Journal of Nutrition and Food Security
Volume:3 Issue: 2, May 2018

alnutrition affects millions around the world, especially in low and middle-income countries and has widespread negative consequences including morbidity, mortality and loss of productivity and production capacity.

Breastfeeding has long-term benefits, such as reducing obesity, allergies, asthma, wheezing, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and effecting on brain development .This study aimed to investigate the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and mental concentration in first and second grade primary school children.
In this cross-sectional study, 90 students (7-8 years old) were studied in Mashhad, Iran. The history and duration of breastfeeding were asked from children’s mothers, and their mental concentration and short term memory were measured by Toulouse Pieron and Digit learning tests, respectively.
The mean of the breastfeeding period was 5.72 ± 6.89 month and the mean of total scores was 51.2 ± 32.44 for Toulouse Pieron test and 8.57 ± 6.52 for Digit learning test in all participants. The correlation between the Toulouse Pieron and Digit learning test, and breastfeeding history indicated that exclusive breast-fed children showed higher test results and therefore, better mental concentration and short term memory (P Based on the findings, exclusive breastfeeding has a positive effect on mental concentration and short term memory with respect to its duration.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic metabolic disorders. Nowadays there is an uprising trend toward new approaches in type 2 diabetes management. In this study the effect of Ginger supplementation on blood pressure in type 2 diabetic patients was examined.
81 patients with type 2 diabetes who were referred to Yazd Diabetes Research Center participated in this randomized clinical trial. Patients were randomly divided into two groups; Placebo (PG) and ginger supplemented (GG) groups. GG were supplemented with 3 ginger capsules (1 g ginger powder in each capsule) and PG received placebo. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), Pulse pressure (PP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured before the intervention, 2nd week, 4th week, 6th week, and at the end of the study (8th week).
The SBP, DBP, PP and MAP were decreased significantly in the GG (P = 0.001) group at the end of week 8 and significantly decreased at the end of the study compared to the beginning of the study. No significant changes were observed in the PG. However, its mean was statistically different between two groups at the end of intervention.
This study indicated that daily consumption of 3 g of ginger powder in capsules for 8 weeks by patients with type 2 diabetes decreases SBP, DBP, PP and MAP.

Cucumber is one of the vegetables that are widely preserved by fermentation in brine. Vegetables such as cucumber are normally not washed in the commercial centers and this causes microbial growth during fermentation. At the beginning of the fermentation process, lactic acid bacteria, depending on the environmental conditions, begin to grow. The aim of this study was to compare the microbial, chemical, and sensorial characteristics of canned and bulk pickles.
In this study, a random sampling was implemented from the pickles of three locations in Shiraz city as suppliers of pickles. The sensorial evaluation was also conducted by 60 members of the hospital staff. Data was collected through questionnaires. Sensorial evaluation was performed using a hedonic scale of nine points. For microbial assessment, Iran National Standards 2326 was used.
The results of the microbiological tests showed that bulk pickles were infected with mesophilic aerobic bacteria at 26.6%, aerobic thermophilic bacteria at 6.6%, and 43.3% by mold and yeast; while canned pickles (with license the Ministry of Health) were infected 13.3% by mesophilic aerobic bacteria. The average pH of the bulk samples based on the national standard was more than the maximum allowed level. The results of the sensorial evaluation of taste, texture, color, and overall acceptability showed that canned pickles had the most overall acceptance and texture acceptance points and bulk pickles had the most points of flavor and color acceptance.
According to the findings, it seems that the use of herbs in bulk pickles is the main cause of increase in the microbial load and rated the taste, because fragrant fresh vegetables have a greater impact on the microbial load than dried vegetables.

Solving the problem of food and nutrition security requires the integration of various sectors of the society. Determining the role of each sector in promoting people’s health has presented intersectoral collaboration and transformed the theory of social health determinant approach into action. In this study, with a new approach, and in regards, the national organizations responsible for food and nutrition security have been classified and the role of each has been identified as functions and responsibilities.
This qualitative study was conducted by studying the documents and programs related to food and nutrition security, as well as semi-structured interviews and focused group discussion with two groups, including experts and executives. To determine the role of organizations, the food supply chain was used.
According to the food chain, organizations responsible for food and nutrition security in Iran can be divided into three categories: 1. Responsible governance in the economic, political, social, technological, international, and environmental changes affecting food and nutrition security, 2. Responsible governance in the main process of food and nutrition security 3. Supportive sectors and systems for food and nutrition security. Generally speaking, it appears that the government responsible for the main process of food and nutrition security are made up of institutions responsible for providing adequate food, responsible governance for food safety, and responsible governance in the field of nutrition and body consumption.
The findings of this study aimed to explain the expectations and responsibilities of ministries and organizations responsible for food and nutrition security.

Obesity is one of the most important health problems, so it is very important to identify its causes. Shift work is one of the factors that causes people to become obese. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between shift work and obesity in taxi drivers.
In this cross sectional study conducted in 2016, 120 male taxi drivers from Yazd were studied for demographic characteristics and some anthropometric indices. To describe the data, descriptive statistics were used; to compare the prevalence of overweight, general and abdominal obesity, chi-square test was used and to compare quantitative variables, independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used.
The results showed that the mean weight, waist circumference, body mass index and waist to hip ratio (WHR) were significantly higher in shift workers (P The results of this study showed that shift work in taxi drivers is associated with an increased probability of overweight, general and abdominal obesity.

Lipases are the most flexible biocatalysts and they catalyzes Bioconversion reactions wide range. These enzymes have beneficial effects on food substrates such as natural oils, synthetic triglycerides and fatty acids. Lipases are used in a wide range of modern biotechnology industries, such as the synthesis of biopolymers, biodiesel and the pharmaceutical industry in addition use in the food industry about to enrich the omega-3 fatty acid (Docosa hexaenoic acid) in soybean oil, processing of fats, dairy products and the development of food biosensors.
Online databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Google Scholar were searched without any restrictions.
The results of these studies show that due to the extraordinary potential of lipase In the food and medicine industry, codification a strategic plan in the country, To develop mass production technologies for these enzymes and Practical steps, It seems necessary in their use in essential food enrichment.
Characteristics of the use of lipase catalytic reactions have a significant commercial potential in industrial biotechnology. The production of these enzymes in the industry has a significant commercial potential in industrial biotechnology.

Literature has focused that oxidative damage is a common factor in the aging process and the formation and development of major diseases. Such a finding encouraged the use of antioxidants to prevent and treat mentioned problems. Several research endeavors have done on the issue to find out any relevant relationship between antioxidant use and human being health especially in the case of preventing premature aging and many kinds of diseases. This study outlines results of representative research studies conducted worldwide to clarify the necessity of antioxidant use in health promotion of human life.
For the purpose a literature review was done through defining an appropriate search strategy to identify existing evidence and key publications on the issue.
Study findings revealed that existing literature is not enough to prove the antioxidant usefulness for improving human health outcomes and it seems that other factors including life style should also be considered instead of focusing on isolated antioxidants as single leading factors.
It is necessary to obtain comprehensive information from the influencing factors including disease origins, diet and different environmental, individual factors to determine possible effects on health condition or survival.