نشریه پژوهش در ورزش تربیتی
پیاپی 14 (بهار و تابستان 1397)

An efficient structure is the most important factor for reaching goals in all systems including sport. The purpose of this research was to analysis of the educational sport structure in Iran. It was an applied research and performed based on documentary research method. Necessary data to analyze sport educational organs duties were collected by studying high level documents and legal principles related to Iranian sport structure. Data for the analysis of organizations respaonsible in the educational sport and educational institutions active in other areas of sport was collected by studying the objectives, tasks and structures various organizations that are active in sports. The findings show that ministry of sport and youth, National Olympic Committee, Ministry of Education, Student Sport Federation, Ministry of Science, University Sport Federation, Ministry of Health, Azad University, Armed Forces General Staff and Sport Clubs are respaonsible in educational sport. Ministry of Education, Student Sport Federation, Ministry of Science, Ministry of Health and Azad University are responsible in Sport for all. Ministry of Education, Student Sport Federation, Ministry of Science, University Sport Federation, Ministry of Health and Azad University are respaonsible in championship sport. The Azad University is respaonsible in professional sport. Therefore, avoiding bureaucracy, removing parallel tasks, symmetrical distribution of authorities, clear definition of communications among units, explaining explicit duties for all organs, splitting the national work and coordination among structures are the most important principles which should be regarded in order to achieve organizational integrity and coherence in Iranian educational sport system.

Evaluation is a regular and consistent process to determine students' progress on the path to achievement education goals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the establishment of a coordinated and focused physical education lesson evaluation in schools. The method of research was qualitative, which is done with the Grounded theory approach. Several data collection methods such as interviews and document review was conducted. The study population were consisted of experts, managers and specialists in evaluation field in school’s physical education. According to the method of Grounded-theory, theoretical sampling was done. Simultaneously by data collecting, data analyzing with three-stage of open, axial and selective coding by version 5.2 software Atlas.Ti were done. The results showed, coordinated and focused evaluation of physical education lessons has a positive impact on the implementation of physical education in schools and will also extensively reflected in society. But achieving all the positive consequences of this plan depends on providing its hardware and software infrastructure.

The purpose of this research was designing strategic planning of student sports federation of Islamic Republic of Iran. The research methodology was has been done based on SWOT approach according to strategic studies principles and approach to the quality and quantity of statistical research community. The research population was consisted of 65 persons including managers, professionals in the area of student sports federation were selected as statistical population and sampleand they were survey .The research is conducted based on field work, and using questionnaire and interview as the data collection tools. The needed information is collected by using 2 close and open questionnaires and also interview with members of research population in numbers of theoretical saturation in purpose of achieving research objectives anddetermining mission statement, vision, strengths, weaknesses, opportunitiesandthreats. The collected information was summarized in 5 strengthens, 7 weaknesses, 7 opportunities and 6 threats by method delfi, after debating in strategic councilmeeting. By utilizing of the table of internal factors evaluation and table ofexternal factors evaluation and necessary calculation, the strategic situation of the federation was recognize in Conservative condition. Then by using SWOT analysis, 6 SO strategies, 2 WO strategies, 3 ST strategies and one WT strategy (totally 12 strategies) have been obtained. The identified strategies were prioritizedby utilizing Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM).

Obviously, many fundamental educational objectives lie in sports and games. The physical, intellectual, social, emotional and moral objectives can be achieved through games and sports, directly and indirectly. Therefore, physical education and school sport (PESS) play an important role in social development. However, PESS development requires the identification of its components and functions. Hence, the present study aimed to analyzed the theoretical foundations of PESS and extracted factors affected by and affecting it. This qualitative study employed in-depth semi-structured interviews to collect data. Snowball theoretical sampling was used to select interviewees (12). The results indicated that political, management, planning and policy making, procedural, structural, hardware and higher education problems and conceptual misunderstandings affect PESS. Furthermore, PESS development can lead to the development of sports and community health, and will enhance social capital and economic development. Therefore, considering the educational importance of physical education at schools and the broad effects of educational sports on society, it is suggested that a development master plan be prepared and implemented for PESS, taking into account the factors and variables affecting it, along with setting executive programs at the highest management level.

The purpose of this study was Meta-analysis of studies of factors and strategies to attract people to development of sport for all in Iran the last 10 years. Therefore 37 articles published in reputable journals internal was used, as a statistical population. In this case, among the population, 17 research papers, because of shared components, the correct sampling, and statistical methods and associated quality were evaluated for meta-analysis. From their 48 common components in the 17 studies were extracted and then in terms of effect size and power statistical test components of research, 14 components entered meta-analysis software. In this study, G. Power and meta-analysis software to determine rate of effect size tests and power statistical tests of the extracted components and also Test ANOVA was used to investigated mean difference components and their prioritize. The results of effect size analysis showed that all components extracted from the research have high effect size and power test. As well as F test results showed that there is significant difference between extracted components from the papers. Factors identified, including the media and development sport for all, facilities and equipment, training and awareness, officials and planners, financial and human resources for sport for all, physical health motivation for sport, achievement motivation and treatment for Sport for all. According to the results of research, Program should be to strengthen the infrastructure of sport, Planning and design of strategy and Codification design such as the health system Evolution and status of sport and the next step take steps in seeking funding and specialist human resources.

