نشریه نقد، تحلیل و زیبایی شناسی متون
پیاپی 1 (زمستان 1397)

If we study and peruse works about literary criticism, we can distinguish two main perspectives: according to first perspective, belles-lettres, only reflect what is in their author's mind and text is a product of external determinant factors. Second perspective, contrary to first perspective, focuses on belles-lettres and regards literature as a language-game. Nevertheless there are some literati who do not believe in separation between words (text) and theme (content). Albert Cammo and Lousian Goldman in the west, Saeb Tabrizi and Dr Shafiee Kadkani in Persian literature are among this group. This group declaims that there is no separation between language and thought. This article tries to compare and study interrelationship between figures of speech (as one verbal elements of text) and world view (as subjective content) in Sohrab Sepehri and Mohammadreza Shafiee Kadkani's poems by use of Lousian Goldman's genetic structuralism theory. the main objective of this paper is that shown the interaction between language and meaning in the poem if this two Contemporary poet.

In the story of the battle of Rostam and Isfandiar, to combinations of “Gaz arrow” and “wine” have raised questions and answers from many researchers. They have been focusing on this story and its elements from a number of viewpoints and presented various analyses. Reviewing these viewpoints, this paper tried to, firstly emphasis that structuralism interpretation of the elements of this story on the base of religious confrontation or tradition and modernity is an acceptable interpretation. Secondly, for this story and its elements a symbolic analysis can be represented and then these combinations can imply different symbolic meanings. Thirdly, the real interpretation of these elements is possible considering the documents of two books “Ajayebolmakhlooghat” [The wonders of creatures] and “Zaratooshtnameh” [book of Zaratoosht]. In that case, “Gaz arrow” and “wine” both are used in their real names having oldness and holiness used in the arrow which killed Isfandiar.

The image, if not the basis of the poem, is one of the main elements of its construction; the poets, by creating their poetic images, as well as displaying their imagination, reveal individual tendencies and their personal and periodic style. The study titled "The Simile, the Image Format in vahshi bafghi poem, examines the poet's sonnets in terms of the quantity and quality of the images, and, using stylistic considerations, makes it clear that the poet picks up his image. In his sonnets, he seems to have used the analogy to almost metaphor according to his tendency to simplify.

Ahmad Mahmoud is one of the contemporary novelists that according the geographical location of his life who has touched the war and its events closely. He strives to highlight the problems of the war-torn people. The theme of this novel is clarifying the difficulties that have happened to the war-torn people. This library research has tried to analysis the elements of the story the "burnt earth" novel by Ahmad Mahmoud. View Angle is the first singular person that is expressed in the language of the main character. This novel is dealt with the story of the early months of the war and the events that took place in Ahwaz. Characters are less important than incidents and events and are marginized in this novel. The dialogues in this novel are suited to the social classes of people. The tone is serious and free from any jokes. The setting of the novel is also accompanied by fear and intimidation.

Athar-al Belad va Akhbar-al Ebad by Zakaria Qazvini is one of the most important books about historical geography of settled lands,which has been written in Arabic in 7ty century after Hedjri and has three prefaces and seven topics about seven regions. One of the distinctive characteristics if this book is that it describes the climate of the lands and its effects on temper and character of the people who live threre. This work has religious and moral approach and religious teachings and didactic contents have been considered in it and the author has emphasized them. Subjects such as truthfulness, goodmanner and benevolence have been clearly mentioned in the words by Qazvini. On the whole, it can be said that influential word and sincere language of Qazvini in expressing didactic and moral teachings has made his book attractive and public. The major result of this essay is that Qazvini believes that informing people and explaining the moral virtues is one of main methods and ways to reform the society; and as a result, in the majority of the subjects of this book, Qazvini encourages the reader to achive virtues and avoid the wickedness while emphasizing the knowledge and rationality.

Encyclopaedia includes topics such as Love and the text of the endearing of the Mysticism and…in general, any kind of writing or work that reflects the emotions and emotions of indivduais is included, that is, all the emotion from the most subtle to the greatest of them with every reality that exists, in every literary from you can trace the emotions of people. The writers efforts in this essay are to examine the components of Gana literature in Beyhaghi history by analyzing and describing it using library resources and presenting the components of the movement frequency at the end. since beyhagi on the art of portraying emotions beyhagi and in tone and its work has always felt a special place. So، doing this research، it was flet necessary. On beyhagi history، issues such as happiness and enthusiasm for festivals، recreation and hunting of umjales qaznavi and wedding nobeles and regrettable moments of death in venice death those persons can be found in abundance. Sometimes the reader by reading fiction like Hasanak vazir to cry and some times do it with sweet word allof him )her( to full of wonder These feeling are the themes of the rich literature that has been presented in the history of Beyhaghi, and it covers parts of this work in the field of this litwrary genre.

Bal'ami History is one of the most precious old resources of Dari Farsi proses. We are researching about the effective role of prefix "Baz" in this masterpiece of Dari Farsi prose and the most important historical resource to highlight the different meanings of each word in semantic system and in relation to the chain of speech and to eradicate the semantic ambiguity of the sentence. Accurate acquaintance of Farsi poetry and prose needs cognition of grammatical topics in the sentence. Using prefix "Baz" in different ways in the sentences have made new verbs with new meanings. In Bal'ami History the "Baz" is used in the form of name, infinitive, adjective, adverb, preposition and prefix of compound verbs. In the form of prefix of compound verbs "Baz" is in two forms, one is changed the meaning of the verb and the other doesn’t. More important point is that using the same compound verb made by prefix in different sentences resulted variety of meaning and different usages witch shows that Bal'ami's Goal was to say the precise meaning of the verb in the text of the sentence. This shows the superiority and skill of this artist and literary lover.