نشریه گردشگری شهری
سال چهارم شماره 2 (تابستان 1396)

Business tourism as a kind of tourism have been attractive because of its economic impacts. Business tourism have been attractive in urban and regional development in Iran. This phenomenon has been increased in Baneh as a border city of Iran. The growth of business tourism in this region, nonetheless, has been occurred in an unplanned way. This article, therefore, try to answer this question that what are the challenges of business tourism development in Baneh from the perspective of facilities and infrastructures?

Due to the problems of tourism, according to a sustainable approach to tourism is necessary. This study aimed to identify the forces which encourage or inhibit the development of tourism in the city of Kashan and prioritization strategy was appropriate. n this context, the study of literature and literature, five indicators of economic, socio-cultural, environmental, institutional and physical infrastructure were to identify and analyze the factors affecting the sustainable tourism. The research of Kashan the aim is functional and is descriptive in nature. A questionnaire was used for data collection is required. The population of the investigation tourists and experts from the tourism industry and the local community. In this regard, the formation of Kashan encourage or inhibit the PIP model were identified and then prioritized based on ANP method. The next step is the most appropriate strategy for sustainable tourism development in exchange for the forces were developed. Finally, to prioritize strategies, the strategies based on the following criteria established research paired comparison and ranking priorities result showed "jobs and income" and "increase the cost of goods and services" important Troops were among the most persuasive and dissuasive. The "efficient and targeted use of the incentive travel among the people" and "monitor the price of goods on behalf of organizations during the high tourist season" the most appropriate strategy was suggested.
Due to the problems of tourism, according to a sustainable approach to tourism is necessary. This study aimed to identify the forces which encourage or inhibit the development of tourism in the city of Kashan and prioritization strategy was appropriate. n this context, the study of literature and literature, five indicators of economic, socio-cultural, environmental, institutional and physical infrastructure were to identify and analyze the factors affecting the sustainable tourism. The research of Kashan the aim is functional and is descriptive in nature. A questionnaire was used for data collection is required. The population of the investigation tourists and experts from the tourism industry and the local community. In this regard, the formation of Kashan encourage or inhibit the PIP model were identified and then prioritized based on

It is important to pay attention to the motivations of tourists because it grants the planners and policy makers with an insight about the major tourist destinations and their features. In this way, the management of tourism destinations will be able to equip the target market according to tourists’ needs. Knowledge of the motivations and psychological characteristics of tourists and their behavior patterns should be a priority in the programs of those involved in this industry. As a business and service activity, tourism plays an important role in the economic development. Accordingly, the present research aims to identify the motivations of tourists in order to achieve a suitable model for marketing and formulation of strategies to develop the related products desired by tourists in Marivan. The questionnaire contains 20 items on a 5-point Likert scale. 250 questionnaires were distributed among New Year tourists in Marivan in 2015 from which 230 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to ensure the reliability of the research tool. The findings have been evaluated by implementing factor analysis on the results of 230 questionnaires to identify tourists’ motivations, and by performing t-test and one-way ANOVA analysis to test the hypotheses. The results show that among the motivations of tourists, four factors explain 57.05% of the total variance of the tested items; of these, cultural-historical and ecotourism-recreation factors have the highest percentage of variance. Also, the results obtained from testing the hypotheses indicate that the significant difference between sex and tourism motivation lies in the purchase factor. Also, the relationship between sex and motivations of tourists is less than 0.05 only in purchase factor. Accordingly, there is a significant difference between men and women regarding purchase while there is no difference between the sexes in the other motivations. Although the reason for making decisions about a touristic travel may be different, since the New Year trips are usually family trips, family members have an understanding about the motivation and goal of their travel. Also, the results of ANOVA test reveal that there is no significant difference between income levels and tourism motivations.

