فهرست مطالب

basic science in medicine - Volume:3 Issue: 3, Sep 2018

International journal of basic science in medicine
Volume:3 Issue: 3, Sep 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/06/16
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Hammad Akram*, Gohar Ashraf, Muhammad Asif Ijaz Pages 94-98
    Obesity is a prominent global phenomenon of this century related to the several chronic diseases and associated mortality. Social determinants and environmental factors could play an important role among humans in the adoption of certain behaviors leading to the obesity and related health issues. This makes obesity a complex public health issue dependent on several physiological, pathobiological and psychological phenomena. This manuscript is an attempt to examine the complex interrelationship between the social environment, social determinants, and behavioral factors and their role in the development of the adverse health outcomes. The article also describes a few examples examining the impact of selected public health interventions on behavioral modifications among study samples/populations that could lead to the healthier lifestyles and decrease in obesity.
    Keywords: Obesity, Obesogenic factors, Social determinants, Social environment, Multimorbidity, Obesity prevention
  • Mohammad Ehsan Taghavizadeh Yazdi, Jalil Khara, Mohammad Reza Housaindokht, Hamid Reza Sadeghnia, Sedigheh Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadid, Mohammad Sadegh Amiri, Majid Darroudi * Pages 99-103
    Currently, there have been lots of interests in phytochemicals as bioactive components. The roles of fruit, vegetables, and red pigments in preventing diseases have been partly accredited to the antioxidant properties of their constituent polyphenols, flavonoid, anthocyanins, and etc. Biochemistry parameters including the relative levels of antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, total flavonoid, total anthocyanin, soluble and insoluble sugar content of Ribes khorasanicum, have been calculated in this project. The total anthocyanin content of the investigated Ribes khorasanicum measured to be 62.9 mg/g in dry weight, while displaying high levels when compared to other components, which indicates that the anthocyanin content was the predominant antioxidant components in the investigated plant. This particular plant has the potential to serve as the important source of antioxidant that can be utilized in different biological and medical applications.
    Keywords: Ribes khorasanicum, antioxidants, anthocyanin
  • Payman Heidarian, H Shahraki, HR Basseri, M Fatahi, H Mirahmadi*, A Mehravarn Pages 104-108
    Because of the drug resistance and toxic side effects observed following administration of many antibacterial drugs, novel strategies are highly needed for treatment of bacterial diseases. Chitosan important immune system stimulators, is found in cockroaches who are living in contaminated sites. this substance appears to help the cockroaches strongly deal with pathogens. The aim of this study was to extract thechitosan from nymph and adult stage of both Blattella germanica and Preplenta amercana and evaluate its antibactral and antifungal activities. To demineralize the insect's integument powder, HCl 1 normal was used. In addition, the process of deproteination was performed by using(for transformation integument powder into chitin )NaOH 1normal. Subsequently, by NaOH 50% chitin was deastelated[F1] to chitosan. Finally chitosan was dissolved in lactic acid 1 % and preserved until the time of antitrichomonal and antifungal activity examinations.. Chitosan extracted from cockroaches shows beneficial effects on Gram + bacterias. For instance, it has shown powerful impacts on E.Coli and Estafilococos oreous, but not on fungi. The current study revealed that chitosan has excellent antibacterial activities and could be considered as a new approach to fight various bacterial agents. Chitosan is also was effective against Fungi (in a high pH environment) Furthermore, we identified biochemical processes resulted in chitin deacetylation to chitosan within the insect's body. There are evidence showing that the blockage of chitin makes the insects much more vulnerable to microbial infections.
    Keywords: Chitosan, antifungal, antibacterial, insects
  • Mojtaba Eizadi*, MohammadAli Seyed Hoseini Pages 109-113
    Introduction
    Recent evidence has shown that acute exercise modulates the immune response in healthy individuals, although the effect on smokers has not drawn much attention. This study examined acute and post exercise inflammatory responses in smokers and nonsmokers to moderate aerobic exercise.
    Methods
    For this purpose, Fifteen recreationally sedentary male smokers and 15 nonsmokers matched for age (35.5 ± 5.8 years) and BMI(31.30 ± 4.5 kg/m2) were familiarized and underwent aerobic exercise testing involved 40 min running on flat surface with no slope at 70(%) of maximal heart rate. Venous blood was obtained pre-exercise (baseline), 0, 60 min and 24 hours for analysis of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) of 2 groups. Experimental data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance with repeated measures in each group.
    Results
    No differences existed between groups for baseline IL-1B between 2 groups but serum TNF-α was higher in smokers. Aerobic exercise test results a significant decrease in serum TNF-α at 0, 60 min and 24 hours compared baseline in smokers but not in non-smokers. Serum IL-1βremained unchanged at all blood samples after exercise test in both groups.
    Conclusion
    All together, based on acute and recovery response of TNF-α to exercise, it seems that a moderate aerobic exercise has beneficial effects on inflammatory profile in smokers.
    Keywords: Inflammation, Smoking, Aerobic exercise, Recovery
  • Hosein Hatami, Mahtab Maghsoodlu, Pejman Salehifar, Mohammad Saied Karimian, Shirin Ferdowsi * Pages 114-119
    Introduction
    Donor selection prior to blood donation is one of the most important steps in ensuring the safety of blood products. This study aims to evaluate donor deferral rates, causes of deferral, and characteristics of deferred in Kurdistan province, west of Iran.
    Method
    This is a cross-sectional study carried out in the Kurdistan blood transfusion organization, from 2010 to 2015. All donors were screened before donation by detailed interview and physical examination. Standard operating procedures (SOPs) were used for donor selection and deferral.
