پژوهشنامه زبان و ادبیات روسی
سال پنجم شماره 2 (پیاپی 10، 2017)

The article systematizes the modern achievements of pushkinistics and of studies in prosody and literary genres as they deal with Pushkin’s sonnets. It makes an attempt to recreate the real picture of the sonnet experience of A.S. Pushkin as a complete and permanently developing artistic and aesthaetic phenomenon, presenting an ever-lasting treasure of the Russia style. Making reference to the difficulties and vicissitudes of the process of determination, and the extent and value of Pushkin’s sonnet creation, the work shows the complex way to the scientific truth in the historical-literary process.

The article considers the representation of war in Leo Tolstoy's artistic and journalistic work. The concept of "War" is a key notion in the writer's works. The paper describes the lexicon embodying the topic. To express the essence of the concept, Leo Tolstoy uses such words as sumasshestviye (madness), zlo (evil), and nasiliye (violence). The article analyzes the evolution of attitudes towards war. It studies linguistic ways of argumentation by Leo Tolstoy. Peculiarities of Leo Tolstoy's thesaurus are regarded in the aspect of war conceptualization. Tolstoy's creativity is characterized by condemnation of war. However, if early on, Tolstoy makes exceptions for people's liberating war, later Tolstoy believes any war to be a manifestation of evil and violence. The author's evaluation of the reality of militar patriotism has changed. The article presents a model of the writer's fragment concept sphere, where the war is the result of power and state institutions.

The author of the article aims to explain world literature through such concepts as the concept of Hamletism and the character of Hamlet in relation to selected works of Russian Romanticism, in particular, the beginning of realism and symbolism as an outstanding current of the Silver Age. Subject of a careful comparative analysis is the works of Mikhail Lermontov ("Demon" and "Masquerade"), then the selected poetic texts of Alexander Blok. In the article, the author tries to show the functioning of Hamlet and the concept of Hamletism referring both to the selected creators, their author's code, and to the general trends in the assimilation of Shakespeare's literature on Russian soil, especially in the era of Romanticism, the formation of Realism and Symbolism. The article shows artistic transformations in their presentation, referring primarily to the reception of amplification in Lermontov and the use of role-playing lyrics and mask lyrics in Blok's poetry. In both cases, Hamlet as a literary character, and the very notion of Hamletism are supplemented with a new content, often of an autobiographical nature, which is especially characteristic of Blok.

The article looks into the global literary perspective presented in I. S. Shmelev’s novel “The Lord’s Summer” through the author’s special organization of the time scene, the characters’ language or speech system and genre specific features as well. In particular, it is noted that, through spatial reference points the author's system of values is expressed, in which The two worlds, materialistic and spiritually-religious, are simultaneously meaningful. To emphasize the commonality of the two worlds, ascending gradation is used. The space plenum degree is also significant in the work. The renewal motive is realized through the recurrent use of phrases: a new yard”, “a new summer I see” and etc. protagonist’s inner poignancy is represented by the use of verbs of the present time, nominating all sensory organs of the renewed reality. The novel genre cannot be determined precisely. The contamination of genre features is manifested in the compositional structure, the fantastic manner of the narration, and the stylistic diversity of the vocabulary represented in the novel.

The present paper deals with the national specifics of the assessment aspect in the meaning of the words. A modern scientific paradigm considers the language as a cognitive tool of understanding the world and keeping and representing people’s experience and values which reflect the people’s vision of the world (“the world picture). Usually linguistics understands the language world picture as a way of understanding reality fixed in the language and typical of a given language group. One of the most important language world picture components is the category of assessment of a system of social and personal values objectified in language units. Problems of assessment exist at different language levels (morphological, lexical, syntactical).However, the national assessment specifics are still not studied enough. Since man’s world view is based on the assessment components of sense in the world picture, ignoring them makes it hard or impossible for representatives of different cultures to understand each other, which makes the research of sense assessment components and their variations in different societies an urgent problem. The article considers the results of a linguistic experiment aimed at finding shades of meaning and personal implications correlated with the word hatred in moral and ethical conceptions of Russian society. The analysis of the experiment results allowed us to partially reconstruct the world picture of the Russian culture representatives and reveal the phenomenon assessment aspect.

The Article is devoted to one of the methods of the conversion of fixed expressions (proverbs, sayings, aphorisms and such cliché’ sentences) in the modern Russian language – to reduce their component composition (implizieren, implications). Question quantitative changes in the steady phrases are considered in the aspect of the General problem of phraseological variability. The article offers the author's position in resolving disputes regarding the definition of "variant", "variant" paradigm, "other services derivative", the connection of impliciture phrases with the process of variation and derivational tendencies operating in language and speech. Special attention is paid to the description of the formation of variants and derivatives of the phrases sustainable by reducing their external forms, are the types of quantitative variants phrasal units and describe the new unit that produces base and a sustainable phrase.

The basic premise of the proposed study is that each person is aware of himself as part of a certain ethnos, and also identifies other people on the basis of ethnicity. An important role in this process is played by the category of ethnicity, under which the author of the article understands such a language as universal by means of which a person determines the belonging of himself and others to one or another ethnic group. In the article on the ethnonym of Perm Krai, the functioning of ethnonyms in different types of discourse is considered. The ethnonimicon of the business, scientific, dialectal, and artistic text is analyzed, ethnoanthroponyms and ethnotoponyms are considered which mirror the ethnohistorical processes that took place on the territory of the region. In conclusion, the conclusion is that the consideration of the functioning of ethnonyms in different types of discourse reflects the ethnic fragment of the regional picture of the world, allows one to draw conclusions about interethnic contacts of ethnoses of the investigated area, represents ethnic stereotypes and associations associated with representatives of different cultures.