فهرست مطالب

Human Capital in Urban Management - Volume:3 Issue: 4, Autumn 2018

International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management
Volume:3 Issue: 4, Autumn 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/08/07
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • S.H. Raza, M. Shafique, M. Zia, ur, Rehman, A. Sikandar, N. Ahmad *, K. Shah Pages 265-278
    Water loss can be minimized and conserve through constructing small storage dams for various irrigation purposes to support local livelihood. Geographic information system provides powerful techniques for many hydrological modeling and suitable dam site selection. The current study explored potential sites for small storage dams to meet agricultural requirements in district Malakand, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa. Multi criteria decision analysis was used for selection of suitable sites for storage dam for agricultural purpose. The methodology was completed in four main steps; acquisition of data, selection of factors and constraints, giving percentage influence to each criterion and performing weighted overlay. Digital elevation model was used for watershed analysis and Landsat 8 image for land use classification. All contributing factors such as slope, soil map, settlements, canals, roads, river, watershed and recreational sites were used in weighted overlay for suitable site selection. Results showed that Masooka rockland soil possessed the highest suitability for dam construction as the high clay proportion of the soil provides cementation. Slope zone of 0-3.16 degree slope was considered best and 3.16-7.90 degrees was highly suitable. Distance (5-10 km or more) form recreational sites and presence of 140-186 Stream links which makes the site more suitable. Regarding land use, the barren land or rangeland was more preferable. Finally, 15 sites were found suitable for small storage dams in the district. The main river lies close to the selected site assuring the perennial flow of water. The study suggests that geographic information system provides efficient tools for decision makers in hydrology and dam site selection.
    Keywords: Agriculture, Digital elevation model, Geographical Information System (GIS), Landsat-8, Water conservation
  • I. Sharma * Pages 279-286
    Normalized difference vegetation index and land surface temperature data, in a sample plot each from east, center and west of Nepal, from 2000 to 2015, were analyzed to identify and compare the trends of vegetation and temperature changes during the period. The data were obtained from moderate resolutions imaging spectro-radiometer. Normalized difference vegetation index charactiszes a resolution of 250×250 m2 and a 16-day composite period while land surface temperature has 8 days frequency with resolution of 1×1 km2. The analysis was separate for normalized difference vegetation index and land surface temperature. The data were seasonally adjusted and then divided into three groups of five year period each, separate for every region. The generalized estimating equations were fitted to each period data. For all three regions, the results showed, there was a trend of significantly rising vegetation in eastern and western sub urban parts while the central urban city had a significant decline in trend. Whereas the temperature showed statistically significant and uniform fluctuating pattern of change in all three regions. The rate of temperature rise is fastest in central region where the vegetation is continuously declining. However, the results revealed no relationship of trend of changing temperature with that of vegetation.
    Keywords: Generalized estimating equations (GEE), Land surface temperature (LST), Nepal, Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), Satellite data
  • L. Vasudevan *, A. Iqbal Pages 287-302
    In a new era, the organizational climate has built as the norms, values, beliefs, traditions, and ceremonies where people work together to solve problems and face challenges. This study was to determine whether there is a relationship between each of the three dimensions of organizational climate (supervisory support, autonomy, and goal direction) and Organizational Citizenship Behavior-Individual and Organizational Citizenship Behavior-Organizational on a non-supervisory staff of Bank Simpanan National in Malaysia. Nevertheless, the framework of this study was discussed based on the suitable underpinning theory of organizational climate and how the organizational climate theory relates to organizational citizenship behavior. The population of employees in Bank Simpanan National was 7,000. Samples taken amounted to 99 (Male=52; Female=47) of the non-supervisory staff, respondents of the total population of 7,000, through sampling techniques, namely purposive sampling. Respondents' were selected among non-supervisory employees in this study. This study was examined using the quantitative method. In this study data analysis is done by IBM Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) program for windows version 22. Data collection techniques used the form of a 7-Likert scale of organizational climate and organizational citizenship behavior. It was examined using correlation analysis. This study revealed a significant association between organizational climate and organizational citizenship behavior on non-supervisory employees of Bank Simpanan National in Malaysia. The hypotheses further showed a significant positive relationship between 2nd order construct of organizational climate and organizational citizenship behavior and organizational citizenship behavior-Organizational. This research recommended that all banks' need to demonstrate a positive organizational climate among employee's to increase organizational citizenship behavior.
