پژوهشنامه زبان و ادبیات روسی
سال ششم شماره 1 (پیاپی 11، 2018)

The article deals with the accumulation of the Motherland in Russian and Bulgarian linguocultures. The essence of the term we have proposed is explained. Attention is drawn to the similarities and differences in the use of the units under consideration, which serve to solve the national phenomenon, expand the concept of the linguistic picture of the world, and understand the specific features of different cultures. In the paper, the values ​​of the accumulation in explanatory, synonymous, etymological dictionaries, prosaic and poetic texts, folklore (proverbs and sayings) are stated, as well as statements and thoughts of personalities with national authority. Attention is also drawn to the extralinguistic factors that led to the emergence and use of this phenomenon. Descriptive, taxonomic, comparative-historical and comparative methods are used in the work as general methods of linguistic research. As, an auxiliary component analysis was used to identify all the semantic parts of the linguistic unit that represents the accumulation. The results of the study showed a common and different in the accumulation in question in two linguocultures - Russian and Bulgarian.

In this article, authors talk about the relevance of the training of foreign students in verbal-nominal combinations in different spheres of functioning. It is important for language adaptation. Language adaptation depends on how students know the system of language and the feature of language expression of sense. Verbal-nominal combinations are used in different spheres therefore they can be studied at the phonetic, lexical, phraseological, grammatical levels. Authors pay attention to the development of foreign students of abilities to differentiate the free, steady, phraseological verbal-nominal combination. Authors offer standard tasks that have already been practiced in occupations in foreign audiences. It is especially important to use language exercises for studying verbal-nominal combinations at the first stage of studying the language. At the second stage it is necessary to use communicative exercises more. Such an approach helps to form foreign students with the ability to analyze language material.

The article deals with transformations of biblical images in the poetry of symbolism, wishing to break into the sphere of theology. Mythological poetry of M. Voloshin is in the center of the article. The image of the great religions of the world, the Last Judgment is analyzed. The main attention is focused on the stages and methods of analyzing the image of tradition in the poetry of the Silver Age. Their aim is to avoid mistakes in interpretation and evaluation, to identify the new that the poet gives in his conception as a result of transformation of the image. The process is shown to start with traditional wide commentary of the image, then all the material is divided into the essential and close to the poet’s ideas and not important for him; then we see the new idea of the poet and the old components given in previous transformations of the image, by the way the wrong interpretations of the image are eliminated when we take into account the whole conception of the poet. As the important result we observe the new creation as the new knowledge given by the poet.

The paper is focused on classes of lexical units which arise as a result of derivational processes – word formation and semantic transfers, acting either in isolation or together, on the basis of common semantic foundations that bind targets and sources of derivation. The lexical items which constitute the classes under study vary in their denotative characteristics and due to their categorical semantic components belong to different taxonomic classes and subclasses. Nevertheless, in metaphoric transfers or word formation processes they get semantically drawn to one another since similarity in appearance, form and other perceptual features, locative, temporal, etc. properties and form specific non-taxonomic subsystems which differ from known semantic taxonomies. Some types of non-taxonomic classes of the Russian lexicon are described.

The article deals with emotions represented through images of the characters of M.Y. Lermontov’s novel A Hero of Our Time. The author consecutively analyzes elements of the text, in which emotions of male and female characters are nominated, directly expressed and described. The number of lexical units and text elements involved in the representation of a particular emotion is recorded in tables. The author found and described in detail representation of the following emotions: joy, sadness, surprise, anger, curiosity, contempt, disgust, shame, guilt, fear. The author comes to the conclusion that an androcentric emotional picture of the world is created in the novel A Hero of Our Time. The male characters represent a wider range of emotions, in greater quantity; use more expressive means in this picture of the world than the female characters. The author explains this by the fact that the writer, who created the novel, as well as the narrator characters in the text, is a man. In addition, representation of emotions is affected by a form of the narration (Pechorin’s diary) and a cultural context.

The report is devoted to the analysis of directions in the study of D.Fonvizin's literary works, which developed in Russian and foreign literary criticism in more than two centuries of recognizing the comedian as a key figure in Russian literature of the 18th century. The problem of the integrity of the Fonvizin’s heritage in the school and university interpretation is posed; conclusions were drawn on the significance of such an approach for establishing the systemic links between the Fonvizin’s comedies and other surviving works of the writer, as well as the historical and literary context of Catherine's time. In the center of the report is the problem of the value orientations of D.Fonvizin's creativity. For the first time she was raised in the “Message to my servants ...” (early 1760s) and subsequently developed in both drama and prose, and the journalism of the writer. Fonvizin's artistic philosophy develops from the comprehension of the spiritual crisis of contemporaries to the discovery of values that can be based on the building of one's personality: national self-awareness, education and upbringing, home and family, which ultimately means the possibility of internal independence, which the Russian nobility has become the main cultural the task of Catherine's time.

