نشریه گردشگری شهری
سال پنجم شماره 2 (تابستان 1397)

Mental image (positive or negative), that residents of a region have from their habitat, have significant impact on their support of tourism on that region and the amount of local resident’s support could have determinative role on tourism development. Therefore, the aim of this study is to survey the amount of local residents support from tourism development and explain affective factors on support level (mental image). In the terms of purpose and data collection method, this study is practical and analytical- descriptive research, respectively. Partial Least Square (PLS) is used in order to analyze research data from structural equations modeling approach. Structural equations modeling, is expanding of general liner model which allow researcher to examine collection of regression equations simultaneously. Also, the main data collection tool is questionnaires. For this purpose, in the second quarter of year (21 June 2016 to 21 September 2016), 384 questionnaires in the method of simple stratified sampling have been distributed among research statistics community that contains three groups: the households with common living, commercial- services sector and public sector officials. The results of study show that there are significant and positive relationship between mental image of Tabriz residents and their tourism development support. The highest level of tourism development support is related to residents of commercial- services sector (0.367 path coefficient), residents of public sector officials (0.227 path coefficient) and finally the households with common living (0.212 path coefficient). Residents little support of tourism development can be due to their concern of undesirable tourism development or non-utilization of benefits that result from tourism in host community. Therefore, although all three groups support tourism development, but this support was low and authorities should arrange proper policies to increase host community support.
Therefore, this study explores the role of residents' place image in shaping their support for tourism development. The tested model proposes that residents' place image affects their perceptions of tourism impacts and in turn their support for tourism development. Moreover, while residents' place image has been largely neglected by tourism development studies, the findings of this study reveal its significance in shaping residents' perception of tourism impacts as well as their level of support.

Expansion and durability of different types of tourism, including war tourism as a new Kind of diverse tourism industry, depends on meeting the needs and motivations of tourists that with creating demand attract them to their destination. In order to achieve this, primarily it is need the feasibility studies for identifying the motives in tourist destinations done, after achieving this, tried to meet them. The importance of such measures, especially in tourism war, is crucial. This Applied research is also a mix of both qualitative and quantitative methods that In order to achieve this objective, descriptive - analytic method used. In the qualitative section by using semi-structured qualitative interviews with tourists to identify their motives and then the interviews with the fundamental theory technique analyzed. In the quantitative section, a random sampling of 400 tourists selected by distributing a questionnaire with the method of Cochran from among about 360 thousand visitors to the tourism destinations of Kurdistan. Consequently, Data collected and tested. The analysis of data from questionnaires by utilizing structural modeling software LISREL showed that the most important motivations of tourists in 41 conceptions and 10 categories including Motivation, learning, publishing and reminding, attractions, curiosity, nostalgia and celebration, nationalist self-actualization ideology and religious belief, relaxation and fun. Finally, two central issues and the main aspect of tensile and compressive motivations, which identified and classified in qualitative section have an effect relationship with the factors and their related structures. The nationalist motives in section of compressive and visiting motivations in tensile section have had the greatest impact on guidance and creating tourism demand to Kurdistan’s war tourist destinations. which identified and classified in qualitative section have an effect relationship with the factors and their related structures. The nationalist motives in section of compressive and visiting motivations in tensile section have had the greatest impact on guidance and creating tourism demand to Kurdistan’s war tourist destinations.which identified and classified in qualitative section have an effect relationship with the factors and their related structures. The nationalist motives in section of compressive and visiting motivations in tensile section have had the greatest impact on guidance and creating tourism demand to Kurdistan’s war tourist destinations.

One of the new and innovative methodologies in order to attract tourists and extend the number of potential tourism areas in the world is “dark Tourism”. Dark tourism covers a large range of concepts with different meanings in the world, but it more often refers to disasters such as earthquakes, wars, prisons and … .This type of tourism is a good candidate to develop tourism industry and also attract tourists from all over the world. To achieve this target, two requirements have to be accomplished: tourism localization and optimal use of existing potential in our country. The aim of this study is, to identify and prioritize difficulties on the direction of dark tourism development in earthquake-torn areas of Iran with an emphasis on Bam and consequently, providing appropriate solutions to improve the existent situation. The research is applied and methodology is analytic-descriptive. It’s remarkable that, to collect the data, the Libraries and Survey method has been used. In data analysis SPSS software is used and also tests such as Pearson correlation coefficient, T test, Simple Linear Regression and Multiple Regressions are considered. Obtained results of T Test indicate that, marketing and infrastructural dimensions both with the average of (4.20) and investment economic factors with average of (4.10) are ranked at the top. The natural conditions of the region (3.55) and cultural aspect of tourist area (3.58) also are of the parameters which have the least effect. The results of multi-variation regression analysis imply that, marketing- advertising, economic and investment and undeveloped infrastructures with beta coefficient of (0.568) are of major elements which play an important role in lack of development of dark tourism in the Study area. Also the results of Pearson correlation test shows marketing- advertising dimensions(With a correlation coefficient 731/0) and dimensions and development infrastructures(With a correlation coefficient50/0) the most correlation with Lack of development of dark tourism tourism in the region of Bam are.

