فهرست مطالب

Human Environment and Health Promotion - Volume:4 Issue: 3, Summer 2018

Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion
Volume:4 Issue: 3, Summer 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/09/30
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Eunice Twumwaa Tagoe , Pascal Agbadi*, Augustine Adomah, Afari Pages 99-105
    Background
    Tuberculosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Africa, especially Ghana. Despite the current treatments for tuberculosis, positive treatment outcomes are not attainable due to the differences in the socio-economic and bio-psychological status of the patients. The present study aimed to assess the influential factors in the treatment outcomes of tuberculosis.
    Methods
    This qualitative study was conducted to determine the influential factors in the treatment outcomes of tuberculosis in terms of the patients, community, and healthcare providers. Data collection and management were performed using version 11 of the NVivo software. Sample population included 10 patients, five healthcare providers, and five community members (treatment supporters). Data analysis was carried out using framework analysis, where the emerging themes were identified and discussed in relation with literature.
    Results
    The results revealed that wrong/negative perceptions about TB, social stigma, and the use of alternative treatment methods could result in unsuccessful treatment outcomes.
    Conclusion
    The study recommends that community awareness of TB and the search and implementation of policies toward improving TB treatment outcome should be pursued.
    Keywords: Tuberculosis, Treatment Outcomes, HIV Comorbidity, Communities
  • Ehsan Moghanloo , Ahmad Khorshidi , Parisa Badameh , Ali Ghadirian Abarghuei , Mehdi Valipour , Hossein Akbari* Pages 106-110
    Background
    Diarrhea is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. Enteric gram-negative bacteria, especially Shigella, Salmonella, Escherichia, and Campylobacter plays a key role in the occurrence of diarrhea. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and importance of four bacterial genera in the incidence of diarrhea in Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan, Iran.
    Methods
    This cross-sectional study was conducted on 528 diarrheal stool samples during March 2015-February 2017. The samples were collected for the isolation of the bacterial agents to appropriate selective and differential culture media. Laboratory diagnosis was performed using proper bacteriological and serological tests.
    Results
    Among 528 stool samples, 38.6% of the specimens belonged to women, and 61.4% belonged to men. In total, 233 specimens (44.1%) were positive for the mentioned bacteria. In 98 (18.5%) and 15 cases (2.8%), Shigella spp. and Campylobacter spp. had the highest and lowest frequency, respectively.
    Conclusion
    Shigellosis has been reported to be more prevalent in developing and industrialized countries. Our findings and similar studies in this regard have denoted the epidemiological patterns of shigellosis in some regions in Iran toward the epidemiological pattern of the disease in industrialized countries.
    Keywords: Campylobacter, Escherichia, Infectious Diarrhea, Shigella, Salmonella
  • Zeynab Jamalizadeh , Ali Safari Variani*, Saeid Ahmadi , Ehsan Asivandzadeh Pages 111-115
    Background
    The noise caused by traffic is an increasingly prominent feature of urban environments. However, limited studies have been focused on the assessment of exposure-response relationship between road traffic noise exposure and driving behaviors in Iran. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of the violations caused by road traffic noise exposure in Qazvin, Iran.
    Methods
    Initially, a line with 70 taxi drivers was selected for the evaluation of noise exposure. According to ISO9612:2009, the eight-hour equivalent noise level [Leq8h] was measured during a workday. In addition, driving behaviors were assessed using the self-report Iranian version of Manchester driving behavior questionnaire (MDBQ).
    Results
    Statistical analysis included the mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum, Pearson’s correlation-coefficient, and logistic regression. The results of Pearson’s correlation-coefficient indicated a strong correlation with noise levels and personal characteristics with driving behaviors (P < 0.05). Moreover, logistic regression showed that noise level was significantly associated with the components of driving behaviors.
    Conclusion
    According to the results, traffic noise exposure is a significant influential factor in the increased rate of driving violations. Equivalent sound pressure level in taxies was observed to be above of the limit for occupational comfort based on NR 17 standard, which may affect driving behaviors.
    Keywords: Noise Exposure, Noise Dosimetry, Driving Behavior, Taxi Drivers
  • Seyyed Mansour Kashfi , Esmat Mohaghegh Sharifi , Tayebeh Rakhshani*, Seyyedeh Sahar Hosseini Pages 116-120
    Background
    Thalassemia is the most prevalent genetic disorder in humans. It is caused by the deficient or lack of production of one of the globin chains. The present study aimed to evaluate the performance indicators of Behbahan Health Center, Iran in terms of the prevention of thalassemia major during 2006-2016.
    Methods
    This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on the couples referring to the pre-marriage counseling centers in Behbahan, Iran for premarital tests during 2006-2016. The participants were selected via census sampling.
    Results
    In total, 24,992 couples were screened, 0.33% of whom (n = 84) were suspected of thalassemia. Out of 84 couples, two cases declared marriage cancellation after electrophoresis. The results of the PND1 test indicated that in 96% of the couples (n = 73), the boy and girl both had thalassemia minor, while in 1.3% of the cases (n = 1), one of them had thalassemia minor, and in 6.2% (n = 2), they were both normal.
    Conclusion
    According to the results, 84 couples were carriers of thalassemia during 2006-2016. Eventually, all the cases with thalassemia major were aborted and prevented from birth.
    Keywords: Thalassemia, Test, Prevention, Behbahan
  • Mohammad Baratchi*, Nabiollah Mansouri , Aida Ahmadi Pages 121-125
    Background
    Identification of hazards is one of the most important parts of industries’ strategies. This can be done using a hazard matrix as an applicable tool which can also rank hazards properly.
    Methods
    In this study, the Delphi method was used to select best alternatives for a hazard matrix. All possible items were gathered and passed Delphi rounds, in which mean, median and standard deviation were used to evaluate decisions. Moreover, Kendall’s coefficient of concordance was used to reach consensus between panel members.
    Results
    The panel members found 42 items in five categories, of which 29 items benefited a mean and median more than 5. Moreover, Kendall’s coefficient of concordance reached 0.66, which indicated a statistically meaningful agreement for the number of experts.
    Conclusion
    This study introduced a hazard matrix, in which different consequences were accounted based on a well-known decision making method. The matrix is developed for hospital application with respect to panel members’ knowledge and can be used suitably in this field of industry.
    Keywords: Hazard Matrix, Delphi Method, ANP Method, Hazard Identification
  • Mohsen Moghadami , Leila Hadadi , Ali Khani Jeihooni , Tayebeh Rakhshani* Pages 126-130
    Background
    One of the challenges of implementing the family physician program is the decrease in the number of doctors, especially in rural and deprived areas, the present study aimed to determine the intentions of family physicians to persist in the health centers affiliated in Hormozgan city.
    Methods
    This cross-sectional study was conducted on 195 physicians in the health centers implementing the family physician program. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 21 using independent t-test, Pearson’s correlation-coefficient, and ANOVA.
    Results
    In total, 57.9% of the participants were female, and 42.1% were male. The majority of the subjects (61%) were aged 30-60 years. The results of Pearson’s correlation-coefficient indicated that income, payment status, working hours, willingness to continue education, job security, motivation to serve, commitment to service provision, and confidence in the family physician program had significant, positive associations with the intentions of family physicians to stay in the health centers (P < 0.001).
    Conclusion
    According to the results, health ministers, policymakers, and planners could help with the persistence of family physicians in the healthcare centers in deprived areas through reviewing the number of the healthcare team members and their job descriptions. 