    Keywords: Field theory of behavior, Organizational citizenship behavior, Organizational climate, P-E fit theory, Social exchange theory
  • A.B. Imran *, S. Ahmed Pages 303-314
    Forest ecosystems are among the largest terrestrial carbon reservoirs on our planet earth thus playing a vital role in global carbon cycle. Presently, remote sensing techniques provide proper estimates of forest biomass and quantify carbon stocks. The present study has explored Landsat-8 sensor product and evaluated its application in biomass mapping and estimation. The specific objectives were estimation of above ground biomass and carbon stocks using field data, assessing relationships of Landsat-8 spectral indices and field data and modeling of biomass and carbon stocks based on best linear regression model. Results showed that the highest aboveground biomass and below ground biomass was recorded as 246 t/ha and 64 t/ha whereas the lowest aboveground biomass and below ground biomass was 55 t/ha and 14 t/ha, respectively. Similarly, the highest above ground carbon and below ground carbon (t/ha) were 116 t/ha and 30 t/ha respectively while the lowest above ground carbon and below ground carbon (t/ha) were estimated as 26 t/ha and 6.7 t/ha respectively. Indices computed from Landsat-8 included normalized difference vegetation index, difference vegetation index, soil adjusted vegetation index, perpendicular vegetation index and atmospherically resistant vegetation index. Regarding relationship between aboveground biomass and vegetation indices, the coefficient of correlation (R2) were 0.67, 0.68, 0.65, 0.58 and 0.23 for normalized difference vegetation index, soil adjusted vegetation index, Perpendicular vegetation index, difference vegetation index and atmospherically resistant vegetation index respectively. The stepwise correlation between aboveground biomass (dependent variable) and five indices (Normalized difference vegetation index; soil adjusted vegetation index; Perpendicular vegetation index; difference vegetation index; atmospherically resistant vegetation index). Among five vegetation indices, only soil adjusted vegetation index was selected in stepwise method, satisfying the criteria and the overall model R2 was 0.63 and its adjusted R2 was 0.60. Simple linear regression model between aboveground biomass and single predictor index was better than stepwise regression model with (R2= 0.68) and (Root mean square error = 33.75 t/ha). Thus, soil adjusted vegetation index was considered best for biomass mapping. The study concluded that Landsat-8 product has considerable potential for biomass and carbon stocks estimation and can be expanded to national and regional forest inventories, modeling and future reducing emission from deforestation and forest degradation+ implementation.
    Keywords: Carbon stocks, Climate change, Landsat-8, Soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI)
  • S. Marzouk * Pages 315-324
    Rapid population growth and increasing demand for the modern settlement has led to the increase of environmental pollution. Limestone quarry is one among the activities that affect environment and ecosystem in Pemba Island-Zanzibar. Quarrying activities brought an inevitable destruction to the environments ranging from excavation, soil and land degradation, loose of biodiversity and water pollution. This study reports the impact of limestone quarries on groundwater quality based on analyses of various physico-chemical parameters of groundwater. Ground water samples were collected during the wet and dry season of 2016 from nine different wells in vicinity of limestone quarries. One groundwater sample, which was located about 5 kilometers from limestone quarries, was collected as a control. The result shows that the groundwater have an elevated level of pH, total dissolved solid, Electrical Conductivity, total alkalinity, as compared to control sample. Also the concentration level of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+ slightly increases in all samples from dry season to wet season. This is probably due to the mixing of surface pollution and dissolution of limestone rocks. The study revealed that the nitrate and potassium concentrations are very high in the well nearest the limestone quarries. It is likely due to percolation of fertilizer from agricultural runoff stagnated nearby limestone quarries. This study shows that a conceptual physico-chemical interpretation of the results from water samples provides information of groundwater contamination, which is mainly derived from agricultural runoff and stagnated nearby limestone quarries. This study recommends that the quarrying activities should be minimal towards the subsurface level in order to reduce the possibility of aquifer contamination.
