مجله جامعه شناسی نهادهای اجتماعی
پیاپی 6 (بهار 1394)

Human resources could be considered as one of the main investment organizations. The effectiveness of this capital is based on providing an appropriate working environment and communication and cooperation with other members of the organization and participation in the affairs of the organization. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of social capital in anticipation Extra-Role behavior and organizational commitment considering mediating role of social responsibility. The current research method is descriptive and uses survey based on structural equations model. The statistical population includes the employees of Urmia University. 275 cases are selected by Multi-stage cluster for study. Data were gathered through four standard questionnaires: social capital, social responsibility, Extra-Role Behavior and organizational commitment. The data after collecting was analyzed using the SPSS and Amos. Results of structural equation modeling showed that: Direct effect of the social capital on the social responsibility (0/26) is positive and significant. Direct effect of the social responsibility on the Extra-Role behaviors (0/24) and organizational commitment (0/62) is positive and significant. But direct effect of social capital on Extra-Role behavior and organizational commitment is not significant. Indirect effect of the social capitl on Extra-Role behavior (0/06) and organizational commitment (0/16) with intermediary of social responsibility is positive and significant. Regarding to these results 0/06 percent of the variance in extra-role behaviors, 0/07 percent of the variance of social responsibility and 0/39 percent of the variance in organizational commitment can be explained. So the factors should be considered in any organization in terms of organizational commitment and extra-role behaviors of staff are social responsibility and social capital.

The general belief is that more children is equal to more poverty. The question is in reality does family poverty increase along with its size? We have discussed this question in two ways: I) in the same time, are larger families poorer? II) In a family by children addition over time will the family be poorer? This article tries to answer these questions using meta-analysis of empirical researches in different countries. In answer to the first question, some researches show the increase in household size result in more poverty. But other researches offering concepts such as equivalence scale and size elasticity in calculating the poverty level show the relationship depends on the countries conditions. In some conditions larger families are in more welfare. To answer the second question, studies show that by more children over time a family adapted itself, and not only be poorer, but its income and assets are added. Totally the relationship between family size and poverty is not always positive or negative, but depends on economic, social and cultural conditions. Hence, policies are suggested for changing the relationship direction in larger families to be in more welfare.

The main purpose of this research is to study the social networks of residents of Mazandaran Province, and find an answer to this fundamental question that how using external and internal media affect social networks among them? To answer these questions, the theories related to the topic were investigated and after measuring and operating, the survey data was collected from a sample of 442 cases by using the questionnaire. The findings indicate that the effectiveness of internal mass media (0.372) on the network of relationships is more than the effectiveness of the external mass media (0.161). It should be noted that both of them have positive impact on dependent variable. This means that with enhancing use of external and internal media, the range of social networks will enhance, in contrast, with reducing the use of these media, the range of social networks will reduce.

Employment is one of the most important macro socio-economic variables. One of the main goals of each country is to increase it, because it is closely related to socio-economic deformities and other economic variables. Therefore, the purpose of present research is to examine the impact of socio-economic determinants of employment in developing Islamic countries (D8) during the period of 1996-2014 by using econometrics panel data method. The study results represent significant and positive impact of institutional factors (governance, economic freedom and civil liberties) and human agency in creating new employment opportunities, and the impact of inflation on employment is negative and significant. Finally we can say that in the countries which were studied in present research the impact of GDP on employment is Positive and meaningless.

Environmental behavior confronts with serious problems in our society. The littering is one of serious social problems in citizen's behavior in Iranian society. Also Littering is evidence of citizen's social disorder in environmental citizenship that in public and urban areas have been exacerbated the problems of waste. This means that littering behaviors are more complex than might be expected. The main purpose of this study is Explain the littering problem, emphasizing on the environmental Facilitating conditions. The method of the research is survey and data is collected from 385 tourists of Mazandaran province by questionnaires with multi-stage cluster sampling. After gathering information, Research hypotheses were analyzed by using SPSS and Amos. The data present that % 50/4 respondents are female and %49/6 are male and the average age is 30 years. This study has shown that tourists littering scale is average level to upward. Pearson Correlation Analysis indicates significant relationship between facilitating conditions, the habits, anonymity, absence of services, lack of information, weak normative control and sense of irresponsibility with littering. These variables could explain 35 percent of dependent variable (littering) variance.

Work is a very important livelihood source and obtaining social status, which can lead to dissatisfaction, physical and mental burnout forces. Burnout is one of the most important issues that have drawn the attention of psychologists into their administrative systems, in recent years. Therefore, in the present study; we examined the factors of job burnout. In this study a total of 248 questionnaires were distributed to Employees of the University of Mazandaran and Education office of Babolsar City. The independent variables in this research are job autonomy, distributive justice, procedural justice, organization type and social support of colleagues. The results showed that among the university staffs only three variables consist of procedural justice, organization type and social support, have significant effect on job burnout, and among Education office staffs, only the variable of procedural justice has an impact on job burnout. Also the results of T Test of independent group showed no difference between the two groups of men and women from job burnout point of view. The results of ANOVA showed there was no significant difference between the staffs of universities and education offices, and groups with different levels of education and years of service have no significant differences in burnout variables.