    Keywords: Intention to Stay, Family Physicians, Health Centers
  • Seyed Mahdi Farshadnia , Shirazeh Arghami*, Ali Shahab Safa , Framarz Majidi Pages 131-137
    Background
    The construction of metro lines is a high-risk project. Using a budget-based model for the safety units of metro construction projects can help safety managers to spend optimal budget allocation. The purpose of this study was to plan a budget model based on safety unit performance in an under construction metro station for better budget allocation using robust optimization.
    Methods
    To design this model, budget dimensions were identified by the experts and based on causes and costs of accidents in the past year. Then, constraints of metro workshops were considered. The next step was involved in determining the importance of each dimension. Finally, the budgeting model was designed using Gurobi software. In order to prove the proposed budgeting model, as a case study, the model was implemented in one of the metro workshops.
    Results
    Considering existing constraints, the model revealed that the budget should be at least 4.370.478.000 rials. Surprisingly, the predicted budget amount was less than the expended amount in the safety unit of the project. However, budget allocation to dimensions was dramatically different.
    Conclusion
    The results showed that the robust optimization budgeting was functionally and economically optimal. Moreover, there is a need for logical budget distribution.
    Keywords: Safety, Budgeting, Metro Construction, Robust Optimization
  • Ehsan Moghanloo , Elham Ghorbani , Mohammad Sadegh Beikverdi , Parisa Badameh , Soheila Rezaei , Ahmad Piroozmand , Shahram Teimourian , Minoo Shahidi , Ahmad Khorshidi* Pages 138-143
    Background
    Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells in humans. Recently, a novel strategy called the formation neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was described. NETs is a new strategy for pathogen response. This study focused on whether LPS induced NETs release in vitro in the HL60 cell line.
    Methods
    In this study, the HL60 cell line was used for culture and DMSO for induction and differentiation. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate CD11b in the differentiated cells, and the NBT assay was used to evaluate the functionality of the differentiated HL-60 cells. Neutrophil-like cells were incubated with LPS (200 ng/ml) for 45 min, followed by incubation for 25 min with 100 ng/ml Hoechst 33342. Trypan blue as vital staining was used for viability. The statistical significance of the difference between the control and treated groups was evaluated using a one-way ANOVA.
    Results
    Our results showed that 75% NETs was produced by HL-60 differentiated neutrophil cells exposed to 200 ng/ml LPS in 45 minues.
    Conclusion
    Consequently, the LPS-induced infection and lethality may occur through various mechanisms. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating NET formation in LPS-induced neutrophil-like cells would support the development of new therapeutic methods.
    Keywords: Netosis, Neutrophil, HL-60, Differentiation, LPS