of secretory antigens and inactivated or killed whole-cell can be effective in preventing the infections. This study intended to evaluate the protective effect of P. aeruginosa whole-cell antigen in preventing the infections.
    Materials And Methods
    In this study, sonicated multivalent antigen was provided and active immunization of female BALB/c mice aged 6-8 weeks (4 groups each with 7 mice) was carried out by subcutaneous, intraperitoneal and intramuscular administrations on days 0, 14 and 28. The fourth group was selected as the control group of the study. One week after each injection, on days 7, 21 and 35 blood samples were taken from mice and after isolating the serum, indirect ELISA was carried out to evaluate the produced IgG antibody against sonicated multivalent antigen of P. aeruginosa.
    Results
    According to the results, due to the complexity of P. aeruginosa pathogenicity, using the multivalent vaccines such as the collection of somatic and secretory antigens, can be effective in the prevention of infections. ELISA results showed significant antibody production in subcutaneously, intraperitoneally and intramuscularly injected groups compared to the control group. Comparing the immunization of antigen based on the route of injection showed that there was no significant difference in induced immunization between the groups (subcutaneous, intraperitoneal and intramuscular injections). Moreover, immunized mice showed significant protection against intraperitoneal challenge with 7.5 × 107 CFU (2× LD50) P. aeruginosa.
    Conclusion
    The sonicated antigens can have a more effective role in immunization and the prevention of mortality among mice infected with Pseudomonas.
    Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Multivalent antigen, Immunization, Vaccine candidate
  • Simin Atashkhoei, Bahman Naghipour, Pouya Hatami Marandi, Abbasali Dehghani, Hojjat Pourfathi Page 45
    Objective
    Laparoscopic procedures are accompanied with a high occurrence of nausea and vomiting after surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic intraoperative infusion of dextrose 5% in the avoidance of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).
    Materials And Methods
    In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 70 ASA class I women, aged 20-40 years scheduled for diagnostic laparoscopy for infertility were studied. Following induction of anesthesia, study group (n = 35) received Ringer"s solution 10 mL/kg/h with glucose 500 mg/kg (dextrose 5%) and placebo group (n = 35) received Ringer"s solution with normal saline 0.9% in the same volume intraoperatively. The incidence and severity of PONV according to a 4-point scale (0-3) in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) and during the first 24 postoperative hours, the first request for antiemetic, and overall antiemetic consumption were compared between 2 groups.
    Results
    The overall incidence of PONV was certainly lower in the study group compared with the placebo group (22.85% vs. 45.71%; P = 0.03). Severity of PONV was significantly lower in the study group (1.14 ± 0.32) compared to the placebo group (2.50 ± 0.27) (P = 0.03). There was a statistically significant difference between 2 groups regarding the first request for antiemetic after surgery (7.1 ± 1.13 vs. 5.71 ± 1.76 hours, P = 0.04) and total dose of antiemetic (metoclopramide, 60 vs. 100 mg, P = 0.001). There was no significant difference in perioperative blood sugar levels between 2 groups (P = 0.46).
    Conclusion
    Intraoperative infusion of dextrose 5% was found to be an efficacious method in the prevention/reduction of PONV without any significant difference in postoperative blood sugar levels in patients undergoing diagnostic gynecologic laparoscopy.
    Keywords: Gynecologic laparoscopy, PONV, Prophylaxis, Dextrose
  • Mohammad Hasan Khadem Ansari, Pouran Karimi, Nader Shakib, Sohrab Minaei Beyrami Page 50
    Objective
    Ischemic stroke leads to programmed cell death via intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis pathways. Nitric oxide donors (NODs) are various kinds of drugs with the ability to produce nitric oxide (NO) as a potential bioregulator of apoptosis. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of sodium nitrite (SN) on ischemic injury-induced mitochondrial damage.
    Materials And Methods
    A 4-hour oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) cellular model was developed to mimic cerebral ischemia injury. Cell viability was determined to demonstrate the efficiency of SN as a NO donor on OGD injured PC12 cells. Immunoblotting was performed to measure the expression of Bcl2, Bax and cleaved caspase 3 proteins. Mito Tracker Green label was used for staining the active mitochondria.
