نشریه جغرافیای اجتماعی شهری
پیاپی 3 (تابستان 1394)

Population growth has increased urban areas and consequently, increased land usage. Therefore, the more cities are extended, the more land usages will varied. Meanwhile, the role of educational usages in growth and guidance of individual's especially elementary school students are undeniable. The basic problem is that schools are not deployed properly in Kerman. Hence the aim of this study is the location analysis of elementary schools in district 1 of this city. Target population includes all elementary schools in district 1 of Kerman city and the method used is the method used is descriptive analytical. Moreover, library studies are used to identify the criteria, field surveys are used to determine current location of schools, and a researcher-made questionnaire (AHP) which its validity is based on experts’ opinion and its reliability is based on calculating the rate of adaptation and sensitivity analysis using Expert Choice software. Furthermore, geographic information system (GIS) is used and different layers were coincided and analyzed by fuzzy method. Results indicate that status of schools in some parts of the district are relatively undesirable. As a result, the optimal areas for construction of primary schools for girls and boys in the region were presented in separately applicable maps.

The rapid growth of urbanization in developing countries increases urban poverty and this growing phenomenon has created many problems for these countries. Thus, by having the facilities and welfare – service infrastructure, the cities draw the unemployed population of the rural areas. Since the unemployed people lack particular job skills, would draw to false employment and due to low income settle down in the suburbs. I need, the wealthy island surrounded by a black belt of deprivation and misery with the name of suburb is created. The purpose of this study is to explain the role of municipalities in empowering the suburbans of the city of Gorgan. Therefore, descriptive - analytical and field studies have been used. The target population in this study include residents of "Islamabad", Ghaleah Hassan", "Afsaran district" and contour "Avzyneh" and "Kashani". using Cochran method, 276 samples were selected. The Chi-square test results showed that the access to welfare services and urban infrastructure are very few for the suburbans. Moreover, the obtained results of the regression coefficient represents that the relationship between employment and economic status of families with Beta coefficient is equal to 0, 307 in suburbs of the city of Gorgan. Finally, strategies to empower the suburbans of the city of Gorgan is provided.

Provisional inhabitancy of all or some of the citizens outside of their permanent residence due to crisis is one of the significant cases in planning and management of crisis which is called temporary accommodation. Choosing a suitable location of accommodation regarding to access, time management and cost of appropriate and best services is one of the crisis management necessities in this point. In this study, the cities of Jiroft and Anbarabad were selected due to the susceptible high seismicity as a template to locate the temporary disposition of the population affected by the possible earthquake. Based on analytical descriptive methodology, 25 contributing factors in locating which are derived from natural, infrastructure, economic and social conditions city are used. Regarding the integration of data, geographic information systems and fuzzy logic are used and considering the operation of fuzzy integration and locating provisional inhabitancy Arc GIS software was used as it has extensive functionality in multi-criteria decisions. Then, using WLC (Weighted Linear Combination), obtained fuzzy map integrated and suitable locations were identified. The results of this study show in Jiroft and Anbarabad bounds, 29 pieces of land are eligible areas. After adjusting the land use and required areas, 12 pieces (7 locations in the city of Jiroft and 5 places in Anbarabad) have been suggested as appropriate locations for the establishment of population in times of crisis.

Today, in constructing cities and determining their geographical extremities concerns are made to the balance of city and region, to city and village interactions, to spatial balance and to the balance of human and environment. Since the villages are scattered and subtle and there is no functional connection between urban and rural areas, the creation and overgrowth of urban areas with long geographic extremities in the regions of the country, will lead to the balance annihilation. Based on their abilities, the intermediary cities can be connecting links between the big cities and the small towns. Accordingly, the purpose of this article is to examine the impact of the intermediary city of Jahrom on the regional balance. The method used is descriptive- analytical. The overall results indicate that the city of Jahrom has been considered by southern Fars province because of its appropriate infrastructure in economic sectors. The extensive services such as health- care , communication, trade , monetary and banking , security - military , higher education, and etc, has made this city to play a significant role in supplying the needs of the Southern and Eastern districts of Fars province, and to provide some of the needs of the neighboring provinces, including parts of Hormozgan province.

