فهرست مطالب

Sleep Sciences - Volume:1 Issue: 3, Summer 2016

Journal of Sleep Sciences
Volume:1 Issue: 3, Summer 2016

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/07/07
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Khosro Sadeghniiat, Haghighi Pages 92-93
  • Amir Hossein Mohammadi, Amir Houshang Mehrparvar, Raziyeh Soltani, Gerdfaramarzi, Ehsan Samimi, Mehrdad Mostaghaci Pages 94-100
    Background And Objective
    Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) through hypoxia and reoxygenation periods leads to oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and activation of inflammatory cycles, which eventually may cause disorder in vasa nervorum, and peripheral neuropathy in hearing pathway. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of severe sleep apnea on hearing function.
    Materials And Methods
    In this study, 91 individuals were evaluated and categorized in two groups of patients suffering from severe obstructive sleep apnea [Apnea/Hypopnea index (AHI) > 30], and controls (AHI
    Results
    Mean hearing threshold at 250-8000 Hz was 24.44 ± 6.80 dB, and 15.75 ± 5.10 dB in case and control groups, respectively (P
    Conclusion
    The frequency of hearing loss in patients with obstructive sleep apnea was estimated to be more than subjects without it. The severity of obstructive sleep apnea was associated with hearing loss. Obstructive sleep apnea may be a risk factor for hearing loss due to hypoxia. Thus, treatment of it may reduce risk of hearing loss. Further studies are required to evaluate the influence of treatment of obstructive sleep apnea on hearing loss.
    Keywords: Obstructive sleep apnea, Pure tone audiometry, Apnea, hypopnea index, Hearing loss
  • Maryam Moradian Shahrbabaki, Homayoun Vahedi, Khosro Sadeghniiat, Haghighi, Mansour Shamsipour Pages 101-108
    Background And Objective
    Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder. Sleep disturb-ances are known to be common among individuals with this syndrome. This study aimed to determine the relationship between sleep quality and severity of intestinal symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome.
    Materials And Methods
    This cross-sectional study was carried out among 201 subjects who met the Rome III criteria for irritable bowel syndrome with no organic gastrointestinal or mental disease. Demographic data was recorded; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Irritable Bowel Syndrome Severity Scoring System (IBS-SSS) questionnaires were employed to measure the sleep quality, hours of sleeping in darkness and severity of intestinal symptoms. The Hospital Anxiety and De-pression Scale (HADS) questionnaire was also used to measure the anxiety and depression among the subjects.
    Results
    Among 201 subjects, 67.2% were poor sleepers (PSQI > 5), and the average time for sleeping in darkness was 5.51 ± 1.45 hours. Anxiety and depression were significantly related to the sleep quality. Besides, the subjects with more hours of sleeping in darkness tended to have lower PSQI scores. The correlation between the global IBS-SSS and PSQI score indicated a strong relationship (P = 0.02), which became weaker after adjusting the effects of anxiety and depression (P = 0.05). Subjects with depression spent fewer hours to sleep in darkness and the mean hours of sleeping in darkness were lower in subjects with IBS symptoms compared to the group in remission.
    Conclusion
    There is an inverse relationship between the severity of symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome and sleep quality.
    Keywords: Irritable bowel syndrome, Sleep quality, Anxiety, Depression, Sleeping in darkness
  • Saba Nasootifard, Khosro Sadeghniiat, Haghighi, Omid Aminian, Mojahedeh Salmani Nodoushan, Kaveh Karimi Pages 109-114
    Background And Objective
    Sleepiness is one of the important factors in motor vehicle accidents, especially in commercial drivers (CDs). Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has an important role in developing sleepiness. The STOP-BANG questionnaire is used in medical examinations of commercial drivers in Iran by law. This study aimed to investigate the judgment that drivers prefer not to report their symptoms honestly leading to underestimation of their STOP-BANG scores.
    Materials And Methods
    In a cross-sectional study, two groups of commercial drivers were compared; A: 52 drivers referred from Occupational Medicine Clinic to Baharloo Sleep Clinic, Tehran, Iran, because of detecting high scores in the STOP-BANG questionnaire with confirmed obstructive sleep apnea in the polysomnography, B: 87 volunteer commercial drivers referred to Baharloo Sleep Clinic because of sleep related complaints and obstructive sleep apnea was confirmed via polysomnography. The score of Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the subjective items including snoring, tiredness, and observed apnea (STO) and objective items including blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), neck circumference, age, and gender (P-BANG) were compared between the groups and the correlations with Apnea/Hypopnea Index (AHI) were assessed.
    Results
    Statistical analysis showed that STO scores were different between the two groups (P
    Conclusion
    Subjective items of STOP-BANG questionnaire in commercial drivers requesting health license require reevaluation. New cut-off criterion or combination with more objective methods is recommended to be considered for screening of obstructive sleep apnea in commercial drivers.
    Keywords: Commercial drivers, Motor vehicle accident, Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), Polysomnography, STOP, BANG questionnaire
  • Fariba Tardast, Farzaneh Chavoshi, Omid Aminian Pages 115-119
    Background And Objective
    Higher concentration of systemic inflammatory markers is reported in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Levels of inflammatory markers may be associated with severity of OSA. Objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between level of inflammation markers and OSA severity.
    Materials And Methods
    Fifty six patients with symptoms and signs of OSA free of prevalent medical conditions including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension were recruited in this study. Full night polysomnography (PSG) was performed for all the study participants. Participants’ blood samples were taken to analyze serum concentrations of Creactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in the morning after PSG.