The tourism industry, after oil as the second largest economy in the world, has many revenues for different countries and on the other hand, this world's largest industry has now become an inseparable component of human life. The tourism industry is also known as invisible exports due to its unique economic mechanism. Tourism is formed as a multidimensional phenomenon and a component of elements that can be understood by their interconnections and their multiplicity in the form of an integrated system. Tourism combines the three domains of culture, economics, and politics in the context of natural conditions. The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of virtual media and social networks on tourism development. The type of research is applied and its nature is analytical descriptive. Data gathering is done by documentary and field survey using a questionnaire. The statistical population is a social and virtual media audience and the questionnaire is provided online. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests using SPSS software. Research findings indicate that there is a gap between the development of the tourism industry and the increased use of virtual media But according to the viewers of the questioned, it can be said that by increasing their activity and expanding the scope of advertising and services in the tourism industry, it would be hoped that users of these networks and tourists would use these media and bring about an innovative development of tourism.The tourism industry, after oil as the second largest economy in the world, has many revenues for different countries and on the other hand, this world's largest industry has now become an inseparable component of human life. The tourism industry is also known as invisible exports due to its unique economic mechanism. Tourism is formed as a multidimensional phenomenon and a component of elements that can be understood by their interconnections and their multiplicity in the form of an integrated system. Tourism combines the three domains of culture, economics, and politics in the context of natural conditions. The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of virtual media and social networks on tourism development. The type of research is applied and its nature is analytical descriptive. Data gathering is done by documentary and field.

Because tourists with all motives are usually looking for good weather, the climate is very important in terms of tourism planning. Sistan and Baluchestan Province has a high potential for attracting tourists with a latitude of 5 degrees, having cities with diverse cultural, natural, historic and beautiful beaches in the south. In this research, the most important tourist cities in the province which have the most important natural, national, religious and human places attract tourists, was identified with the help of field studies and tourism comprehensive plan of the province. Then, the data needed to calculate 12 climate indicators influencing the travel climate climates during a 20-year period (1992-2012). The results of the research indicate that favorable climate conditions for tourism in the cities of the province occur during winter, spring and autumn; while the province's cities are not prone to tourism in the summer due to the highest thermal stress. In the cold season, southern cities such as Chabahar, Konarak and the tourist destination were determined. In the spring and autumn, the cities of higher latitudes Zahedan, Khash and Zabul were selected as tourist destination; therefore, it was possible to determine the destination of the trip based on the trip time based on the output of the biochemical models. According to the climate and climate indicators, winter tourism center, south of the province and tourism centers are spring and autumn, the center and Northern provinces.
The results of the research indicate that favorable climate conditions for tourism in the cities of the province occur during winter, spring and autumn; while the province's cities are not prone to tourism in the summer due to the highest thermal stress. In the cold season, southern cities such as Chabahar, Konarak and the tourist destination were determined. In the spring and autumn, the cities of higher latitudes Zahedan, Khash and Zabul were selected as tourist destination; therefore, it was possible to determine the destination of the trip based on the trip time based on the output of the biochemical models. According to the climate and climate indicators, winter tourism center, south of the province and tourism centers are spring and autumn, the center and Northern provinces.

In recent decades, the rapid growth of urbanization and the use of means of transport has led to a significant increase in visits to natural areas. In this research, for determining the location of the tourist village, 12 criteria for locating the tourism were determined. And through the network analysis process, which is one of the newest decision-making methods in this area. The relationship between criteria and their importance in locating was determined. Then, in GIS, for each mapping criterion, a map of the optimal locations for creating a tourist village was identified by combining the maps using the overlap index and the fuzzy logic method with the operators AND and GAMMA. The research method in this research is a combination of analytical, descriptive, documentary and field methods. To complete the data and information, field studies were completed and a questionnaire was completed for analysis. The results showed that the use of AND and GAMMA operators indicate more favorable and optimal regions than the overlap index Finally, using conditional questioning in GIS, the location is located on the northern side of Qeshm Island, along with coastal landscape and mangrove forests. In addition to having the ability to build facilities and facilities for welfare and tourism, it can also be effective in developing the attractions of nature tourism, sports and recreational recreation. In general, it can be argued that the facilities needed by tourists will be more effective with deployment in the northern regions. Also, the results of statistical discussions in SPSS software showed that its significance level is zero, Therefore, it can be concluded that the capabilities and potential of Qeshm Island have the potential and potential of creating a tourist village. In general, according to the results of this research, it can be concluded that an appropriate method for locating the tourism village in Qeshm Island is fuzzy ANP models relative to GIS.

