فصلنامه ادبیات و زبانهای محلی ایران زمین
سال هشتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 22، زمستان 1397)

The most common type of borrowing is of words. Almost all languages have been affected by other languages. Borrowing in language occurs due to interactions among languages which can affect all linguistic components, from syntax, semantic and morphology to lexicon. Persian and Turkish language have mutual borrowing which is affected by Turkish to a great extend over centuries. As an example, Hamadani dialect has been affected by too many daily Turkish words due to close interactions between Turk and Fars people there. In this paper, we attempted to study the Turkish words in Hamadani dialect. It is important to notice that we avoid considering Turkish words used in other dialects of standard Persian.

Ancient Persian had had holy and beneficial elements which had been somehow effective in their lives and had identified goddess as their guardian. After the fire, water was the most sacred element for the Persian people." Anahita" was the god and angel of the clergy and the "Tyštar" was the goddess of rain and angel of day and night. Despite all the changes in this process, what was always persistent was their semantic spirit; the opposition of "good and bad" as an ancient and original mythical theme in the form of the "Thištar" campaigned against "Opus". Field studies in these areas are still remained virgin and they have indicated that mythological beliefs are still alive after centuries and they have varied with little change. These beliefs are sometimes blended with the lives of people which affected all aspects of theirs; so, separation and sometimes their detection are very difficult. Bakhtiari people are one of the rich sources of myths and ancient Iranian beliefs which have a deep connection with the myth and beliefs of the inhabitants of the land of Iran and even Mesopotamia."šaša Daloo" is a ceremony that has been transmitted for centuries through the generations. One of the myths of these people is water and rain. One can clearly see the works of the gods of Anahita and Thistar at the "šaša Dalo" ceremony in Bakhtiari.

Animals play a very significant role in traditional and rural life, as they have in language and literature. From all variety of folk literature, the animals are reflected in most proverbs, many of their behaviors and characteristics have become symbolic. Symbols are important elements in social relations and in transferring of concepts. In this article, we examined the symbolic features of 55 animals in Balochi expressions. These animals consist of (11 cases) pet animals, (16 cases) wild animals, (13 cases) birds, (5 cases) marine animals, and (10 cases) insects. The number of proverbs, idioms, and independent Balochi words is related to the subjects reaching up to 290. The main purpose of this study is to show how the animals symbolized in Balochi proverbs. Some of these symbols are applicable to similar subjects in Persian language and literature. This research is novel of title and theme in Balochi. In this research, the analytical method has been used and the proverbs and idioms are collected in field-search method.

Basically, local songs are the language of moods and feelings of those people who have not been poets or scholars, but they have had taste of poetry and passion. These songs had been existed from the early human life and in fact, music, song, and poetry have been existed for a long time and then have been implemented in various forms in Hormozgan, like anywhere else in the country. Investigation of songs, verses, led to recognition of community-based people as well as the tribal and local ones; people applied their innate and natural thoughts about facts and local happenings, events and ceremonies in those songs. And it has left a simple and local description from each one to be studied. This paper investigates the love terms in local songs of Hormozgan and thereby the qualities of love expression in its songs in Hormozgan which are being studied and will be identified as pure love of Hormozgan poets. In this way, the linguistic structure of the song is from everyday language and it also filled with irony, slogans, and slang expressions.

Auto-segmental phonology is a continuation of research in generative phonology framework firstly proposed by Goldsmith in 1976. In auto-segmental phonology, phonological representation comes out of the linear mode and it is explained in form of network and hierarchy. Accordingly, in auto-segmental phonology, the focus is on the changes which phonological rules can do on the organization of phonological realizations. In auto-segmental phonology, realizations are not as the simple phonological elements which include all phonological rules at the same level, anymore. In auto-segmental phonology, phonological rules not only affect phonological elements, but also influence the manner of the relation of elements in different layers. This research aims to investigate the phonological process of vowels harmony in Gilaki dialect in Rasht on the basis of auto-segmental phonology. The research method is both descriptive and analytical. The data have been collected by field study method. The results revealed that auto-segmental phonology, itself, was able to explain and represent the phonological process of vowel harmony in Gilaki dialect of Rasht.

Iranian oral culture has been formed of ethnic cultures and social groups. This rich culture expresses the words from birth to death of human. The culture and literature of people in Jiroft are considered in this article in which its own characteristics are focused. The present study of proverbs which is a part of the oral literature studied in a library process. The study is divided into two types of oral literature including: the first kind of words such as the combination, shifting, deletion, and addition; and it is understandable to some extent for the Persian speakers and it is known as imported proverbs which is influenced by poems of Persian poets especially Hafiz and Saadi; due to the type, Several of them have been studied briefly. But the second kind of proverbs regarding the local severe accent refers to the life accessories, agricultural equipment and the terms are specific to this region. Thus, it is incomprehensible for other dialects. Because of the uniqueness of this type, our research focused on the second type. The themes of the second type of proverbs include the handling of the beloved, threats, advice, humor and tease in representation of their culture, tradition, and Customs. We transcribe, translate, and divide the use of these proverbs.