Destination management is a subject of growing importance as destinations compete to provide the highest quality of experience for visitors; and to manage the impacts of tourism on host communities and environments. To compete effectively, destinations have to deliver wonderful experiences and excellent value to visitors. The business of tourism is complex and fragmented and from the time that visitors arrive in the destination, until they leave, the quality of their experience is affected by many services and experiences, including a range of public and private services, community interactions, environment and hospitality. In a tourist destination there are usually various stakeholders with different goals that dont cooperate with one another and view the development from a completely different perspective. In this regard, the role of tourist destination management and cooperation between tourism organizations becomes important more than ever. Therefore, this study attempts to deal with the challenges of integrated management of tourism in Mashhad and scrutinize this issue from the perspective of organizational cooperation as this city blessed with a rich heritage and old world charm, and holds the promise of a unique travel experience. The target population are the top managers and experts of four major organizations include Astan Quds Razavi, cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad Municipality and the government office of khorasan razavi and sample size were 15 people. This study applies qualitative case study methodology approach. Data are collected using semi-structured interview. The results showed that the main factors affecting the non-collaboration between related-tourism organizations in Mashhad city include: lack of a systematic approach, weak legal structure, poor planning, lack of integrated tourism management, and the weakness of the policy-making system. These factors have created challenges such as the lack of transparency in legal obligations; individual-based decision-making, resource shortages, lake of skilled professionals, informal and cross-sectional cooperation, weakness in division of labors, weakness in distribution and efficient allocation of resources and the lack of the manager's ability. These challenges lead to dissatisfaction of tourists, decrease of destination loyalty , lack of trust between organizations and lack of participation in tourism destination development.

Unequal distribution and inadequate tourism infrastructure in most parts of Iran, including the province, tourism is one of the management challenges that cause environmental damage in other areas of the charismatic and deprived of the benefits of tourism. Ranking of tourism infrastructure in the cities of the province and balanced distribution of infrastructure and inequality adjusted, as part of spatial planning and regional tourism is very important. Based on this study and practical nature of the analytical method to evaluate and rank the cities of the province in utilization of infrastructure, tourism development is conducted. Assessment and Prioritization index is provided to the variable 22 models HAW, VIKOR and Shannon entropy was used and finally to integrate the results of different models of integrated model Kandrst interest. The results of data analysis using HAW model shows that cities of Bandar Abbas, Bandar and Minab in terms of its tourism infrastructure with high-class, next ranking cities of the island, half of the indenture and Mesopotamia uate on the floor. Report the end of the disadvantaged class Bstk cities, caught, Jask, Corp, paste, CIRIC and Abu Musa have to account for that in terms of tourism infrastructure in disrepair, withTo analyze VIKOR first need to make a decision matrix was formed. The weighting components through Shannon entropy, normalized values of each component in the index multiplied by the weight we were normalized weighted decision matrix The results of the analysis of the data shows VIKOR cities of Bandar Abbas, Minab and Bandar Lengeh, with first place to third in class with an advantage regarding the tourism infrastructure is desirable. The results show that the cities of Bandar Abbas, Bandar and Minab of the cities, counties Bashagard, Rudan and the Gheshm's cities and counties deprived semi, caught, Jask, Corp, paste, CIRIC and Abu Musa are among the deprived districts. The findings of this study, non-compliance gap in the distribution and enjoyment of tourism infrastructure in the counties province indicate so on the basis of consolidated results, the most controversial city Kandrst (Bandar Abbas) has deprived the city (Abu Musa) is in number 24.

The aim of this study was the study and prioritization of sports tourism attractions of Isfahan province from the viewpoint of managers and experts of sport and tourism. The research method from terms of purpose was functional and based on data collection was descriptive-survey. Statistical population was all of sports and tourism managers and experts including: Senior managers in departments of sport and youth and cultural heritage and tourism organization and offices in the cities of the province, all the heads of sports boards as director, faculty members, PhD students and master of science in the field of sports and tourism as an expert in university of the city. Due to the lack of accurate statistics of the number of experts in particular fields, 137 people were selected by available sampling (39 tourism experts and director and 98 sports expert and director). The data collection tool was the researcher maid questionnaire consist of demographic characteristics (11 items) and sports attractions with 24 items. that content and face validity was approved by 9 professors aware and familiar with the tourist attractions of the province, the construct validity was confirmed by explanatory factor analysis, and internal validity was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α =0/84). Data analysis was done with SPSS software through descriptive and inferential statistics (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality of the data, one variable t test for comparison between the the status quo with the current situation and Friedman test was used to prioritize factors. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and The results showed that the target attractions consist of the non sport attractions (historical and cultural), natural- sport attractions and sports attractions (sports and heroes fields) in Isfahan province for attract and develop tourism in this province are desirable and play a positive role in attracting tourists. Friedman's test results for prioritizing the tourism attraction (sport/ non sport) showed that sport-natural attraction, sport attractions (historical and cultural attractions) and sports attraction are located in first to third grades for the development of sports tourism and attract tourists respectively. Therefore is necessary that managers planned coherent and extensive plans for tourism development in this province, especially in the field of natural-sports attractions.