Identifying the features of the individual author's style is one of the most difficult procedures for the linguistic evaluation of the author's text. In article presents the analysis of the language of lyric poetry by Konstantin Balmont from the position of receptive aesthetics, principles of structuralism, and hermeneutic theory. This research concerns the peculiarities of rhythmic and melodies of poetic texts by K.D. Balmont, which fixate the author's individual manner of artistic thinking. Analysis of the poems showed that K.D. Balmont nomination of poetic language uses as an effective form of realization of semantic potential. Consequently, the contact between the author and the reader are carried out both within the universal language system and is corrected by the contextual reception of the text. Also in the work it was determined that the poetic dominants of the individual author's style K.D. Balmont, his diversity and richness to a greater extent receives an effective fixation at the level of phonetics, melodies, rhythmic and sound organization.

Author's self-concept within our meaning is the self-presentation of rhymes in the content-related structure and reveals itself in the context of intentional interpretation of the poetic text, i.e. decoding the subject-matter and ideology rooted in it, complex of imageries and symbolic components. Hitting a target in seeking the key to the author’s self-concept is undertaken through the case study work with The Spring Quran, a piece of poetry by the poet of the Silver Age of Russian literature (1890 – 1922), “the son of Asia” Velimir Khlebnikov and is confined in interpreting implications used by the author in connection with the certain sources and motives, i.e. symbolic performance as of mythological and religious (both Christian-like and Muslim). Khlebnikov’s “I” – self-concept – in the poem The Spring Quran implicates the author’s creed, aiming for the veracity through the tree of knowledge and admitting the religious values, faith in divine justice. Therefore the author’s self-concept is the artistic oneness of truth-centered postulates and author’s intentions to give utterance to them, identity of imageries and oneself. Interpreting the imageries and symbols of theologian, poplar, horn, sky, green, blue, etc. interlaced in the poem proves our case.

For the foreign student it is very important to own skills of the academic letter. It is an important indicator of professional and research competence of the student. The mobility of foreign graduates of the Russian higher education institutions depends on their level of proficiency in the academic Russian letter as communications between the educational and scientific organizations extend at the international level. Research objective — scientific justification of research tasks for training of foreign students in the academic Russian letter. Research tasks are a modern tutorial of foreign students. The author in article offers-level structure of research tasks of training of foreign students in the academic Russian letter. The author offers three levels of complexity of research tasks. Selection criteria of maintenance of research tasks for training of foreign students in the Russian academic letter — the ideas contextual, activity and personal focused approaches. The author gives a research task, directed to formation of skills of the academic letter in Russian. The author draws a conclusion, that in educational process it is necessary to organize continuity of system research tasks. It helps to create at the foreign student complex ideas of style and features of the academic Russian letter, Skills of the academic letter is a basis for good scientific and professional written and oral communication in Russian.

In this article, considering impersonal sentences with the subject in the accusative case, which conveys the physical state of a living being, an attempt is made to compare them with the Persian correlates. This type of impersonal sentences can cause different problems for the Persian-speaking students due to their grammatical specificity (e.g. the uses of the subject in the accusative, rather than in the more common dative case, the dissimilarity of their syntactic structure with the native, Persian, language, etc.). The article shows that for many of the analyzed Russian sentences there can be found Persian correlates in which the real semantic subject of the sentence does not coincide with the grammatical subject. The use of such structures during the learning process can contribute to the more effective teaching of this model of Russian sentences to the Iranian students.

The features of the composition of small prose by L. Ulitskaya (on the example of the stories "Bronka", "Happy", "Poor Relatives") are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the features of picturing time in stories, to the past which is sometimes more important for understanding the motives and characters of L. Ulitskaya’s heroes than the present and even the future. Heroes of L. Ulitskaya live in the past; her prose is permeated with nostalgic intonation. In many respects this is due to the author's attention to the values ​​of the departed world, the world of the old Moscow intelligentsia and the new Soviet intelligentsia, due to their comparison and opposition. Family intimacy in his prose, seen in the context of the separate lives of the family members, reveals the characteristic feature of his work as a kronelope. Getting a retrospective image that lets the boundaries of time to extend is the routine of Ulitskaya's stories. The flow of time in Ulitskaya's narrative is intermittent and heterogeneous, and is based on the key events of the subject and less important events from the author's point of view. The intimate atmosphere of the inner world of the heroes and the nostalgic attitudes resulting from their experiences create a unique feature in Ulitskaya's short prose.

This study delved into the application of proper nouns as terms of address in Russian and Persian. In other words, it examined the rules governing the application of terms of address expressed as the names of individuals in different speech situations in both languages. The comparative study of the cultural features of languages spoken by Russians and Iranians called for the investigation of this subject. This is the first study to examine the application of proper nouns as terms of address in Russian and Persian focusing on their cultural-linguistic features. The findings suggest that the choice of terms of address depends on factors such as the degree of familiarity with the person being addressed, formality and informality of the speech situation, age, social status, gender, and even cultural, personality, and religious characteristics of those involved in the speech communication. The results of this study can benefit not only Iranian students who learn Russian, but also Russian speakers who learn Persian as a foreign language. This study employed descriptive and comparative linguistics research methods.