Journal of Disease and Diagnosis
Volume:7 Issue: 1, Jul 2018

Postpartum depression with a different incidence of 40- 45% in different societies, which it has adverse effects on the health of mothers and their child, given the negative effects of maternal depression and its harmful effects on the baby and the quality of family life. So, this study was performed with the aim to determine postpartum depression and its associated factors in Bandar Abbas city. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015 after obtaining consent from mothers by the census. A total of 343 mothers was examined for depression who referred to Bandar Abbas health centers in the 2nd and 4th months after childbirth. The data collection tools included demographic information and Postpartum Depression Edinburgh questionnaires. Finally, the statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (version 22.0) software and data were analyzed using the Independent t-test, Mann Whitney, Chi-square, and Fisher exact tests. Totally, 68 (19.8%) of samples were in the second month and 54 (15.7%) in the fourth month after delivery had postpartum depression. The incidence of depression in the four months was 6.6%. There was a significant difference between depression and income, parental education, father’s use of cigarette and abnormalities of the infant (P <0.001). There was no significant difference between other factors such as gestational age, infant sex, birth weight, unwanted pregnancy, and type of delivery. Regarding the prevalence of this disorder, it seems that postpartum depression screening planning should be considered during child routine care as an essential component, especially for vulnerable groups.

Self-medication can lead to the latency of the real severity of disease, delay in diagnosis, a complication of treatment, threatening side effects, and unexpected intoxication. The present research aimed to explore the prevalence of self-medication and its factors among students affiliated to Bandar Abbas universities in 2016. This Descriptive Analytic study was performed on 600 students affiliated to the universities in Bandar Abbas; Islamic Azad University, Payam-e-Noor University, and University of Medical Sciences. The sample was selected through a stratified sampling method, and the data were collected by a questionnaire comprised of two parts, demographic information (6 items), and risk factors of self-medication and self-medicated drugs (26 items). SPSS version 19 was used to analyze the data through the required tests. The mean age of the students was 24.11±5.85 years. One hundred and ninety-one subjects (31.8%) were male, and 409 (68.2%) were female. The results revealed the prevalence of self-medication in the target population was 80.2%., the main reasons for self-medication were reported underestimating the disease 461(77.0%), previous experience of the disease 457(76.4%), repeated prescription 441(73.6%), and easy access to drug 423(70.6%). The most prevalent drugs self-medicated by students were acetaminophen, herbal medicines, antibiotics, other drugs, sedatives, and anti-acids, respectively. Considering the high prevalence of self-medication (80.2%) revealed in this research, there is a need for more attentive care for consistent education and drug consumption culture promotion. Specific approaches can help the provision of easy access to medical services in universities.

Formerly in societies, literacy only implied reading and writing skills. Gradually, the industrial 20th century turned into the information era of the 21st century. Accordingly, to survive in the present world, we need to have information literacy. Acquiring information technology (IT) is an indispensable part of literacy. The current research aims to investigate the correlation of access to computer/internet system and paramedical students’ information literacy at Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, in 2015. In the present descriptive, cross-sectional research conducted in 2015, 229 paramedical students who entered university during 2012-2014 were selected through a clustered sampling method. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire already developed and used in the previous research (11). It was comprised of two sections: a demographic and an information literacy section. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson test, as well as independent-sample t-test, were applied via SPSS (version 16). Totally, 86.9% and 85.2% of participants had access to computer and internet systems, respectively. A significant difference was found between access to computers and information literacy as well as between information literacy and academic degree (P<0.05). Among the domains investigated, the health-related IT group was found to have the highest literacy level. The results of the research indicated a correlation between access to net and information literacy. Therefore, providing for IT infrastructures is suggested for promoting information literacy.