The aim of present study was to determine communicative model of emotional intelligence, physical-social anxiety and life satisfaction among physical education students in Technical and Vocational University of Al-Zahra of Mashhad. According to the research objectives, the sampling way was total- computation and all the research population were selected as sample-270 students of Technical and Vocational University of Al-Zahra of Mashhad. The data gathered through emotional intelligence scale (Schutte et al. 1998), physical-social anxiety inventory (Hart et al. 1989) and satisfaction with life scale (Deiner et al. 1985). Then, structural equation model used to consider cause and effect relationship between variables. The results showed that emotional intelligence imposed positive and significant effect on life satisfaction. Also, emotional intelligence imposed negative effects on psychical-social anxiety and psychical-social anxiety made negative effect on life satisfaction. Finally, it is claimed that emotional intelligence had positive and significant effect on life satisfaction through physical-social anxiety. In general, it seems that university life involves numerous complex anxieties and the ability to deal with these anxieties through acquiring emotional capabilities lead to physical, emotional, and mental health of students promotion.

One way of operating resistive economy is institutionalizing it from basis ages. Thus, considering School sport and identifying the components of resistive economy in this area is important. Due to the qualitative and exploratory nature of the subject, qualitative research, Glaser (1992) approach of grounded theory methods was used. Initially, preliminary list of effective indices was identified from prior studies. Then semi-structured interviews (n= 26) conducted in elites who were aware of the subject. The results showed that 54 indexes can be effective in operating resistive economy in the in-School sports. Then in axial coding process 17 concepts were classified. Finally, 7 categories through selective coding was identified including reforming consumption patterns, class planning, innovation and development, protection of domestic production, protect the environment and natural resources, considering the school economy and teaching method. Physical education policy makers can use identified signs, concepts and categories in future planning to operate resistive economy in sport timetable.

The porpose of this study was Development and Prioritize of sport strategies in Mohaghegh Ardabili University. This study was descriptive survey. Statiscal population consisted of staff managers and employees of the physical education Office in Mohaghegh Ardabili University. The sample was considered as full-number equal to the statistical population. In order to perform data collection, we investigated the overhead documents, studied the history literature and the comments of practical and executive elites and used the questionnaire of the effective internal/external environmental factors on the performance of the physical education Office in Mohaghegh Ardabili University. We was used To assess the internal and external factors from EFE and IFE Matrices, for environmental analysis from SWOT matrix, and for developing strategies from TOWS matrix. The results showed that the strategic position of sport of university is on an Conservative basis. The results of matrix QSPM for strategies prioritize showed The development of programs of sport for all, development of educational sport, and development of professional and championships sports of university are Top priority of sport strategies in Mohaghegh Ardabili University. According to the research results and findings, it may be declared that by WO strategies, the physical education office would achieve its high-level goals.

The purpose of this study was to explain the correlational model of spiritual health with professional ethics in sport coaches. To this aim, 185 coaches (117 males and 68 females, age mean 41.57 years, coaching experience mean 15.27 years) from various sports were selected using simple random sampling method and completed the Spiritual Health Questionnaire (Allah-Bakhshian et al., 2010) and Professional Ethics Questionnaire of Sporting Coaches (Eydi et al., 2016). The Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, multivariate regression model, and structural equation modeling at the 95% confidence level. The results showed that dimensions and overall level of spiritual health have significant and positive bivariate relationships with dimensions and overall level of professional ethics. According to the results of regression analysis, coaching philosophy (17.6%), rule orientation (16.8%), applying collective wisdom (14.8%), respect to values and norms (14.1%), humanistic relationship (13.3%), and interest to profession (11.6%) were explained by the dimensions of spiritual health, respectively. The dimensions of spiritual health explained totally 26.1% of the overall level of professional ethics variance in sport coaches. Finally, the results of structural equation modeling showed significant and positive multiple correlation among the dimensions of spiritual health and professional ethics. The findings of the study suggest that the level of professional ethics in sport coaches could be improved through increasing the spiritual health.

The Purpose of this study was to investigate effect of attentional focus types on health-related physical fitness factors performance in students and interaction between type of attentional focus and physical fitness level. 12 students with a high fitness level and 12 students with low physical fitness with age range of 15- 17 years were selected as sample by using purposive sampling. Subjects were performed musculoskeletal components of health-related physical fitness (sit-ups, sit-and-reach and modified pull-ups) within three day and with distance of one week between the days. In the first day attentional focus instruction was not provided. In the second and third days the subjects randomly and counterbalanced adopted internal or external focus. Data analysis with repeated measures analysis of variance and LSD post hoc was conducted.In high physical fitness group,External focus compared with internal or control cause significantly advantage in tests of sit-ups, sit-and-reach and modified pull-ups. As well as in low physical fitness, External focus compared with internal or control resulted in significantly better performance in tests of sit-and-reach and modified pull-ups (P<0.05). Internal focus compared to control resulted in significantly better performance in modified pull-ups test high physical fitness group (P<0.05). The results showed that external focus instructions is resulted in the lead performance during the assessment musculoskeletal components physical fitness related to health, regardless of the skill level. During the evaluation should also providing internal focus instruction, particularly in people with high physical fitness levels to be avoided.

