فصلنامه سیاستگذاری عمومی
سال یکم شماره 3 (پاییز 1394)

In this article we illustrate that beyond the conceptual chaos of evaluation studies, there is a continuous and relevant flow of knowledge. This knowledge is multidisciplinary and has progressed along with evolution of epistemological and methodological issues in social science and has passed the same ups and downs. Epistemological evolution is reflected in evaluation definitions and led to new models. Therefore, evaluation is mostly a method instead of a specialized concept. It has evolved by scholars to response to needs of stakeholders by scholars in different fields. Secondary importance of the conceptual aspect makes the evaluation literature face various interpretations of basic concepts. Hence, those concepts which are considered in evaluation studies are identified within the conceptual framework of the scholar and their meaning are arbitrary as well.

One of the major roles of governance level in public organizations like ministries is policy making for their sub organizations. Unlikely many of ministries dont achieve their goals, because of neglect of some important stages in policy making. Purpose of this research is suggestion a process model for public organizations policy making by qualitative content analysis. Worth of this paper is on this fact that a model which is considered most aspects of policy making, doesnt exist, and we are tried to cover this deficiency. For this purpose we analyze the content of most of policy making models and 14 depth interviews. Conclusion of this research is a model with four stages including Problem Identification, policy determination, implementation and ex-post evaluation, with sub-stages and relationship between them.

Political concepts merge through semantic relations and organize discursive systems. Polity, politics and public policy have systematic links together. Polity with "institutional" dimension includes foundations of Politics and Forms of government and enables actions of power actors. Politics with "procedural" dimension and combination of conflict and cooperation is central core of political system. The problem solving method and "normative" content of public policy formulate political aims and offers them in agenda setting of state. This article examines conceptual links among polity, politics and public policy in the "Second Pahlavi" era with emphasizing on the comparative-historical methods.

Author has defined the history of development mentality as "history of searching a possible better living situation for the man in the world" and has considered three characteristics "eternity, relativity and historical incompleteness" for it, because, according to him, searching such situation has no modern beginning, is not specifically European and is not essentially exhaustible. The author, then, has separated the allegory of "Game" from its traditional applications such as Wittgenstein, Gadamer and Derrida pragmatics contain and has formulated "The Game of Distinction and Contradiction" approach as a theoretical tool to understand the history of development mentality and has stabilized it on ten principal bases. In his view, the history of development mentality in any society, more than any other factor, is the product of the great Games of Distinction and Contradiction that occurred in the history of that society and every society has its own special unique history of development mentality led to stimulate the Presentness of mind life and the lived human experience in the society and his future possibilities in that society.

The Category, "making indigenous technologies" is not possible by buying its hardware only. So as an important issue toward developing the capabilities, why some countries could pass the obstacles and make progress, and some other countries like Iran are still undeveloped, need to be reviewed. In this article by using the institutionalism model especially the view of this model toward economic performance during the history and its theory about production organization, we have examined the situation localization technology in Iran.This article is based on descriptive- analytical research methods, for describing, we have used the statistic data from official resources, and for analyzing the institutionalism theoretical mechanism toward measuring the role of tacit knowledge and human assets have been examined. to examine the Iran's success in localizing technology, we have studied the import share of intermediate and capital goods (as a proxy for technology imports) with respect to changes in the value added of the industrial sector during development programs (1368-1393).The findings indicate that the failure to achieve localization of technology in the country. For development, it should be noted that organizational capacities are gradual and cumulative and to be provided institutional required on technology transfer and institutional reform is prior to the transfer of technology.

The Codified development documents of Iran indicate that the planned objectives in water section have not been successfully operated. Therefore, the present research has tried to find the basic reasons of such failure. The study explored the power structure in legal network of formal institutions connected with water management in the framework of "New Institutionalism Theory". Network of legal authorities of formal institutions related to water resources in national level was delineated with "Network Analysis" through UCINET and Netdraw Softwares. The results show that there is no good power distribution among water section institutions and no firm relationship among administrative and authoritative institutions in this section.

Philosophical reconstruction of public policy and the importance of emphasizing on life- world and everyday life contribution formulating policies, are two main topics of this article. For different reasons public policy can not free from principles, values and knowledge. Also, public policy needs to reconsiders its foundations, philosophically. Then we call this "philosophy of public policy". This is a branch of public policy. The task of this study is offering practical proposals for methodological-epistemological improvement of public policy and its critique.