Suicide is a mental health problem. According to the world health organization report, it is the third leading cause of death in people aged 15−29 years. This descriptive study included 666 suicide cases who referred to the emergency unit of Shahid Mohammadi Hospital of Bandar Abbas, Iran during 2008-2014. The required data were analyzed with chi-square and one-way ANOVA tests in SPSS ver. 17.0. The highest average age of those who committed suicide was that of the period 2008-2009, and this average age declined during 2010-2013. The suicide rate was significantly higher in men during 2008-2010, whereas the number of women was considerably larger in the three next years. There were not significantly different regarding marital status. It was higher among singles compared to married and divorced persons. Suicide rates were higher among the unemployed compared to the employed and housewives. Rate of suicide was higher at the age of 16-32-years, and in females, singles, unemployed, and urbanites.

Road accidents are one of the main causes of death worldwide and the second cause of death in Iran. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of transport accidents based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) in patients who referred to trauma department of academic hospitals affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in the northeast of Iran. This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed from March 20, 2013, to March 20, 2014. The study population included all records of inpatients referred due to transport accidents (9162 cases), to the three specialized trauma hospitals. Majority of the patients involved in transport accidents were men (75%). Most transport accidents included motorcycle riders (39.36%), car occupants (26.21%) and pedestrians (24.82%), respectively. Most of the accidents occurred in summer (33.2%) and spring (26%). Majority of the accidents occurred between 6 PM to 8 PM, and fewer accidents occurred in the early hours of the day. Policymakers should consider more, groups at high risks, such as pedestrians and motorcyclist.

Pain control is considered as the key issue in modern midwifery. Along with medical painkillers, reflexology is viewed as a non-medical and noninvasive method. Hence, we aimed to investigate the effect of reflexology on the intensity of pain and length of labor. In this clinical trial, participants included 240 Iranian primiparous women with term and singleton pregnancy. Having a 3-4 cm cervical dilatation once they visited the hospital. Through a convenient sampling method, they were selected and then randomly divided into two groups. In the intervention group, reflexology was performed, and the intensity of pain during the active phase of labor along with the length of labor in the active phase was measured by visual analog scale (VAS) and compared with the control group. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and Mann-Whitney U-test. Data analysis showed a statistically significant difference between the intensity of pain in the 5-7 and 8-10 cm dilatation in the two groups (P=0.01). Moreover, the labor length in the active phase was found to be significantly shorter in the intervention group (P<0.001). It appears that reflexology can lead to a reduction in the pain and length of labor. Therefore, through instructing this technique, a goal of midwifery, which is reducing labor pain and its length can be achieved.

Tumefactive demyelinating lesions are a rare presentation of multiple sclerosis (MS). Diagnosis of tumefactive is commonly carried out using magnetic resonance image (MRI). Tumefactive diagnosis is difficult because of may similar to the clinical and MRI characteristics of glioma or a cerebral abscess. We presented a 35-years-old female with one episode of secondary generalized seizure after delivery. In MRI with contrast, two gadolinium-enhanced lesions were observed in right temporal lobe with open-ring appearance.

Major thalassemia is known as the most prevalent genetic disorder in Iran. Patients with major thalassemia suffer mostly from psychological problems particularly depression, which can decrease their efficiency in life. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the prevalence of depression among these patients. The present descriptive, cross-sectional research was conducted during summer, 2014 in Abu Raihan Special Disease Center of Bandar Abbas. A sample of 275 patients was selected through the convenient sampling method. The inclusion criterion was afflicted with major thalassemia while the exclusion criterion was an unwillingness to participate or incomplete questionnaires. A demographic information inquiry was made of the subjects followed by Beck Depression Inventory. The elicited data entered SPSS ver.19 for the required statistical analyses. T-test, mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the data, and the significance level was set at ˂0.05. The results revealed that 41.5% of the sample suffered from a high depression rate. Significant correlations were found between depression and loss of close relatives, history of depression, family rows, and the history of psychological diseases in the family. Considering the prevalence of depression in Iran (41.5%), these patients need more support and attention especially to their psychological state.