The purpose of this study was identifying and modeling of the development guidelines of sports for all among the female students in University of Birjand. The statistical population of this research consisted of 8246 participants among the female students in university of Birjand; the sample size with Cochran formula was 370 people. This research is a survey-based study and it follows a practical application. The data was quantitatively collected using a research-made questionnaire. After confirming the content validity of the questionnaire by the opinions of eight experts in the field of sport management, the reliability of the questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In this study, the University of Birjand solutions to the female students participation in sport for all identification; and then measuring Structural equation modeling and Friedman test. Data analyses with PLS & SPSS22 software. The results showed that the main factors in girl Students participation in sport for all were economic solutions, management, cultural Infrastructure and facilities, research and education. Therefore, it is necessary to institutionalize the culture of sport, recreation and sports programs and sponsorship of sport for all students trying in develop sport among the female students in university of Birjand.

Sport as an acceptable phenomenon in today's societies can be used to make social positive changes. This applied research was aimed at explaining the role of sport on social integrity of Iraqi residents living in Qom. The statistical population of all Iraqi citizens living in Qom province was unknown, of which 210 were simple random assigned to two researcher made questionnaires of sports participation and social integrity. The face and content validity of this questionnaire was confirmed by the experts. The reliability of the questionnaires was also calculated with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.79 and 0.82 for sports participation and social integrity. The research hypotheses were analyzed using structural equations model, and fitting model indexes were confirmed. The result showed that participation in recreational sports has a significant positive effect in internal social integrity of Iraqis living in Qom province (0.310). Participation in recreational sports has a significant positive effect in external social integrity of Iraqis living in Qom province (0.334). Participation in competitive sports has a significant positive effect in internal social integrity of Iraqis living in Qom province (0.540). Participation in competitive sports has a significant positive effect in external social integrity of Iraqis living in Qom province (0.419). Also, the R- squared indicated that participation in sport could predict 55.2% of the variance of internal integrity and 42.5% of the external integrity totally. In general, participation in sports could be a stronger predictor for internal integrity.

The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the curriculum of preschools in the United States, Australia, England, Canada, China and Iran in terms of physical education. In this study, in order to provide suggestions for improving the curriculum of this course and the formulation of a curriculum for physical education of preschool school in Iran, the similarities and differences between the curriculum elements of the preschools of the mentioned countries in terms of the physical education course was compared. This study was a comparative survey. Required information was gathered through library documents (Iran's Basic Education Transformation Document, 2011; National Curriculum of Iran, Mapping 2010; Presidium Constitutions and Guidebook for Preschool Programs and Activities, 2013), Semi-Interview Organized with key educators, experts and keypads, as well as a search on the World Wide Web and the websites of the Ministry of Education of the countries studied. The results showed that all countries studied developed a comprehensive curriculum for pre-school physical education. They explained the elements of curriculum in their physical education curriculum. By contrast, Iran lacked a comprehensive physical education curriculum for preschoolers. Therefore, in order to qualify the curriculum of this period, it was suggested that a comprehensive curriculum be developed for the physical education course of preschool education in Iran. It is also suggested that the program should focus on the principles, objectives, outcomes, content, teaching and assessment methods, time, space and equipment appropriate for the physical education course, and training and recruiting trained work mentors.

Good governance provides mechanisms to monitor performance and achieve goals in organizations. So the purpose of this study was to investigate the state of governance and the effect of social capital on good governance indicators in sports federations. The statistical population consisted all of the senior sports boards in west states. Simple random sampling method and sample size were 224 people. Participants completed good governance (researcher made) and social capital questionnaires. Validity and reliability of the for data analysis, one-sample t-test and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were used. Measurement model were confirmed. The results of single-sample t-test showed that the level of good governance (2.58 ± 0.81) and social capital (2.64 ± 0.67) in the studied society were lower than average. The Structural equation modeling revealed that social capital effected on aspects good governance including transparency (β=0.85), democracy (β=0.79), check and balances (β=0.92), and solidarity (β=0.75), In. addition, social capital also explains 0.47 good governance variances. The results of this study provided factors affecting on sports governance in order to prioritize actions to improve good governance in sports federations.

The aim of this study was to develop the promotion strategies of Olympic education and its proper content, among students of Iran's school. This research is a mix method study, which performed in both qualitative and quantitative approach. In qualitative approach, which is performed by grounded theory, both theoretical and snowball sampling are used. Data are collected by 19 Semi-structured interviews. Also in quantitative approach, which is performed by Delphi study, 14 experts participated in the research in two stages. Data are collected by e-questionnaire. The findings of this part showed 23 items that are approved by the one-sample t-test and the first seven items, are rated by the Friedman test. Overall, finding of this study showed that proper content of Olympic education program can be promoted among students of Iran's schools by included educational, cultural, championship and managerial strategies.