The fundamental issues to achieve sustainable urban development is to identify a framework of city in an attempt to achieve the desired urban form. In this regard, urban planning’s theorists placed the category of sustainable city in the heart of compact city on the agenda. Today, most researchers consider the compact urban form as the most stable form and view the goals of sustainable development in the urban density. The aim of this study is to determine key development pattern of Iran's metropolitan physical expansion (Mashhad, Shiraz, Tabriz and Isfahan) in the period from 1335 to 1390 (1956 – 2011). The main method used in this research is descriptive/ analytical and hence, the proposed methods Tai (The metropolis’s degree of aggregation, and size) as well as the indicators of Henderson, Herfindahl, absolute entropy Holdren Model are used. In order to calculate the degree of population aggregation in the metropolises, the Jini coefficient and the relative entropy are used. The results of this research show that among the metropolises under study, Mashhad, Isfahan and Shiraz in the past had slow growth and relative density in terms of spatial development. Starting with rapid urbanization, and rapid growth in their areas and unfocussed growth will occur. However, the extent of their distribution is reduced and the tendency towards concentration and aggregation is obvious in recent years. But the situation in Tabriz is different from other metropolises under study. So that by 1375 the area and population growth is almost balanced but after this decade the area has a lot more growth of its population and has a long horizontal expansion.

Mashhad is in a high risk of earthquakes due to the number of active faults around and inside it. Therefore, the damage to infrastructures, especially roads and highways network, could adversely affect the access to disaster affected areas. This study analyzed the communication networks vulnerabilities and potential damages to the streets and blocking roads in the area due to the collapse of buildings after earthquakes. This study was conducted mathematical modeling techniques and survey method. The critical areas with the degree of closeness to high degree of risk have been selected by calculating the indicators such as maximum of buildings height and minimum of street width were determined using ArcGIS software. Mathematical modeling techniques and the degree of network compatibility indicates that 58, 2% of the networks in case of destruction of the buildings are totally inappropriate. Regarding to non-compliance with building height and road width, 46. 27% of them will be in a dangerous situation. The results of GIS shows that by calculating this indicator most of the routes will be closed at the time of casualty and the transportation network might not be able to play a positive and effective role in immediate relief and reduce damage if disasters such as earthquakes occur in the area.

Ecological destinations are one of the manifestations of tourists interests to regions with the aim of spending their leisure time with nature are often set up in different areas. This study is conducted with the aim to investigate the role of ecological destinations in the development of sustainable tourism of Hanza region. This is a practical study and the method used is descriptive- analytical. The target population consist of people living in Hanza (four towns and villages with the population of 897 households). A total of 270 questionnaires (household) using Cochran formula were chosen as samples. The Cronbach's alpha was calculated for 0, 87 reliability questionnaire. The Data collected in GIS software and SPSS were analyzed using single sample T- test, F (ANOVA) and Waller-Duncan Test. The results indicated that setting up the ecological destinations have effects on economical, social, environmental and physical consequences. The positive effects of ecological destinations in the study area (with mean 3. 13) is moderate and between the areas studied, in terms of ecological destinations effects (except economically) there were significant differences in the 0. 95 reliability. The negative effects of ecological destinations in the study area are higher than moderate (with mean 4. 3) and among the areas studied in terms of the ecological impacts of the destinations there is a significant difference in the 0. 95 reliability.

The establishment of an urban settlement, above all, depends on form, natural processes and environmental factors because natural processes have significant role in site selection, distribution, morphology and physical development of the city and sometimes as a positive and time factor act as a preventive factor. Therefore, in this study it is tried to take advantage of the combination of AHP and GIS in explaining the impact of natural processes of physical development of Yasuj based on systematic approach and scenario design. The results indicate that the first scenario (geomorphology) and the third (seismic) show the highest accuracy and the zoning map result is the most suitable result for space expansion in the city of Yasuj. In geomorphology scenario the most suitable area with the accuracy of 60, 8 % index cover 9. 71 sq. km of existing habitat and can be expanded up to 38. 67 sq. kilometers. The best directions of the expansion generally are to West and South West regions. In seismic scenario with the amount of 61. 39 % is the most suitable area with the highest accuracy index and 11. 51 sq. km of the existing habitat are in this area that can be expanded to 52 sq. kilometers. The best directions of the expansion generally are to East, Centre and West of the area of study. As a result, the main controlling physical development factors of the city of Yasuj are natural processes specially the geomorphology and tectonic parameters.