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Infection, Epidemiology And Medicine - Volume:3 Issue: 3, Summer 2017

Infection, Epidemiology And Medicine
Volume:3 Issue: 3, Summer 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/07/25
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • NaÏma Raaf, Wahiba Amhis, Safa Baiod-Chorfi, Fadhila Benhassine, Mounira Ouar-Korichi Pages 73-77
    Background
    Helicobacter pylori infection is generally acquired in childhood. Algeria is a country with a high prevalence of H. pylori infection. The aim of this work was to take stock of H. pylori infection in Algerian children.
    Materials And Methods
    About 31antral biopsies were cultured, and then antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed. The statuses of cagPAI and vacA s, m, I, and d regions were determined as well as geographical typing was done by MultiLocus Sequence Typing (MLST) method.
    Results
    Culture was H. pylori positive in 12 children. Only one resistance to clarithromycin and one to metronidazole were detected. Four out of six strains possessed cagPAI, and five out of six strains were identified as vacA s2m2i2d2. The five strains tested by MLST were of the hpEurope type.
    Conclusion
    This study revealed high prevalence of H. pylori infection and low resistance to antibiotics and reported for the first time in Algeria a genetic typing of H. pylori strains isolated from Pediatrics.
    Keywords: Culture, Gastric biopsies, Antibiotics resistance, cagPAI, vacA
  • Simindokht Shoaei, Shahnaz Sali, Hooman Yousefi Pages 78-81
    Background
    Nosocomial infections have high mortality rates because of infective organism's specific characteristics and the type of patients identified with different comorbid diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rate of different microorganisms and their characteristics in terms of resistance to various antibiotics.
    Materials And Methods
    Samples of urine, blood, abscess and wound secretion, and septum or tracheal secretions were cultured for 139 patients who were hospitalized during September 2012 to September 2014 and identified with nosocomial infection in different hospital wards. Then the type of microorganism and their antibiotic resistance were determined for each patient using culture antibiogram with disk diffusion method. Results were then analyzed using SPSS software.
    Results
    The incidence of nosocomial infections was observed more in men than in women. Fever and purulent discharge from the wound site were the most common symptoms, leading to patient's hospitalization. Most patients were from the transplant and urology wards. Urinary tract, skin, and soft tissue infections (SSTI) had the highest prevalence rate in patients. Escherichia coli was the most common infectious microorganism in patients, which was sensitive to imipenem and meropenem. Kelebsiella as the next most common infectious microorganism was resistant to imipenem.
    Conclusion
    The results of this study are consistent with the previous studies. Due to infectious microorganism's resistance to antibiotics, it is recommended to reduce the consumption of antibiotics.
    Keywords: Nosocomial infection, Antimicrobial resistance, Prevalence, Infection control
  • Somayeh Soleymanzadeh Moghadam, Sara Fathizadeh, Ali Majidpour, Nazanin Mohammad, Zeinab Fagheei Aghmiyuni, Zohreh Khodaii, Mehdi Kamalzare, Mahdi Goudarzvand Pages 82-85
    Background
    Recently, the use of probiotics in preventing and treating the immune system diseases through changes in blood factors has attracted the attention of researchers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium B94 on changes of blood factors, influencing the autoimmune system diseases.
    Materials And Methods
    The rats used in this study were divided into four groups (n=10 each), including control (saline), damage with Ethidium bromide (EB), L. plantarum and Bifidobacterium B94 treatment groups. In damage and treatment groups, a single dose of 3μL EB was directly injected into hippocampus of rats for inducing demyelization. Also, in control group, the same amount of saline was used. Then 2×108 probiotic bacteria were administered by gavage for 28 days. Then serum calcium and cholesterol levels were measured. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests (p≤ .05).
    Results
    The results showed that level of blood serum calcium increased insignificantly in the L. plantarum and Bifidobacterium B94 treatment groups compared to control group. Also, the level of blood serum cholesterol decreased insignificantly in both treatment groups compared to control group.
    Conclusion
    Probiotics are used for preventing and treating some of the common autoimmune diseases such as MS. Previous studies showed that probiotics affects some of the blood parameters such as calcium and cholesterol while decrease or increase in these parameters is effective in the improvement of MS. Although no significant finding has been obtained in some of these studies, they have almost confirmed the recommendation of probiotic consumption.
    Keywords: Probiotic, Demyelination, Ethidium bromide, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium B94
  • Nayereh Ghods, Mehraban Falahati, Maryam Roudbary, Sara Mardani, Farhad Seif Pages 86-89
    Background
    Aspergillosis is an opportunistic infection caused by Aspergillus spp in immunocompromised patients. The role of HSP90 in Aspergillus drug resistance is still unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the presence of HSP90 gene and polyene resistance in Aspergillus spp using PCR.
    Materials And Methods
    In this study, 32 Aspergillus strains were used, which were isolated from patients susceptible to aspergillosis through Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and identified by conventional methods. The isolates were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA). Susceptibility testing against amphotericin B was conducted according CLSI standards (M38-A). Also, the presence of HSP90 gene was evaluated using PCR.
    Results
    Of 32 Aspergillus strains used in this study, 16 (50%) isolates were identified as A. Flavus, 12 (37.5%) isolates as A. fumigatus, and 4 (12.5%) isolates as A. terreus. Among these species, 19 (59.37%) isolates were sensitive to amphotericin B whereas 13 (40.62%) were resistant. Moreover, there was a significant difference between the presence of HSP90 gene and resistance to amphotericin B in Aspergillus species.