 Nahjolbalagheh boostan with an area of 35 hectares is welcomed by many people in different years of the year. This boostan has a great potential for attracting tourists due to tourist and recreational attractions. Bowestan Nahj-ol-Balaghah, the municipality of Tehran's 2nd district despite having a suitable background unfortunately, in order to attract urban tourism, it still does not have a good place to increase urban tourism. One of the most important factors in this category is the tourists' dissatisfaction with the quality of urban services in the Nahj al-Balaghah booth.
Due to the fact that the purpose of tourists to use urban spaces is to achieve mental and psychological relaxation, the lack of quality of urban services will displease and hinder the sustainability of urban tourism. In this regard, the aim of the study is to assess the factors affecting quality urban services, and, finally, measuring the satisfaction of tourists using the Cano analytical model.
Data were collected from 360 questionnaires collected through descriptive and analytical methods of SPSS software and analytical methods of nonparametric statistics. The results of the research show that in the form of Kano model analysis, the basic needs of motivational and functional are the most important factors Effective on the satisfaction of tourists is stated.
The most dissatisfaction of tourists is classified in the row of functional needs. Also, statistical analysis of Pearson correlation test showed that there was a significant correlation between safety index (0.92), quality and environmental conditions (0.843) and beauty design of boustan (0.618). Increasing the satisfaction of tourists, in addition to reducing their complaints, will double the ground for their loyalty and trust in Nahjulbalagheh's recreational complex. Thus, the satisfaction of tourists from the Nahj al-Balagh district can never be a product of one event, but with a policy Step-by-step program-based actions in order to qualify, service, and fix hair Preventing step.

In recent years, One of the challenges facing contemporary public spaces, is the privatization of public space, which its consequences have affected the urban tourism; However, one of the most striking examples of this challenge is the emergence and development of large-scale urban tourism projects. In this paper, with the aim of understanding the production and characteristics of this type of public space, two large-scale projects of Tehran Book Garden and Velayat Park were studied. In this regard, the theory of social production of space as a Theoretical research support model was tested experimentally. Data collection was carried out based on the documentation method, observation, dialogue and questioning. The statistical sample of the study included documents, reports, lectures and texts on the two projects, as well as 100 users of the public space of each site. For analysis, statistical methods and qualitative content analysis method based of Grounded Theory have been used. The results showed that the representation of the public space in the intellectual environment of the Book Garden project builders was based on three discourses: the "instructive space", "project durability", "the human scale of design and architecture" and in the Velayat Park project, including "development of south city", "control of Public space", "making recreational public space" and "attention to Islamic ideology in the design of public space". Each of these discourses has somehow led to the formation, guidance and control of spatial practices in these two projects. Due to some negative features, these spatial practices have caused users to be discontented from the experience of these spaces and ultimately lead to the exclusion of users and the lack of their continued and persistent use of public space.

Satisfaction of tourists is Category that of loyalty Tourists to continue of Travel To destination And encourage friends To visit From destination city is. and In this way, Cause Boom, Continuity and Tourism sustainability Is provided in the Tourist areas. The aim of this study is On Factors affecting for Satisfaction of tourists in the part of bahgbahadoran In a descriptive-analytic approach. For this purpose used The model Kano satisfaction evaluation and In the following Been prioritized Factors influencing tourists' satisfaction by using Structural Equation Modeling. Statistical Society is All tourists entering the section Baghbahadoran and The sample size calculation With Cochran formula is 381 people. According to the Kano model Factors affecting tourists' satisfaction Divided Into three parts, Functional Requirements, Basic and motivational. The results of Structural Equation Modeling Suggests Functional requirements with the load factor 0/98 The greatest impact on Tourists' satisfaction is. Motivational factor load requirements 0/91 And basic requirements with coefficient of 0/89 In the second and third positions were Respectively. Also according to the results of the Kano model in the functional elements Security Had the greatest influence on tourists' satisfaction 0/7659 satisfaction index. Among the factors motivational requirements Appropriate communication systems by a factor of satisfaction 0/536 And among the basic requirements Diversity in activities with satisfaction factor 0/3395 Recognized The most effective triggers a sense of satisfaction.
Satisfaction of tourists is Category that of loyalty Tourists to continue of Travel To destination And encourage friends To visit From destination city is. and In this way, Cause Boom, Continuity and Tourism sustainability Is provided in the Tourist areas. The aim of this study is On Factors affecting for Satisfaction of tourists in the part of bahgbahadoran In a descriptive-analytic approach. For this purpose used The model Kano satisfaction evaluation and In the following Been prioritized Factors influencing tourists' satisfaction by using Structural Equation Modeling. Statistical Society is All tourists entering the section Baghbahadoran and The sample size calculation With Cochran formula is 381 people. According to the Kano model Factors affecting tourists' satisfaction Divided Into three parts, Functional Requirements, Basic and motivational. The results of Structural Equation Modeling Suggests Functional requirements with the load factor 0/98 The greatest impact on Tourists' satisfaction is. Motivational factor load requirements 0/91 And basic requirements with coefficient of 0/89 In the second and third positions were Respectively.