    Results
    The mean age of participants was 40.32 ± 10.78 years with mean body mass index (BMI) of 28.72 ± 4.96 kg/m2. 46 participants (82%) were male. Based on Apnea/Hypopnea Index (AHI), 43 participants (76%) had AHI ≥ 5. Signifi-cant difference was found between serum CRP levels in patients with and without OSA (P = 0.03). However, no signif-icant association was observed in terms of ESR levels between the study groups. After adjustment for age, BMI, neck circumference, and heart rate, CRP had no significant difference between the two study groups. In linear regression model, only BMI was correlated with CRP.
    Conclusion
    This study indicated that BMI is an independent risk factor for elevation of CRP in patients with OSA. Further researches are needed to explore the effects of sleep-related hypoxia on inflammatory serum markers.
    Keywords: Obstructive sleep apnea, Inflammatory serum markers, Body mass index (BMI)
  • Maryam Saraei, Farzaneh Chavoshi, Arezu Najafi, Reihaneh Heidari, Ania Rahimi Golkhandan Pages 120-124
    Background And Objective
    Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is considered a common sleep disorder that increases the risk of traffic accidents among drivers. This study aimed to assess the association between Mallampati score and STOP-BANG (Snoring, Tiredness, Observed apnea, Blood Pressure, Body Mass Index, Age, Neck circumference, Gender) score in commercial drivers.
    Materials And Methods
    1743 male drivers referred for their health license were recruited in this cross-sectional study during September 2013 to December 2015 in Baharloo Hospital, Tehran, Iran. The Persian version of the STOP-BANG ques-tionnaire was used. STO symptoms were self-reported by drivers. Age, height (m), weight (kg), blood pressure (mmHg), neck circumference (cm), and Mallampati score were recorded by physician. STO and P-BANG scores were computed for all the participants. Data were analyzed using ANOVA test for comparing means among different classes of Mallampati score.
    Results
    Among 1743 participated drivers, mean (SD) age was 41 (10.6) years. STOP-BANG score was
    Conclusion
    STOP-BANG and P-BANG scores were significantly associated with Mallampati score. Mallampati score may be used as a screening parameter for OSA in commercial drivers along with available tools such as STOP-BANG and Epworth Sleepiness Scale that is mainly based on self-reports of drivers.
    Keywords: Commercial driver, Mallampati class, Obstructive sleep apnea
  • Mahmood Vakili, Mozhgan Modaressi, Maasomah Rezvani, Arezoo Aghakoochak Pages 125-130
    Background And Objective
    Poor sleep, poor quality of sleep and sleepiness are among the common problems as-sociated with learning, memory and educational performance in children and adolescents. Considering the lack of pre-vious literature in this field, especially in the city of Yazd, Iran, a number of high-school students of the city participat-ed in a study to assess sleep problems and influencing factors.
    Materials And Methods
    In this cross-sectional study, 740 high-school students in Yazd were selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling method. The data were collected using Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), reliability and validity of which had been proved (with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.8). After encoding questionnaires, correlation and chi-square tests were used to evaluate the impact of corresponding factors on sleep quality via SPSS software.
    Results
    Of 740 students, 39% had sleep disturbances that had significant relationship with variables of gender, field of study, father's occupation, and father's education. Mean PSQI score did not have significant relationship with varia-bles of mother's education, body mass index (BMI), students’ birth, and mother's job. Furthermore, 16.7% of students were unsatisfied with their sleep pattern, while 3.5%, 58.7%, and 21.1% were very unsatisfied, satisfied, and very satis-fied, respectively.
    Conclusion
    Teenagers’ sleep may be affected by different factors such as sex, field of study, father's occupation, and father's education. Change in environmental and family condition could improve sleep disturbances, educational, and occupational performance.
    Keywords: Sleep disturbances, Adolescents, Iran
  • Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh, Naser Parizad, Hossein Z Page 131
    Background And Objective
    Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sensorimotor disorder that causes sleep deprivation. RLS is characterized by discomfort in the legs and severe desire to move them during sleep. Different prevalence rates about RLS are reported in Iran. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to estimate the prevalence of RLS in Iran.
    Materials And Methods
    By searching the national and international databases such as Scientific Information Database (SID), MagIran, Google Scholar, IranMedex, Science Direct, PubMed and Scopus, 30 articles published between 2005 and 2014 were found. The results of the studies were combined using the random-effects model in the meta-analysis. Heterogenei-ty among studies was assessed using the I2 index and P value less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Data were analyzed using STATA software version 11.2.
    Results
    In studied articles, 8459 participants were entered into meta-analysis and the prevalence of RLS was esti-mated as 30% (95% CI: 24%-36%). According to the meta-regression diagram, the prevalence of RLS decreased by increasing the sample size and the year of study, indicated possible rising of the prevalence, but these changes were not statistically significant. The prevalence of RLS in patients with kidney disease (45%; 95% confidence interval: 33% to 57%), patients with diabetes (35%; 95% confidence interval: 22% to 49%), and patients with neurological disease (33%; 95% confidence interval: 10% to 57%) was more than other groups.
    Conclusion
    Given the high estimated prevalence of RLS in this study, it is recommended to identify at-risk indi-viduals and provide educational materials for them.
    Keywords: Iran, Restless legs syndrome, Meta, analysis, Systematic review