    Results
    The deferral rate was 14.55%. The top seven deferral reasons were the use of certain medications (15.6%), abnormal blood pressure (9.03%), polycythemia (8.5%), risky behaviors (6.3%), previous donation in last 3 months (5.9%), history of repeatedly reactive test (5.21%) and anemia (4.85%). The overall proportion of deferrals was higher among those less than 35 years old (P < 0.001), female (P < 0.001), first-time donors (P < 0.001), single (P < 0.001) and less than 12 years schooling (P < 0.001).
    Conclusion
    This study showed a different pattern of donor deferrals in compared to other studies. The main reason for deferral was being on medication that may be due to lack of sufficient blood donation eligibility criteria in Kurdistan province. Therefore, public education about the importance of blood donation and donor’s conditions can be effective in reducing the number of deferral.
    Keywords: blood donation, deferred donors, deferral reasons
  • Yousef Fazaeli*, Gholamreza Gholamreza Shahhosseini, Samira Samira Shahbazi, Shahzad Feizi Pages 120-126
    8-hydroxyquinoline and 5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline were treated with a titanium (IV) and Aluminum (III) alkoxide reagents to generate (Q)2(2-BuO) Al (Q = 8-hydroxyquinoline and 5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline) and (Q)2(O-iPr)2Ti (Q = 5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline) complexes. These active complexes underwent successive grafting on MCM-41 mesoporous silica in order to improve overall toxicity and stability of them. The prepared nanocomposites were characterized. Anti-bacterial activity of the compounds on Escherchia coli (ATCC 1330), Salmonella typhi (PTCC 1609) and Staphylococcus aureus subsp. Areas (PTCC 1113) were tested and the anti-fungal activity of them was determined using the agar well diffusion assay method on SCC (for yeasts) and Muller Hinton Agar medium (for filamentous fungi). The results showed that the anti-microbial (bacterium and fungi) effect of the Ti & Al complexes can be improved in the solid-state using appropriate chlorine substituent on the 8-hydroxyquinoline ligand and grafting to the mesoporous silica.
    Keywords: MCM-41, Titanium, Aluminum, 8-hydroxyquinoline, Anti-bacterial activity, anti-fungal activity
  • Parastoo Rahdar, Homayoun Khazali * Pages 127-132
    Background
    Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone and its mammalian orthologues (RFRP: RF amid related peptide) are known to inhibit the secretion of gonadotropins. In addition, substance P (SP) a member of tachykinin’s family is demonstrated that can increase the firing rate of kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin (KNDy) neurons and provokes the of secretion gonadotropins. In this experimental study we investigated the effects of co-administration of RFRP-3 and SP on the expression of KISS-1 and GnRH genes in male rats.
    Methods
    forty-two mature Wistar rats were randomly allocated in 7 groups (n=6 in each group). Animals in each group intracerebroventricularly received either saline+DMSO, 1nmol SP, 5 nmol RFRP-3, 1nmol SP plus 5 nmol RFRP-3, 1 nmol SP plus10 nmol RF9 (RFRP-3 receptor antagonist), 1 nmol SP plus 1 nmol P234 (kisspeptin receptor antagonist) plus 5 nmol RFRP-3 or 1 nmol SP plus 5 nmol CP-96,345 (SP receptor antagonist) plus 5 nmol RFRP-3 in final volume of 3 µl. After two hours following injections hypothalamic samples were collected for evaluating the expression of target genes by real-time PCR technique.
    Results
    Injections in SP and SP plus RF9 groups increase the expression of the both GnRH and KISS-1 genes (P<0.05). Injections in RFRP-3 group and SP plus RFRP-3 plus SP antagonist group significantly decrease the expression of both GnRH and KISS-1 genes (P<0.05). Injections of SP plus RFRP-3 group and SP plus RFRP-3 plus P234 group did not significantly change the expression of GnRH and KISS-1 genes.
    Conclusion
    The results indicate that SP antagonizes the effects of RFRP-3 on the expression of Hypothalamic KISS-1 and GnRH genes.
    Keywords: RFamid-related peptid-3, GnRH, KISS-1, Substance P, Rat
  • Sara Milanizadeh, Abbas Aliaghaei, Mohammad Reza Bigdeli * Pages 133-139
    Aim
    Introducing neurotrophic factors are among several new approaches to enhance neural resistance to the ischemic condition. Cancer cells such as 4T1 are one of the strongest cells with high viability in transplanted area. 4T1 cells are invasive breast carcinoma cells derived from spontaneous tumors in mouse Balb/C which their pathologic effects are limited to Balb/C species. Sertoli cells (SCs) can be a proper candidate for increasing transplanted cells survival. These cells not only suppress the immune system, but also secret growth factors. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible neuroprotective effect of 4T1 transplantation on middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model alone and with SCs co-transplanted. Material and
    Methods
    Rats were divided into five experimental groups: control, sham, SCs, 4T1 and 4T1+SCs treated groups. Cells were transplanted into the right striatum by using stereotaxic surgery. Ischemic surgery was done after five days. 24 hours after reperfusion, neurological severity score, infarct volume, brain edema, and blood-brain barrier permeability were assessed in different areas of the brain including cortex, striatum and piriform cortex-amygdala (Pir-Amy).
    Results
    This study demonstrates that SCs and 4T1 transplantation ameliorate neurological deficits and reduce infarct volume, brain edema and blood-brain barrier permeability compared to the control group.
    Conclusion
    Introducing cancer cell transplantation as a source of neurotrophic factors to enhance neural survival can be a new approach in cell therapy.
    Keywords: Sertoli cells, Middle cerebral artery occlusion, Blood-brain barrier, Brain edema, Cell transplantation