Walkthe oldestform ofhuman mobilityin spaceandcitieshave longbeen basedontheimplementation. Since theriseof social interaction betweentourismurbanimplementthecitizensis very important. Nowurban tourismhas becomeone of themost important means ofdevelopment of regionsandcountries andmanytouriststend tohistoricalattractionsandunderstandingof a rangeclosetouch itthatthesidewalksinthis areais very important. Especially in theareas ofcultural-historicaltourismwalkcanprovidecontextandviewerutility. This study aims toexplain the impactofwalkabilityindexon the development ofurban tourisminthecity of Khorramabad. The researchmethodisdescriptive and analytical surveyand a questionnairewas usedto obtaincitizens. The sample, allresidents of the cityof Khorramabadup, using asample of384randomlyselectedexamples. For data analysis software Spss and Lisrel is used. The results show that the relationship between measures of walkability and urban tourism development direct (positive). In addition, structural equation modeling results indicate that the effect of walkability index on the development of urban tourism in the city of Khorramabad is significant Coefficientswere determinedaccording tostandardmeasures ofwalkability0/61ofurban tourismin the city ofKhorramabadexplainthe variance.Walkthe oldestform ofhuman mobilityin spaceandcitieshave longbeen basedontheimplementation. Since theriseof social interaction betweentourismurbanimplementthecitizensis very important. Nowurban tourismhas becomeone of themost important means ofdevelopment of regionsandcountries andmanytouriststend tohistoricalattractionsandunderstandingof a rangeclosetouch itthatthesidewalksinthis areais very important. Especially in theareas ofcultural-historicaltourismwalkcanprovidecontextandviewerutility. This study aims toexplain the impactofwalkabilityindexon the development ofurban tourisminthecity of Khorramabad. The researchmethodisdescriptive and analytical surveyand a questionnairewas usedto obtaincitizens. The sample, allresidents of the cityof Khorramabadup, using asample of384randomlyselectedexamples. For data analysis software Spss and Lisrel is used. The results show that the relationship between measures of walkability and urban tourism development direct (positive). In addition, structural equation modeling results indicate that the effect of walkability index on the development of urban tourism in the city of Khorramabad is significant Coefficientswere determinedaccording tostandardmeasures ofwalkability0/61ofurban tourismin the city ofKhorramabadexplainthe variance.Walkthe oldestform ofhuman mobilityin spaceandcitieshave longbeen basedontheimplementation. Since theriseof social interaction betweentourismurbanimplementthecitizensis very important. Nowurban tourismhas becomeone of themost important means ofdevelopment of regionsandcountries andmanytouriststend tohistoricalattractionsandunderstandingof a rangeclosetouch itthatthesidewalksinthis areais very important. Especially in theareas ofcultural-historicaltourismwalkcanprovidecontextandviewerutility. This study aims toexplain the impactofwalkabilityindexon the development ofurban tourisminthecity of Khorramabad. The researchmethodisdescriptive and analytical surveyand a questionnairewas usedto obtaincitizens. The sample, allresidents of the cityof Khorramabadup, using asample of384randomlyselectedexamples. For data analysis software Spss and Lisrel is used. The results show that the relationship between measures of walkability and urban tourism development direct (positive). In addition, structural equation modeling results