    Results
    The present study confirmed that nitrite inhibited apoptosis via upregulation of Bcl-2 and downregulation of cleaved caspase-3 in OGD-injured PC12 cells as demonstrated by western blot analyses. In addition, nitrite restored mitochondrial vital activity and cell viability in OGD-injured cells.
    Conclusion
    Resultant data illustrated the protective effects of nitrite and may suggest the in vivo use of nitrite for further confirmations.
    Keywords: : Oxygen, glucose deprivation, PC12, Nitrite, Bcl2, Bax, Mitochondria
  • Naghi Abedini, Hojjat Pourfathi, Maghsoud Eskandari, Masoud Parish Page 57
    Objective
    Low back pain is the most common skeletal-muscular complaints, requiring medical care, causing many complications and social and economic damages to society as the fifth most common reason for a physician visit especially among men. The purpose of this study was to compare epidural injection of methylprednisolone, bupivacaine, normal saline in chronic low back pain due to discal hernia.
    Material and
    Methods
    In a randomized, single-blind, clinical trial conducted on patients with chronic low back pain, the impact of epidural injection of methylprednisolone, bupivacaine, normal saline in chronic low back pain due to disc herniation in three groups was randomly studied. Method of epidural injection in all groups was similar. In the first group, 80 mg of methylprednisolone in 10 cc volume, in the second group, local anesthesia drug, 10 mL of bupivacaine 0.5 %, and in the third group, 10 mL of normal saline solution (equal injected volumes) were prepared. During the injection, the patient was monitored in terms of pain, hemodynamics, consciousness, arterial oxygen saturation.
    Results
    Three months after treatment, the severity of pain in methylprednisolone group was less, the rate of disability in normal saline group was significantly high (P
    Conclusion
    Epidural methylprednisolone and bupivacaine injection were more effective than placebo (normal saline) injection in these patients
    Keywords: Backache, Epidural methylprednisolone, Bupivacaine, Normal saline injection
  • Rozita Hosseinzadeh, Zeinab Ghasemian Khojasteh, Mehrnoush Toufan Tabrizi, Simin Tagavi, Azam Asghari Khatooni, Razieh Parizad Page 62
    Objective
    Heart diseases are among the most prevalent diseases that endanger the life of both mother and fetus and cause complications for them. Rheumatic mitral valve is the most prevalent organic involvement in pregnant women with mitral valve disease in Southeast Asia. Mitral valve disease is a serious and common problem for pregnant women. Despite medical and surgical advances in treatment of heart diseases, it is still the fourth cause of mortality in pregnant women. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of mitral valve disease in pregnancy and its effects on maternal-fetal outcomes.
    Material and
    Methods
    This cross-sectional study was conducted on pregnant women with heart problems who were selected through convenience sampling. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 17.0.
    Results
    Findings showed that heart valve problems were the most frequent medical history of pregnant women. Among the subjects, the most prevalent heart disease was related to Mitral Stenosis (MS) (39.6%) and mitral valve prolapse (MVP) (22.8%). The most frequent causes of hospitalization were high blood pressure (43.2%) and chest pain (38.2%). The mean age of participants was 25±83 years.
    Conclusion
    Heart diseases during pregnancy are highly risky, but their progress and complications for mother and fetus can be avoided by constant prevention and treatment before and during pregnancy.
    Keywords: Pregnancy, Heart disease, Mitral valve stenosis
  • Samad Ghaffari, Abdolmohammad Ranjbar, Reza Hajizadeh, Rezayat Parvizi, Mehrnoush Toufan Tabrizi, Bahram Sohrabi Page 67
    Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is not a common anomaly in adulthood. Its early diagnosis requires physician suspicion and the early treatment of disease can prevent its serious side effects. In this article, we presented a young female with pansystolic murmur and heart failure with final diagnosis of ALCAPA syndrome.
    Keywords: ALCAPA syndrome, Mitral regurgitation, Large right coronary artery