    Keywords: Ground water, Limestone quarries, Physico-chemical parameters, Rocks
  • S.R. Torbatjoo * Pages 325-334
    Dealing with the tension between explorative and exploitative activities is a key issue for firms. Literature suggests that ambidexterity allows firms to manage this issue properly and provides firms with specific competitive advantages. This study was conducted aiming at investigating the impact of Human Resources measures on organizational ambidexterity in smart city projects. Method used is descriptive - survey. The statistical society of the study consisted of 460 employees of District 13 of Municipality of Tehran, out of them 210 subjects were identified as the sample volume and were selected by simple random sampling method. The tool used for measurement was a standard questionnaire whose reliability was estimated as Alpha 0.924. In order to analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistical indicators especially structural equation modeling by Amus software, K-S test and Bartlett were used. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the explorative Human Resources have significant effect on exploration (Cr=14.533, B=0.95) of smart city projects, and exploitative Human Resources have significant effect on exploitation (Cr=12.204, B=0.81) of smart city projects In the other words, strengthening the measures of Human Resources and its various dimensions increases the ambidexterity of smart city projects.
    Keywords: HR measures, ambidexterity, smart city projects
  • M. Sabet Teimouri *, H. Mobini Pages 335-342
    Achieving sustainable development for managers and urban planning requires a systemic attitude to various urban issues and phenomena and a comprehensive urban development cannot be obtained with a single-dimensional perspective. Hence, in implementing various urban projects, it is necessary to examine the interactions of these projects with the surrounding environment and to assess their impact on the economic, social and environmental situations. Over the years, many renovation projects have been carried out in Iran; results were mainly the insecurity and expansion of environmental contaminants due to demolition, while changing the urban timeworn textures into a mixed project, especially the type of modern market, can be considered as a tourist attraction in a region. The type of present study is descriptive-analytic, which was done through documentary studies and questionnaire. The area of the project was the immediate area of the project and the perimeter area and the stakeholder survey was conducted using cluster-class sampling. Results of this study indicated the prevalence of diseases caused by severe environmental pollution and dust, the increase of sound, visual and environmental pollution during the implementation of the project.
    Keywords: Environmental indicators, Renovation, Timeworn texture, Tourism
  • G.P. Massawe *, S.D. Liseki, W.N. Marealle Pages 343-352
    Africa has high biodiversity and is rapidly urbanizing. However, there is limited understanding of how urban expansion in Africa is likely to affect its habitats and biodiversity. Little urban ecological research has been done in Africa. This study needs to think ahead as Africa move into the “urban age” it is critical to inform the public on the importance of urban environment and to justify the need to preserve these areas. The conservation value of urban environments stems should not be overlooked. Cities represent considerable opportunities for forwarding global biodiversity and sustainability goals. However, recent scientific evidence shows that these assumptions do not always hold. Although it is generally true that increasing the size, quality, and connectivity of habitat patches will improve the probability that a species can persist, the inverse is not that small, degraded, or fragmented habitats found in urban environments are worthless. In this study an updated messages that guide and inspire researchers, practitioners, and decision makers to undertake conservation action of African urban environments is proposed: considering small spaces, recognize the value of integrating biodiversity in African cities, test creative solutions, and use ecological knowledge to minimize the impacts of future urban development in African biodiversity.
    Keywords: Africa, Biodiversity, Cities, Conservation, Planning