    Conclusions
    The presence of HSP90 gene provides evidence that shows this gene may play important role in resistance to amphotericin B in Aspergillus isolates. Although numerous regulatory genes are involved in resistance mechanisms, they remaines to be more clarified.
    Keywords: Aspergillus spp, Amphotericin B, HSP90 gene, PCR
  • Leila Hosseinpour, Mahdi Zareei, Zeinab Borjian Boroujeni, Razieh Yaghoubi, Seyed Jamal Hashemi Pages 90-95
    Background
    Adverse effects of synthetic pigments used in pharmaceutical andfoodindustriesand etc,have created a tendency toward the application of natural pigments. Environmental conditions are important factors in the growth and physiological function of different organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth rate of fungal biomass and production rate of black pigment (melanin) in fungus Exophialacrusticola under different incubation time, temperature, and light conditions to obtain an optimal condition for their production.
    Materials And Methods
    After obtaining an optimal incubation temperature, cultured fungus in potato dextrose agar and broth media was exposed to blue, yellow, white, red, green, and darknesslight conditions with 14-35 daysof incubation times. The averageamount of produceddry weight of fungal biomass and pigmentweremeasured, and the results were statistically analyzed with SPSS software ver.22.
    Results
    Suitable incubation temperature for fungal growthwas 22°C.The maximum average amount of fungal biomass (0.17 g)and pigment production (OD = 0.94) were after 35 days of incubation (p
    Conclusion
    By optimization the incubation time, temperature, and light for the growth and production of pigmentinfungusE.crusticola, it is possible to produce a large amount of fungus and its related pigmentin order to be utilized in a variety of industrialand pharmaceutical use, and etc. Also, due to the fungus rapid growth in response to the yellow light, it is possible to use this feature in isolation and early diagnosis of this fungusin suspected pathogenesiscases.
    Keywords: Fungal, Biomass, Light, Pigment, Exophiala
  • Leila Hosseinpour, Mahdi Zareei, Zeinab Borjian Boroujeni, Razieh Yaghoubi, Seyed Jamal Hashemi Pages 96-99
    Background
    Survival of dermatophytesinskin scales and nail scraps sampled from human lesions could have ecological and epidemiologicalimportance.The aim of this study was to store humanskin scale and nail lesions infected with dermatophyteagents,at -20°C for a long timeand to investigate the re-isolation rate of dermatophytes species from such samples after storage.
    Materials And Methods
    After referral to Medical Mycology Laboratory of Tehran University of Medical Science, the patients were subjected to sampling. Confirmation of dermatophytepositive result in direct smears was done with Potassium hydroxide, then culturing on Sabouraud dextrose agar media was performed, and species were identifiedusing standard procedures, and remaining samples were stored at -20°C. After 10 years, samples were re-examined for the presence and re-isolation of intended fungi according to the standard procedures.
    Results
    From a total of 5 species enrolled in this study, Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, andTricholosporumviolaceum survived, andTrichophyton rubrum andTrichophytonverrucosumlost their viability at -20°C after 10 years. There was a significant difference between the re-isolation rate and the type of dermatophytes (p
    Conclusion
    Some dermatophytes species including E. floccosum are able to maintain their ability to survive for a long time in human scale samples in certain time and temperature conditions (10 years at -20 °C) and to grow in appropriate conditions. These findings should be considered in ecological and epidemiological studies.
    Keywords: Dermatophyte, Survival, Storage, Scale
  • Abdolhossein Dalimi, Farid Tahvildar, Fatemeh Ghaffari Far Pages 100-103
    Background
    Cryptosporidiosis is one of the most important parasitic diseases infecting a broad variety of animals and humans. In the present study, Nested PCR-RFLP-based assay was applied for genotyping ofþ þþsheep cryptosporidiosis. The target of amplification was the 18S rRNA gene ýýused to identify Cryptosporidium species
    ý
    Materials And Methods
    In the first step, 1300 faecal samples were collected from sheep in Tehran province, then the samples were examined for the presence of ýCryptosporidium using modified acid fast staining. In the second step, DNA was extracted from the ýpositive samples. Next, 18S rRNA gene was amplified by ýNested-PCR in order to differentiate between the species. The PCR product was digested by Ssp1 restriction enzyme. ý
    Results
    Twenty two positive ýsheep samples were detected by modified acid fast method. The results were confirmed by molecular techniques. The 845 bp fragment of 18S rRNA was digested ýby restriction enzymes. Twenty samples showed ýa similar band on 2.5% agarose gel whereas 2 samples demonstrated different pattern. The sequences of two patterns indicated two species of C. andersoni and C. parvum.
    Conclusion
    In spite of other studies results introducing C. parvum as the major agent of ýcryptosporidiosis in sheep, in our study, C. andersoni was found to be dominant.
    Keywords: Cryptosporidium, 18S rRNA, Polymerase Chain Reaction, sheep, Iran
  • Davood Yadegarynia, Shervin Shokouhi, Shabnam Tehrani, Anita Yazdani Pages 104-106
    Infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare but serious disease with different clinical pictures. Its neurological complication is commonly mistaken in term of diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, such cases must be taken under further diagnostic imaging for searching the basic structural lesions. Known causes of these signs include cardio embolism with hemorrhagic transformation, septic embolism, or mycotic aneurysms. In this paper, our case was a patient admitted for the evaluation of local neurological complaint reason and subsequent therapy. He was found to have bacterial endocarditis after medical workup. It was diagnosed prospectively from positive tests of vegetation on Transesophageal echocardiogram and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results.
    Keywords: Infective endocarditis, septic cerebral emboli, neurological complication